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- Azevedo, Flavio, et al.
(författare)
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Social and moral psychology of COVID-19 across 69 countries
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2052-4463. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all domains of human life, including the economic and social fabric of societies. One of the central strategies for managing public health throughout the pandemic has been through persuasive messaging and collective behaviour change. To help scholars better understand the social and moral psychology behind public health behaviour, we present a dataset comprising of 51,404 individuals from 69 countries. This dataset was collected for the International Collaboration on Social & Moral Psychology of COVID-19 project (ICSMP COVID-19). This social science survey invited participants around the world to complete a series of moral and psychological measures and public health attitudes about COVID-19 during an early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic (between April and June 2020). The survey included seven broad categories of questions: COVID-19 beliefs and compliance behaviours; identity and social attitudes; ideology; health and well-being; moral beliefs and motivation; personality traits; and demographic variables. We report both raw and cleaned data, along with all survey materials, data visualisations, and psychometric evaluations of key variables.
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- Van Bavel, Jay J., et al.
(författare)
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National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Portfolio. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic. Changing collective behaviour and supporting non-pharmaceutical interventions is an important component in mitigating virus transmission during a pandemic. In a large international collaboration (Study 1, N = 49,968 across 67 countries), we investigated self-reported factors associated with public health behaviours (e.g., spatial distancing and stricter hygiene) and endorsed public policy interventions (e.g., closing bars and restaurants) during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020). Respondents who reported identifying more strongly with their nation consistently reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies. Results were similar for representative and non-representative national samples. Study 2 (N = 42 countries) conceptually replicated the central finding using aggregate indices of national identity (obtained using the World Values Survey) and a measure of actual behaviour change during the pandemic (obtained from Google mobility reports). Higher levels of national identification prior to the pandemic predicted lower mobility during the early stage of the pandemic (r = -0.40). We discuss the potential implications of links between national identity, leadership, and public health for managing COVID-19 and future pandemics.
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- Bojan, Alicja J., 1980, et al.
(författare)
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A new bone adhesive candidate- does it work in human bone? An ex-vivo preclinical evaluation in fresh human osteoporotic femoral head bone
- 2022
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Ingår i: Injury-International Journal of the Care of the Injured. - : Elsevier BV. - 0020-1383 .- 1879-0267. ; 53:6, s. 1858-1866
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The fixation of small intraarticular bone fragments is clinically challenging and an obvious first orthopaedic indication for an effective bone adhesive. In the present study the feasibility of bonding freshly harvested human trabecular bone with OsStic(R), a novel phosphoserine modified cement, was evaluated using a bone cylinder model pull-out test and compared with a commercial fibrin tissue adhesive. Methods: Femoral heads (n=13) were collected from hip fracture patients undergoing arthroplasty and stored refrigerated overnight in saline medium prior to testing. Cylindrical bone cores with a pre-inserted bone screw, were prepared using a coring tool. Each core was removed and glued back in place with either the bone adhesive (alpha-tricalcium phosphate, phosphoserine and 20% trisodium citrate solution) or the fibrin glue. All glued bones were stored in bone medium at 37 degrees C. Tensile loading, using a universal testing machine (5 kN load cell), was applied to each core/head. For the bone adhesive, bone cores were tested at 2 (n=13) and 24 (n=11) hours. For the fibrin tissue adhesive control group (n=9), bone cores were tested exclusively at 2 hours. The femoral bone quality was evaluated with micro-CT. Results: The ultimate pull-out load for the bone adhesive at 2 hours ranged from 36 to 171 N (mean 94 N, SD 42 N). At 24 hours the pull-out strength was similar, 47 to 198 N (mean 123 N, SD 43 N). The adhesive failure usually occurred through the adhesive layer, however in two samples, at 167 N and 198 N the screw pulled out of the bone core. The fibrin tissue adhesive group reached a peak force of 8 N maximally at 2 hours (range 2.8-8 N, mean 5.4 N, SD 1.6 N). The mean BV/TV for femoral heads was 0.15 and indicates poor bone quality. Conclusion: The bone adhesive successfully glued wet and fatty tissue of osteoporotic human bone cores. The mean ultimate pull-out force of 123 N at 24 hours corresponds to similar to 300 kPa shear stress acting on the bone core. These first ex-vivo results in human bone are a promising step toward potential clinical application in osteochondral fragment fixation. (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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- Stadelmann, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Vaginal progesterone as luteal phase support in natural cycle frozen-thawed embryo transfer (ProFET) : protocol for a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group. - 2044-6055. ; 12:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Vaginal progesterone supplementation is frequently given to patients receiving frozen embryo transfer (FET) in the natural cycle aiming to increase the chance of pregnancy and live birth. To date, only a few studies have investigated if progesterone supplementation is beneficial in these cycles and the level of evidence for progesterone supplementation is very low. Methods and analysis The ProFET trial is a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial powered for this investigation, including 1800 women with regular menstrual cycles (24-35days), aged 18-43 years planned for natural cycle-FET receiving a single blastocyst for transfer. Participants are randomised (1:1:1) to either luteal phase progesterone for 3 weeks, luteal phase progesterone for 7 weeks or no luteal phase progesterone. The participating study centres consist of 12 in vitro fertilisation-clinics in Sweden and 1 in Iceland. The primary outcome is to investigate if luteal phase support (LPS) by vaginal progesterone increases the chance of a live birth per randomised patient in a natural FET cycle compared with no LPS. Ethics and dissemination The trial was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (ID 2020-06774, 2021-02822 and 2022-01502-02) and the Swedish Medical Products Agency (ID nr 5.1-2020-102613). All participants are required to provide written informed consent. The outcome of this study will be disseminated to the public through broadcasts, newspapers and presentations at scientific congresses as well as publications in international scientific journals.
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- Stadelmann-Steffen, I., et al.
(författare)
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A framework for social tipping in climate change mitigation: What we can learn about social tipping dynamics from the chlorofluorocarbons phase-out
- 2021
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Ingår i: Energy Research & Social Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-6296. ; 82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the natural sciences, the concept of "(natural) tipping points" has become a hot topic in climate change research. To better understand and evaluate the possibilities for and the barriers to the fundamental societal transformations necessary for climate change mitigation, we suggest a social tipping dynamics framework. We contrast this framework with previous accounts of stability and change and show that integrating these approaches under the umbrella of a social tipping dynamics framework provides us with a more encompassing and therefore more realistic account for theorizing and empirically analyzing the different (technological, behavioral, and political) paths and related interdependencies to fundamental societal change. Moreover, by emphasizing the agency aspect, we highlight that the type of fundamental change required in effective climate change mitigation is more strongly actor-driven than previous approaches have suggested. In a second step, we apply our framework to the phase-out of chlorofluorocarbons and thereby illustrate its merits. To conclude, we summarize the value of the concept of social tipping dynamics, including its limitations and potential for improving political analysis.
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