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- Hagiwara, K, et al.
(författare)
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Review of particle physics
- 2002
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Ingår i: Physical Review D (Particles and Fields). - 0556-2821. ; 66:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This biennial Review summarizes much of Particle Physics Using data from previous editions, plus 2205 new measurements from 667 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons We also summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics This edition features expanded coverage of CP violation in B mesons and of neutrino oscillations For the first time we cover searches for evidence of extra dimensions (both in the particle listings and in a new review) Another new review is on Grand Unified Theories A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review All tables, listings, and reviews (and errata) are also available on the Particle Data Group website http //pdg 1b1 gov.
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| 4. |
- Nordborg, M, et al.
(författare)
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The extent of linkage disequilibrium in Arabidopsis thaliana
- 2002
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 30:2, s. 190-193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Linkage disequilibrium (LD), the nonrandom occurrence of alleles in haplotypes, has long been of interest to population geneticists. Recently, the rapidly increasing availability of genomic polymorphism data has fueled interest in LD as a tool for fine-scale mapping, in particular for human disease loci(1). The chromosomal extent of LD is crucial in this context, because it determines how dense a map must be for associations to be detected and, conversely, limits how finely loci may be mapped(2). Arabidopsis thaliana is expected to harbor unusually extensive LD because of its high degree of selfing(3). Several polymorphism studies have found very strong LD within individual loci, but also evidence of some recombination(4-6). Here we investigate the pattern of LD on a genomic scale and show that in global samples, LD decays within approximately 1 cM, or 250 kb. We also show that LD in local populations may be much stronger than that of global populations, presumably as a result of founder events. The combination of a relatively high level of polymorphism and extensive haplotype structure bodes well for developing a genome-wide LD map in A. thaliana.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, F, et al.
(författare)
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Adding formoterol to budesonide in moderate asthma--health economic results from the FACET study
- 2001
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-3064 .- 0954-6111. ; 95:6, s. 505-512
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The FACET (Formoterol and Corticosteroid Establishing Therapy) study established that there is a clear clinical benefit in adding formoterol to budesonide therapy in patients who have persistent symptoms of asthma despite treatment with low to moderate doses of an inhaled corticosteroid. We combined the clinical results from the FACET study with an expert survey on average resource use in connection with mild and severe asthma exacerbations in the U.K., Sweden and Spain. The primary objective of this study was to assess the health economics of adding the inhaled long-acting beta2-agonist formoterol to the inhaled corticosteroid budesonide in the treatment of asthma. The extra costs of adding the inhaled beta2-agonist formoterol to the corticosteroid budesonide in asthmatic patients in Sweden were offset by savings from reduced use of resources for exacerbations. For Spain the picture was mixed. Adding formoterol to low dose budesonide generated savings, whereas for moderate doses of budesonide about 75% of the extra formoterol costs could be recouped. In the U.K., other savings offset about half of the extra cost of formoterol. All cost-effectiveness ratios are within accepted cost-effectiveness ranges reported from previous studies. If productivity losses were included, there were net savings in all three countries, ranging from Euro 267-1183 per patient per year. In conclusion, adding the inhaled, long-acting beta2-agonist formoterol to low-moderate doses of the inhaled corticosteroid budesonide generated significant gains in all outcome measures with partial or complete offset of costs. Adding formoterol to budesonide can thus be considered to be cost-effective.
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| 10. |
- Borlongan, C V, et al.
(författare)
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Cyclosporine-A enhances choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity in the septal region of adult rats
- 2000
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Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - 0304-3940. ; 279:2, s. 73-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cyclosporine-A (CsA) is the primary anti-rejection drug used for organ and neural transplantation therapy. In addition to its immunosuppressive action, CsA has been recently shown to exert neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects in the central nervous system when able to cross the blood-brain barrier. Postulated mechanisms for these CsA-induced beneficial effects include the drug's powerful inhibition of the calcium-dependent phosphatase calcineurin (CN) and blockade of the assembly of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. We report here, for the first time, that adult Wistar rats treated with CsA (10 mg/kg per day, i.p. for 9 days) displayed significantly reduced septal CN expression in combination with enhanced levels of septal choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunoreactivity as compared to controls. The observed enhancement of septal ChAT immunoreactivity suggests potential therapeutic utility of CsA for brain disorders characterized by alterations of the cholinergic system.
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