| 1. |
- Bixby, H., et al.
(författare)
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Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 569:7755, s. 260-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Stoffer, Michaela A, et al.
(författare)
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Development of patient-centred standards of care for osteoarthritis in Europe: the eumusc.net-project.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ. - 1468-2060 .- 0003-4967. ; 74:6, s. 1145-1149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The eumusc.net project is an initiative founded by the European Community and the European League Against Rheumatism. One aim of the project was to facilitate equal standards for musculoskeletal health across Europe. The aim of this work-package was to develop patient-centred and consensus based standards of care (SOC) for osteoarthritis (OA), which should be available in a professional and a patient version.
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| 4. |
- Dür, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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Do patient-reported outcome measures cover personal factors important to people with rheumatoid arthritis? : A mixed methods design using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health as frame of reference
- 2015
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Ingår i: Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1477-7525. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundPersonal factors (PFs) are internal factors that determine functioning and the individuals’ experience of disability. Their coverage by patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) has not been examined in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) so far. The aims of this study were to identify PFs important in the life stories of people with RA and to determine their coverage by PROMs used in RA.MethodsThe qualitative data of people with RA was explored to identify PFs. Additionally a systematic literature search was conducted to find PROMs used in RA. PROMs items were linked to the components, domains and categories of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) to determine the coverage of important PFs by PROMs.ResultsTwelve PFs were found to be important in the life stories of people with RA. The PFs coping and reflecting about one’s life in an optimistic way were covered most frequently, each by 14 of the 42 explored PROMs, while job satisfaction was not covered at all. The London Coping with Rheumatoid Arthritis Questionnaire, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale, Rheumatoid Arthritis Self-Efficacy Questionnaire and Revised Ways of Coping Inventory covered most PFs. Nineteen PROMs did not cover any of the PFs.ConclusionSeveral PFs were identified as important in the life stories of people with RA, but only 55% of the PROMS covered some of these PFs. When evaluating PFs important to people with RA, health professionals should be alert on which PROMs can be used to assess which PFs.
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| 5. |
- Dür, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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Personal Factors Important to People with Rheumatoid Arthritis and their Coverage by Patient-Reported Outcome Measures
- 2015
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 73:Suppl. 2, s. 894-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background There is an increasing call to use patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) in health outcome research, because the perspective of patients is an essential part concerning the end results of health care. The coverage of patients' perspective by PROMs relevant in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been examined regarding all domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) except personal factors (PFs). Since the ICF did not classify PF, some researchers attempted to provide a classification of the PFs. Objectives We aimed to identify themes meaningful to people with RA, to determine which of these were attributed to PFs previously and to explore their coverage by PROMs. Methods We explored life stories to identify themes meaningful to people with RA and determined whether they have been previously attributed to PFs in the existing literature. Additionally we conducted a systematic literature search to identify PROMs relevant in RA. Finally, we explored whether the identified PROMs cover those themes which were attributed PFs previously. Results Twenty-two themes were found to be meaningful to 15 people with RA, of which 13 were attributed to PFs previously. Five themes were linked to activity and participation or environmental factors and four were not covered by the ICF. The systematic literature search resulted in the identification of 33 PROMs. Of these, the London Coping with Rheumatoid Arthritis Questionnaire and the Rheumatoid Arthritis Self-Efficacy Questionnaire covered most PFs. Examples of the coverage of themes attributed to PFs by PROMs are depicted at the Table 1.
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| 6. |
- Mattsson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Personal factors in systemic sclerosis and their coverage by patient-reported outcome measures : A multicentre European qualitative study and literature review
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. - 1973-9087 .- 1973-9095. ; 51:4, s. 405-421
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease where thickening of the skin can lead to reduced body function and limitations in activities. Severe forms can also affect and seriously damage inner organs. Patient-centred rehabilitation emphasises considerations of patients’ background, experience and behavior which highlights the need to know if patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) include such personal factors.AIM: To identify and describe personal factors in the experiences of functioning and health of persons with SSc and to examine if and to what extent PROMs in SSc research cover these factors.DESIGN: Data from a qualitative study with focus group interviews were analysed. PROMs in SSc research were identified in a literature review between 2008-2013.SETTING: Participants were recruited from outpatient clinics at rheumatology department.POPULATION: Sixty-three patients with SSc from four European countries participated.METHODS: Data from interviews were analysed using a structure of personal factors developed by Geyh et al. Identified PROMs were analysed and linked to main concepts, related to the personal factors, found in the interview data.RESULTS: Nineteen main concepts were related to the area “patterns of experience and behaviour” in the personal factor structure, 16 to “thoughts and beliefs”, nine to “feelings”, one to “motives” and one to “personal history and biography”, respectively. Among the 35 PROMs identified, 15 did not cover any of the identified concepts. Concepts within the area “feelings” were mostly covered by the PROMs. Five of the PROMs covered “patterns of experience and behaviour”, while “motives” and “personal history and biography” were not covered at all. Four of the identified PROMs covered concepts within the areas “feelings”, “thoughts and beliefs” and “patterns of experience and behaviour” in the same instrument. The Illness Cognition Questionnaire and Illness Behaviour Questionnaire were such PROMs.CONCLUSION: Patterns of experience and behaviour had the highest number of concepts related to personal factors, but few of the PROMs in SSc research covered these factors. Only a few PROMs covered several personal factors areas in the same instrument.CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: The results would be of value when developing core sets for outcome measurements in SSc.
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