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- Danker, Carolin, et al.
(författare)
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AI and Dynamic Prediction of Deterioration in Covid-19
- 2022
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Ingår i: Artificial Intelligence in Covid-19. - Cham : Springer Nature. ; , s. 257-277
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During the COVID-19 pandemic it became evident that outcome prediction of patients is crucial for triaging, when resources are limited and enable early start or increase of available therapeutic support. COVID-19 demographic risk factors for severe disease and death were rapidly established, including age and sex. Common Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) and Early Warning Systems (EWS) have been used to triage based on demographics, vital signs and laboratory results. However, all of these have limitations, such as dependency of laboratory investigations or set threshold values, were derived from more or less specific cohort studies. Instead, individual illness dynamics and patterns of recovery might be essential characteristics in understanding the critical course of illness.The pandemic has been a game changer for data, and the concept of real-time massive health data has emerged as one of the important tools in battling the pandemic. We here describe the advantages and limitations of established risk scoring systems and show how artificial intelligence applied on dynamic vital parameter changes, may help to predict critical illness, adverse events and death in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.Machine learning assisted dynamic analysis can improve and give patient-specific prediction in Clinical Decision Support systems that have the potential of reducing both morbidity and mortality.
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- Moscatiello, Cristina, et al.
(författare)
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LVDC Microgrids for Power Sharing in Energy Community
- 2022
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Ingår i: Conference Record - IAS Annual Meeting (IEEE Industry Applications Society). - 0197-2618. ; 2022-October
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years the development of the LVDC distribution networks is under consideration. DC electrical distribution offers several advantages compared to AC in many applications, in particular in the presence of distributed generation and energy storage systems like high efficacy, flexibility and simple integrated to renewable sources. The DC distribution allows to integrate in a more efficient 'microgrid' different sources with DC/DC converters. The paper proposes an innovative model of microgrid architecture for aggregations of users able to share the power produced by common generators and energy services called power sharing model (PSM) using a DC bus, called power sharing link (PSL), that connects the common generators to the users. Each user has also an independent AC connection point with the distributor and a power electronic converter as Open Unified Power Quality Conditioner (Open UPQC), so PSM can be easily implemented in special power sharing contracts compliant with national regulatory systems. The produced energy is shared by PSL to the users through unidirectional power electronic device. In this way the common generator is like a multiple generator without power exchange between users and each user remain passive towards the distributor. Only the balance node of the DC bus assumes a role of active user.
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- Nielsen, Michael Meinild, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Classification of different urban categories corresponding to the strategic spatial level of urban planning and management using a SPOT4 scene
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Spatial Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1836-5655 .- 1449-8596. ; 60:1, s. 99-117
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Information about the spatial and structural properties as well as different indicators of social and economic functions cannot be easily extracted from remote-sensing data in an urban milieu. This paper focuses on the extraction of information that is relevant to the strategic spatial level of urban planning management, i.e., more general land-use descriptions, using the window-independent context segmentation method to extract urban area categories from a SPOT4 satellite scene. In this study, we were able to extract three different urban categories, industrial/commercial, and two residential categories that belong to different suburbanisation phases.
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- Boikov, Iouri, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Variations in the electrical resistivity of La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 films and induced interconversions of ferromagnetic and nonferromagnetic inclusions in their bulk
- 2011
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Ingår i: Physics of the Solid State. - 1063-7834 .- 1090-6460. ; 53:10, s. 2168-2173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A significant (similar to 1.8%) positive unit between the parameters of the crystal lattice is the reason of tetragonal distortion (a (aSyen)/a (aEuro-) a parts per thousand 1.04) and reduction in the volume of the unit cell of La(0.67)Ca(0.33)MnO(3) films (15 nm) quasicoherently grown on the (001) surface of a LaAlO(3) substrate. The films consist of single-crystal blocks with the lateral size of 30-50 nm. The atomically smooth LaAlO(3)-La(0.67)Ca(0.33)MnO(3) interphase boundary has no misfit dislocations. At T = 4.2 K, the transformation of nonferromagnetic phase inclusions into ferromagnetic ones in a constant magnetic field H is accompanied by a stable reduction in the electrical resistivity rho of manganite films with time, so that the curve rho(t) is well approximated by the relationship rho(t) similar to rho(1)(t - t (0))(1/2), (where t (0) is the time for establishment of the specified value (mu(0) H = 5 T) of the magnetic field and rho(1) is a coefficient independent of H). The magnetocrystalline anisotropy due to the elastic deformation of films by the substrate and stratification of electronic phases are the reasons of the distinct hysteresis in the dependences rho(mu(0) H, T 0 -> -5 T -> 0 -> 5 T. At T = 50 K and mu(0) H = 0.4 T, the magnetoresistance MR = 100% [rho(mu(0) H) - rho(mu(0) H = 0)]/rho(mu(0) H = 0) of LCMO films attains 150%.
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- Cronberg, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Brain injury after cardiac arrest : from prognostication of comatose patients to rehabilitation
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Lancet Neurology. - 1474-4422. ; 19:7, s. 611-622
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- More patients are surviving cardiac arrest than ever before; however, the burden now lies with estimating neurological prognoses in a large number of patients who were initially comatose, in whom the ultimate outcome is unclear. Neurologists, neurointensivists, and clinical neurophysiologists must accurately balance the concern that overly conservative prognostication could leave patients in a severely disabled state, with the possibility that inaccurately pessimistic prognostication could lead to the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment in patients who might otherwise have a good functional outcome. Prognostic tools have improved greatly, including electrophysiological tests, neuroimaging, and chemical biomarkers. Conclusions about the prognosis should be delayed at least 72 h after arrest to allow for the clearance of sedative drugs. Cognitive impairments, emotional problems, and fatigue are common among patients who have survived cardiac arrest, and often go unrecognised despite being related to caregiver burden and a decreased participation in society. Through simple screening, these problems can be identified, and patients can be provided with adequate information and rehabilitation.
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