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- Steer, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Acute elevations of medium- and long-chain fatty acids have different impacts on endothelium-dependent vasodilation in humans
- 2003
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Ingår i: Lipids. - : Wiley. - 0024-4201 .- 1558-9307. ; 38:1, s. 15-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has previously been shown that acute elevation of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) impairs endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDV) in humans. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that an elevation of both medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) and LCFA affects the endothelium differently from LCFA elevation alone. Ten healthy volunteers received an intravenous infusion of Structolipid (structured TG, MCFA/LCFA ratio 1:1) and heparin for 2 h, while another 10 subjects received an infusion of Intralipid (LCFA only) and heparin. EDV and endothelium-independent vasodilation (EIDV) were studied in the forearm after local administration of methacholine chloride (2 and 4 microg/min) and sodium nitroprusside (5 and 10 microg/min). Forearm blood flow was determined by venous occlusion plethysmography. Intralipid and heparin increased circulating FA levels from 0.2 +/- 0.1 to 1.4 +/- 0.5 mmol/L (P < 0.001) and reduced EDV by 20% (P < 0.01). Although Structolipid and heparin increased circulating FA levels to a similar extent (from 0.4 +/- 0.1 to 1.8 +/- 0.4 mmol/L after 2 h), EDV was not significantly changed. EIDV increased slightly during both interventions (P < 0.05). In conclusion, an acute elevation of LCFA attenuated EDV, whereas an elevation of both MCFA and LCFA did not influence EDV. Thus, FA composition seems to be of importance for EDV in healthy humans.
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| 2. |
- Steer, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Endothelial vasodilatory function is related to the proportions of saturated fatty acids and alpha-linolenic acid in young men, but not in women
- 2003
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Investigation. - : Wiley. - 0014-2972 .- 1365-2362. ; 33:5, s. 390-396
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Fatty acid composition of serum lipids is associated with cardiovascular disease. As attenuated endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDV) is an early event in atherosclerosis, we investigated the relationships between endothelial vasodilatory function and the proportion of serum fatty acids, reflecting dietary fat quality, in 74 healthy men and women, aged 20-30 years. DESIGN: Endothelium-dependent vasodilation and endothelium-independent vasodilation (EIDV) was studied in the forearm during local administration of methacholine (2 and 4 micro g min-1) and nitroprusside (5 and 10 micro g min-1). Forearm blood flow was determined with venous occlusion plethysmography. An endothelial function index was calculated as the EDV/EIDV ratio. RESULTS: The endothelial function index was inversely related to the total proportion of saturated fatty acids (r = -0.41, P < 0.05), in particular lauric and myristic acid (r = -0.37 and r = -0.36, respectively, P < 0.05 for both), and was positively related to the proportion of alpha-linolenic acid (r = 0.45, P < 0.01) in men only. Total serum nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentration was not significantly related to endothelial vasodilatory function. By multiple stepwise regression analysis, including age, blood pressure, body mass index, and serum cholesterol, triglyceride and NEFA as confounders, myristic acid and alpha-linolenic acid were independent predictors of the endothelial function index in men only (r = -0.39 and r = 0.47, respectively, P < 0.01 for both). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that serum fatty acid composition predicts endothelial vasodilatory dysfunction independently of serum NEFA and cholesterol levels in young, healthy men in their third decade of life, whereas fatty acid composition seems to be less important in women at this age. As a result of the large number of analyses performed, these findings need to be verified by other studies.
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| 3. |
- Steer, Peter
(författare)
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Lipids and Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDV) is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease as well as several of its risk factors. The aim of the present thesis was to investigate how lipids influence EDV in the vascular bed of the human forearm. Apolipoprotein B was inversely associated with both EDV and endothelium-independent vasodilation (EIDV) in healthy subjects aged 20-69 years. HDL cholesterol was associated with the EDV to EIDV ratio (EFI). Small LDL particles and antibodies against oxidized LDL were not associated with endothelial vasodilatory function. The EFI in young, healthy subjects was positively associated with alpha-linolenic acid proportion, but inversely associated with myristic acid in men only. Eicosapentaenoic acid was positively associated with EDV, whereas dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid was inversely associated with both EDV and EIDV in men. Acute elevation of long-chain fatty acids with Intralipid®/heparin infusion in young, healthy subjects impaired EDV after 2 h. This impairment could be prevented by co-infusing vitamin C, diclophenac or L-arginine. Acute elevation of both medium-chain and long-chain fatty acids during Structolipid®/heparin infusion did not impair EDV. An ordinary meal (34 E% fat) transiently attenuated EDV at 1 hour. No attenuation in EDV was observed after meals containing 20 and 3 E% fat. These findings show that the endothelial vasodilatory function is associated with fatty acid profile in serum in the fasting state and during acute fatty acid elevation, as well as with apolipoprotein B and HDL cholesterol. Furthermore, lowering dietary fat content to 20 E% or less preserves endothelial vasodilatory function and might therefore protect against atherosclerosis.
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| 4. |
- Steer, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of a mixed meal on endothelium-dependent vasodilation is dependent on fat content in healthy humans
- 2003
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Ingår i: Clinical Science. - 0143-5221 .- 1470-8736. ; 105:1, s. 81-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDV) is an early marker of atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate how meals with different fat contents influence endothelial vasodilatory function. A total of 26 young, healthy men and women aged 20-30 years ingested an ordinary Western meal [34 energy% (E%) fat, n =10], or isocaloric meals with low-fat (20 E%, n =8), or minimal-fat (3 E%, n =8) content. EDV was assessed as forearm blood flow (FBF) during local administration of 4 microg/min methacholine chloride (Mch-FBF) and endothelium-independent vasodilation as FBF during administration of 10 microg/min sodium nitroprusside (SNP-FBF) at baseline and 1 and 2 h after each meal. FBF was determined by venous occlusion plethysmography. An endothelial function index (EFI) was calculated as the Mch-FBF/SNP-FBF ratio. Both Mch-FBF and the EFI were decreased at 1 h after the 34 E% fat meal ( P <0.01 and P <0.05 respectively), but approached fasting levels after 2 h. Mch-FBF and EFI did not change significantly in the group consuming the 20 E% fat meal, but increased in the 3 E% fat group ( P <0.01 and P <0.05 compared with baseline for Mch-FBF and EFI respectively). SNP-FBF was not significantly affected by any of the meals. In conclusion, low-fat meals did not attenuate EDV, in contrast with an ordinary Western meal, which transiently impaired EDV. Our findings indicate that a dietary fat content of 20 E% or less might be beneficial to endothelial vasodilatory function.
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| 5. |
- Steer, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Vitamin C, diclophenac and L-arginine protect endothelium-dependent vasodilation against elevated circulating fatty acid levels in humans
- 2003
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 168:1, s. 65-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An acute elevation of circulating non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) has previously been shown to impair endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDV). In this study, we investigated if local administration of vitamin C (n=8, 18 mg/min), L-arginine (n=8, 12.5 mg/min), or the cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor diclophenac (n=8, 0.5 mg/min) can counteract the endothelial dysfunction seen during infusion of Intralipid plus heparin (n=10). EDV and endothelium-independent vasodilation (EIDV) were studied in the forearm after local administration of methacholine chloride (Mch; 2 and 4 microg/min) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 5 and 10 microg/min). Forearm blood flow (FBF) was determined with venous occlusion plethysmography. Intralipid and heparin increased circulating NEFA levels sevenfold and impaired EDV (P<0.001 vs baseline). Concomitant administration of L-arginine or diclophenac abolished the NEFA-induced impairment in EDV. Concomitant vitamin C administration actually improved EDV (P<0.05 vs baseline). NEFA elevation increased EIDV (P<0.01), but this effect was not significant after L-arginine or diclophenac infusions. In conclusion, an acute elevation of circulating NEFAs led to impaired EDV. Administration of L-arginine, vitamin C or COX inhibition abolished this effect, suggesting that NEFAs might interact with endothelial vasodilatory function through multiple mechanisms.
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