| 1. |
- Gebreslassie, Mihretab, et al.
(författare)
-
Economic evaluations of public health interventions for physical activity and healthy diet : A systematic review
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Preventive Medicine. - : ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE. - 0091-7435 .- 1096-0260. ; 136
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physical inactivity and unhealthy dietary habits are associated with an increased disease and economic burden. The aim of this systematic review was to identify economic evaluations of public health interventions targeting physical activity and healthy diet, and assess the quality and transferability of the findings to the Swedish context. A search of published economic evaluations was conducted through electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, National Health Service Economic Evaluation Databases (NHS EED) and the Health Technology Assessment Database (HTA). An additional search was done using references of relevant systematic reviews and websites of relevant organizations were checked to find grey literature. Quality and transferability of the economic evaluations were appraised using a quality assessment tool developed by the Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment. Thirty-two economic evaluations, rated as moderate or high quality, of 178 interventions were included; thirteen studies targeting physical activity, thirteen targeting healthy diet and six targeting both. The interventions varied in terms of their content, setting, mode of delivery and target populations. A majority of the economic evaluations reported that the interventions were likely to be cost-effective; however, considerable variations in the methodological and reporting qualities were observed. Only half of the economic evaluations were rated to have a high probability of transferring to the Swedish context. Public health interventions targeting physical activity and dietary habits have a high potential to be cost-effective. However, decision makers should consider the variation in quality and transferability of the available evidence.
|
|
| 2. |
- Philipson, Anna, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Adolescent depression and subsequent earnings across early to middle adulthood: A 25-year longitudinal cohort study
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences. - : Cambridge University Press. - 2045-7979 .- 2045-7960. ; 29
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The few available studies on early-onset depression and future earnings offer ambiguous findings, and potential sources of heterogeneity are poorly understood. We examined the differences in adult earnings of males and females with and without a history of depressive disorder in adolescence, with specific focuses on (1) future earnings in clinical subtypes of adolescent depression; (2) the growth and distribution of earnings over time within these subgroups and (3) the mediating role of subsequent depressive episodes occurring in early adulthood. Methods: Data were drawn from the Uppsala Longitudinal Adolescent Depression Study, a community-based cohort study initiated in Uppsala, Sweden, in the early 1990s. Comprehensive diagnostic assessments were conducted at age 16-17 and in follow-up interviews 15 years later, while consecutive data on earnings for the years 1996 to 2016 (ages 20-40) were drawn from population-based registries. The current study included participants with a history of persistent depressive disorder (PDD) (n = 175), episodic major depressive disorder (MDD) (n = 82), subthreshold depression (n = 64) or no depression (n = 218) in adolescence. The association of adolescent depression with earnings in adulthood was analysed using generalised estimating equations. Estimates were adjusted for major child and adolescent psychiatric comorbidities and parental socioeconomic status. The indirect (mediated) effect of depression in early adulthood (ages 19-30) on earnings in mid-adulthood (31-40) was estimated in mediation analysis. The study followed the 'STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology' (STROBE) guidelines. Results: Earnings across early to middle adulthood were lower for participants with a history of a PDD in adolescence than for their non-depressed peers, with an adjusted ratio of mean earnings of 0.85 (0.77-0.95) for females and 0.76 (0.60-0.95) for males. The differences were consistent over time, and more pronounced in the lower percentiles of the earnings distributions. The association was partially mediated by recurrent depression in early adulthood (48% in total; 61% for females, 29% for males). No reduction in earnings was observed among participants with episodic MDD in adolescence, while results for subthreshold depression were inconclusive. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that future earnings of adolescents with depressive disorders are contingent on the duration and natural long-term course of early-onset depression, emphasising the need for timely and effective interventions to avoid loss of human capital.
|
|
| 3. |
- Sarkadi, Anna, Professor, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of the Teaching Recovery Techniques community-based intervention for unaccompanied refugee youth experiencing post-traumatic stress symptoms (Swedish UnaccomPanied yOuth Refugee Trial; SUPpORT) : study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Trials. - : NLM (Medline). - 1745-6215. ; 21:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In 2015, 162,877 persons sought asylum in Sweden, 35,369 of whom were unaccompanied refugee minors (URMs). Refugee children, especially URMs, have often experienced traumas and are at significant risk of developing mental health problems, such as symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety, which can continue years after resettlement. The Swedish UnaccomPanied yOuth Refugee Trial (SUPpORT) aims to evaluate a community-based intervention, called Teaching Recovery Techniques (TRT), for refugee youth experiencing PTSD symptoms.METHODS/DESIGN: A randomised controlled trial will be conducted in which participants will be randomly allocated to one of two possible arms: the intervention arm (n = 109) will be offered the TRT programme, and the waitlist-control arm (n = 109) will receive services as usual, followed by the TRT programme around 20 weeks later. Outcome data will be collected at three points: pre-intervention (T1), post-intervention (T2; about 8 weeks after randomisation) and follow-up (T3; about 20 weeks after randomisation).DISCUSSION: This study will provide knowledge about the effect and efficiency of a group intervention for URMs reporting symptoms of PTSD in Sweden. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN, ISRCTN47820795. Prospectively registered on 20 December 2018.
|
|
| 4. |
- Ssegonja, Richard, et al.
(författare)
-
Cost-effectiveness of an indicated preventive intervention for depression in adolescents: a model to support decision making
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 277, s. 789-799
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Adolescent depression has negative health and economic outcomes in the shortand long-term. Indicated preventive interventions, in particular group based cognitive behavioural therapy (GB-CBT), are ef-fective in preventing depression in adolescents with subsyndromal depression. However, little is known about the cost-effectiveness of these interventions. Methods: A Markov cohort model was used to conduct cost-effectiveness analyses comparing a GB-CBT indicated preventive intervention for depression, to a no-intervention option in a Swedish setting. Taking a time horizon of 5and 10 years, incremental differences in societal costs and health benefits expressed as differences in the proportion of cases of depression prevented, and as quality adjusted life years (QALYs) gained were estimated. Through univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses, the robustness of the results was explored. Costs, presented in 2018 USD, and effects were discounted at a yearly rate of 3%. Results: The base-case analysis showed that GB-CBT indicated preventive intervention incurred lower costs, prevented a larger proportion of cases of depression and generated higher QALYs compared to the no -intervention option for both time horizons. Offering the intervention was even a cost saving strategy and demonstrated a probability of being cost-effective of over 95%. In the sensitivity analyses, these results were robust to the modelling assumptions. Limitations: The study considered a homogeneous cohort and assumed a constant annual decay rate of the relative treatment effect. Conclusions: GB-CBT indicated preventive interventions for depression in adolescence can generate good value for money compared to leaving adolescents with subsyndromal depression untreated.
|
|
| 5. |
- Ssegonja, Richard
(författare)
-
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of indicated preventive interventions for depression in adolescents : An application of health economics methods
- 2020
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Unipolar depressive disorders are commonly encountered conditions in clinical practice with about 25% reporting their first episode during adolescence. Longitudinal studies show adolescent depression to be associated with an increased risk of mental illness in adulthood, healthcare usage, poor educational outcomes, unemployment, and dependency on welfare recipiency. Therefore, adolescent depression contributes a high disease burden and impinges a considerable financial strain on society’s limited resources.Several preventive interventions have been developed to prevent adolescent depression. Of these interventions, group-based cognitive behavioural therapy (GB-CBT) indicated preventive interventions for depression are well studied and accepted. However, evaluations of their effectiveness and cost effectiveness have yielded conflicting and incomplete results mainly due to methodological limitations.Therefore, the overarching aim of this thesis was to investigate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of GB-CBT indicated preventive interventions for depression in children and adolescents, and estimate the additional healthcare costs and welfare burden in early to mid-adulthood associated with adolescent depression.In study I, GB-CBT indicated preventive interventions for depression in children and adolescents were protective against developing a depressive disorder and also reduced depressive symptoms. The intervention relative effect was noted to decay over time. Study II revealed that adolescent depression was associated with considerable increased healthcare consumption in mid-adulthood compared to the non-depressed peers at a population level. This finding was more pronounced in females with persistent depressive disorder (PDD). Study III showed adolescent depression to be associated with all the forms of social transfer payments (welfare) especially in individuals with PDD and those with early comorbid psychopathologies.Study IV demonstrated that GB-CBT indicated preventive interventions for adolescent depression are not only effective but also have the potential to be cost-effective compared to leaving adolescents with subsyndromal depression unattended.Findings from studies II and III, emphasized the large financial burden to society in terms of additional healthcare costs and welfare expenditure associated with adolescent depression. Whereas, study I and IV bring forward the message that it is possible to change the course of subsyndromal depression by offering GB-CBT indicated preventive interventions to adolescents with subsyndromal depression. Such an initiative was not only cost-effective compared to not intervening, but also largely cost-saving. Therefore, GB-CBT indicated preventive interventions could be used as part of a stepped care program linking into more specialized care services. The results of this thesis will be useful in decision-making concerning the resource allocation related to adoption and implementation of such preventive measures.
|
|
| 6. |
- Warner, Georgina, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of the teaching recovery techniques community-based intervention for accompanied refugee children experiencing post-traumatic stress symptoms (Accompanied refugeeS In Sweden Trial; ASsIST) : study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial
- 2020
-
Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 10:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Refugee children have often experienced traumas and are at significant risk of developing mental health problems, such as symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety, which can continue for years after resettlement. The Accompanied refugeeS In Sweden Trial (ASsIST) aims to evaluate a community-based intervention, called 'Teaching Recovery Techniques' (TRT), for accompanied refugee minors experiencing PTSD symptoms. METHODS/DESIGN: A cluster randomised controlled trial will be conducted in which participants will be randomly allocated to one of the two possible arms: the intervention arm (n=113) will be offered the TRT programme and the waitlist-control arm (n=113) will receive services as usual, followed by the TRT programme around 20 weeks later. Outcome data will be collected at three points: pre-intervention (T1), post-intervention (T2; c.8 weeks after randomisation) and follow-up (T3; c.20 weeks after randomisation). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval was granted by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Uppsala (Ref. 2018/382) (24th February 2019). Results will be published in scientific journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION DETAILS: ISRCTN17754931. Prospectively registered on 4th June 2019.
|
|
