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- Pham, Nguyen Ha
(författare)
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Human resources and the response to HIV in Vietnam : policies and health workers' perspectives
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: An effective response to HIV requires sound national policies, a strong and sustainable health system with a motivated and well-trained health workforce. Aim and objectives: To analyse development of HIV-related policy and describe health workers’ perception and experiences on the HIV response in Vietnam. This thesis has four objectives: i) To analyse development of HIV-related policy in regards to policy content, policy-making process, actors and obstacles to policy implementation; ii) To describe health workers’ perceptions and experiences about HIV work and explore factors that influence their job satisfaction; iii) to explore HIV-related stigma impacts upon health workers; and iv) To describe health workers’ knowledge about HIV. Method: Nine policy documents on HIV were analysed and 17 key informant interviews were conducted in Ha Noi and Quang Ninh (Study I). Seven focus group discussions and 15 semi-structured interviews with health workers, purposively selected from national and provincial organisations responsible for HIV response in five provinces (Study II). Fourteen semi-structured interviews with health workers, purposively selected from hospitals and detention centres for drug users and sex workers in Hanoi (Study III). Interviews with structured questionnaires and self-administered questionnaires on HIV knowledge were carried out with 610 health workers in three provinces in Vietnam (Study IV). Results: Vietnam’s HIV policy has evolved from punitive control measures to a more rights-based approach, encompassing harm reduction and payment of health insurance for medical costs of people living with HIV (PLHIV) (Paper I). HIV work is perceived by Vietnamese health workers as having both positive and negative aspects. Factors related to job satisfaction included training opportunities, social recognition, and meaningful tasks. Factors related to job dissatisfaction included unsatisfactory compensation, lack of positive feedback from supervisors, work-related stress, fear of infection, and stigma because of association with PLHIV (Paper II). Stigma experienced by health workers may be organised around several themes i) Little social prestige associated with HIV work; ii) Fear expressed by family members; iii) Feelings of being devalued in the healthcare field; and iv) Work-related stress and burnout (Paper III). Health workers’ knowledge about HIV epidemiology, prevention and treatment appeared to be adequate. Knowledge about stigma and discrimination, palliative and nutrition care remained modest. The multivariable linear regression analysis showed that health workers, who do not support isolation and separation of PLHIV and who have a positive attitude to PLHIV, have better knowledge about stigma and discrimination (Paper IV). Conclusion: Vietnam’s HIV-related policy has converged towards internationally recognised approaches. Policies of harm reduction and health insurance for HIV patients’ medical costs are now the norm. Stigma is still a major barrier to HIV response. Efforts are needed to change the public image of HIV work, scale up stigma reduction, enhance stress management and improve workplace safety, thereby making health workers feel that their work is both valued and safe.
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| 5. |
- Akıner, Muhammed E., et al.
(författare)
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Predicting the critical organizational behavior and culture of the Turkish construction industry's occupational groups for determining the success of the construction business
- 2024
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Ingår i: Heliyon. - : Elsevier. - 2405-8440. ; 10:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organizational culture is connected to people's capacity to organize themselves internally and adapt to the outside environment. Contracting companies were asked to complete a questionnaire based on organizational culture characteristics. This study intends to make a substantial theoretical contribution by demonstrating a broader perspective on exposing the essential cultural features using a quantitative approach with the fewest possible questions. Exploratory factor analysis and Principal Component Analysis were used to identify the most critical variables and extract a more manageable number of components from multiple related variables. Twenty-eight variables were reduced to thirteen to eliminate statistical cross-loading. Furthermore, the organizational culture was simplified from eight to three dimensions. Thirteen factors were created based on cultural habits in the construction sector, with three inclusive dimensions: multiple motivational, one–bipolar, and many bipolar. This study provides a more succinct survey that quantifies cultural habits and their influence on sectoral performance.
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- Bachert, C, et al.
(författare)
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Adult chronic rhinosinusitis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature reviews. Disease primers. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2056-676X. ; 6:1, s. 86-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Bachert, C, et al.
(författare)
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Are Antibiotics Useful for Chronic Rhinosinusitis?
- 2016
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Ingår i: The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice. - : Elsevier BV. - 2213-2201 .- 2213-2198. ; 4:4, s. 629-638
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
- Lai, Haiping, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of platinum on the oxidation and sodium sulfate induced hot corrosion of NiAl diffusion coatings
- 2011
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Ingår i: Materials at High Temperatures. - 0960-3409. ; 28:4, s. 302-308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oxidation and corrosion properties at 900 degrees C of two coatings, one containing platinum and the other platinum-free, on IN792 were investigated. During the corrosion exposures, sodium sulfate salt was situated in the furnace together with the coated specimens. The temperature of the salt was kept above its melting point but lower than the temperature of the coating i.e. 900 degrees C. The exposure times ranged from 100 to 1000 h. The formed oxide scales were studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy techniques. It is shown that the presence of Pt improves the protective properties of the coating against corrosion. The propagation stage of corrosion on the platinum-free coating is reached already after 100 h of exposure. On the other hand the scale formed on the platinum-rich samples still appeared to be protective even after 500 h. The details concerning structure and chemistry of the scales formed are presented and discussed.
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- Mullier, G.A., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of the associated production of a Higgs boson decaying into b-quarks with a vector boson at high transverse momentum in pp collisions at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
- 2021
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Ingår i: Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 816
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The associated production of a Higgs boson with a W or Z boson decaying into leptons and where the Higgs boson decays to a bb¯ pair is measured in the high vector-boson transverse momentum regime, above 250 GeV, with the ATLAS detector. The analysed data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1, were collected in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider between 2015 and 2018 at a centre-of-mass energy of s=13 TeV. The measured signal strength, defined as the ratio of the measured signal yield to that predicted by the Standard Model, is 0.72−0.36 +0.39 corresponding to an observed (expected) significance of 2.1 (2.7) standard deviations. Cross-sections of associated production of a Higgs boson decaying into b quark pairs with a W or Z gauge boson, decaying into leptons, are measured in two exclusive vector boson transverse momentum regions, 250–400 GeV and above 400 GeV, and interpreted as constraints on anomalous couplings in the framework of a Standard Model effective field theory. © 2021 The Author
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