| 1. |
- Stavrou, N. A., et al.
(författare)
-
Indices of psychological strain during hypoxic bedrest and confinement
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of Life in space for life on earth, 18-22 June 2012, Aberdeen. - : European Space Agency. - 9789290922704
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Much attention has been devoted to the physiological changes that occur during bed rest. However, there has been a lack of focus on the psychological aspects per se. We investigated indices of psychological strain during three 10-d interventions, designed to assess the combined effects of inactivity/unloading and normobaric hypoxia on several physiological systems. Eleven male participants underwent three 10-d campaigns in a randomized manner: 1) normobaric hypoxic ambulatory confinement (HAMB), 2) normobaric hypoxic bed rest (HBR) and 3) normoxic bed rest (NBR). The most negative psychological profile appeared on BR10 of HBR and HAmb conditions (hypoxic conditions). Concomitantly a decrease in positive emotions was observed from BR-2 to BR10. Bed rest and exposure to hypoxic environments seems to exert a negative effect on person's psychological mood.
|
|
| 2. |
- Stavrou, N., et al.
(författare)
-
The effect of moderate exercise on emotional state during hypoxic confinement
- 2014
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Normobaric hypoxic training is routinely used by athletes to improve their altitude and sea level performance. A multitude of schedules are being used, combining inactive and active exposure to hypoxic environments. The live high – train low regimen, in particular, requires athletes to spend a majority of time confined to a normobaric hypoxic environment. Despite the known positive effects of hypoxic training on physical performance, there is a lack of information regarding the influence of hypoxia and physical activity on emotional state. This was the principal aim of the current study. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that physical activity alleviates the hypoxia-induced increases in negative feelings. Fourteen male subjects were confined to 10-day continuous hypoxia (fraction of inspired O2=0.139±0.003; 4000m simulated altitude). Subjects were assigned to either the Hypoxic Confinement: Exercise group (HCE: N=8, two 1 hour training sessions/day at 50% hypoxic peak power output) or the Hypoxic Confinement: Sedentary group (HCS: N=6, no exercise). Subjects were administered the Profile of Mood States (POMS) and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) tests two days prior to hypoxic confinement (D-2), on days 3 (D3), 7 (D7) and 10 (D10) of hypoxic confinement and on the first day of recovery following the confinement period (R+1). The ANOVA repeated measure of the PANAS determined that positive affect differed significantly across the five time measures between HCS and HCE. Bonferroni post hoc analysis revealed that the HCS group elicited a reduction of positive emotion from D-2 to D7 and to D10 with a concomitant increase of negative emotion from D-2 to D10. In addition, an increase of tension from D-2 to D7 and to D10 was revealed in HCS, whereas an increase in tension on D10 was indicated in HCE. Based on the POMS, an increase of depression from D-2 to D7 was found in HCS, whereas no differences were revealed in HCE, among the five time measures. Finally, no significant differences revealed between D10 and R+1 in the PANAS or POMS in either HCS or HCE. The results indicate that in sedentary subjects hypoxic confinement increases tension and negative emotions, and decreases vigor and positive emotions. It is concluded that hypoxia negatively affects the emotional state, but that increasing the level of physical activity ameliorates such feelings.
|
|
