| 1. |
- Mörtzell Henriksson, Monica, et al.
(author)
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Adverse events in apheresis : an update of the WAA registry data
- 2016
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In: Transfusion and apheresis science. - : Elsevier. - 1473-0502 .- 1878-1683. ; 54:1, s. 2-15
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Apheresis with different procedures and devices are used for a variety of indications that may have different adverse events (AEs). The aim of this study was to clarify the extent and possible reasons of various side effects based on data from a multinational registry. The WAA-apheresis registry data focus on adverse events in a total of 50846 procedures in 7142 patients (42% women). AEs were graded as mild, moderate (need for medication), severe (interruption due to the AE) or death (due to AE). More AEs occurred during the first procedures versus subsequent (8.4 and 5.5%, respectively). AEs were mild in 2.4% (due to access 54%, device 7%, hypotension 15%, tingling 8%), moderate in 3% (tingling 58%, urticaria 15%, hypotension 10%, nausea 3%), and severe in 0.4% of procedures (syncope/hypotension 32%, urticaria 17%, chills/fever 8%, arrhythmia/asystole 4.5%, nausea/vomiting 4%). Hypotension was most common if albumin was used as the replacement fluid, and urticaria when plasma was used. Arrhythmia occurred to similar extents when using plasma or albumin as replacement. In 64% of procedures with bronchospasm, plasma was part of the replacement fluid used. Severe AEs are rare. Although most reactions are mild and moderate, several side effects may be critical for the patient. We present side effects in relation to the procedures and suggest that safety is increased by regular vital sign measurements, cardiac monitoring and by having emergency equipment nearby.
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| 2. |
- Ramsauer, Bernd, et al.
(author)
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Comparing changes in plasma and skin autofluorescence in low-flux versus high-flux hemodialysis
- 2015
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In: International Journal of Artificial Organs. - : SAGE Publications. - 0391-3988 .- 1724-6040. ; 38:9, s. 488-493
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Tissue advanced glycation end products (AGE) are increased in hemodialysis (HD) patients, especially those with cardiovascular complications. Skin autofluorescence (skin-AF) can noninvasively estimate the accumulation of AGE in tissue. The aim was to clarify whether HD using a high-flux (HF) dialyzer favors plasma-or skin-AF removal compared to low-flux (LF) dialysis. Material and methods: 28 patients were treated with either an HF-HD or LF-HD but otherwise unchanged conditions in a cross-over design. A glucose containing dialysate was used. Skin-AF was measured noninvasively with an AGE reader before and after HD. Fluorescence (370 nm/465 nm) of plasma (p-AF) was determined as total and nonprotein-bound fractions. Correction for hemoconcentrations were made using the change in serum albumin. Paired and nonpaired statistical analyses were used. Results: Skin-AF was unchanged after LF- and HF-dialysis. Total, free, and protein-bound p-AF was reduced after a single LF-HD by 21%, 28%, and 17%, respectively (P<.001). After HF HD total and free p-AF was reduced by 5% and 15%, respectively (P<.001), while protein bound values were unchanged. The LF-HD resulted in a more pronounced reduction of p-AF than did HF HD (P<.001). Serum albumin correlated inversely with p-AF in HF-HD. Conclusions: In the dialysis settings used there was no significant change in skin AF after dialysis, with LF or with HF dialysis. Although only limited reduction in plasma fluorescence was observed, this was more pronounced when performing LF dialysis. These data are not in overwhelming support of the use of HF dialysis in the setting used in this study.
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| 3. |
- Ramsauer, Bernd, 1954-
(author)
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Glucose degradation products in patients on hemodialysis : interventional studies
- 2016
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Hemodialysis (HD) is the most frequently used treatment for end-stage renal disease. Despite all efforts to improve the outcomes, the mortality of patients on HD is still high, and this especially is related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Glucose degradation products accumulate in plasma and tissue as a result of oxidative stress in these patients. Such accumulation is strongly related to the risk of developing CVD. Tissue deposits of advanced glycation end products (AGE) can be easily assessed by a skin autofluorescence (SAF) technique. SAF is one of the strongest prognostic markers of mortality in HD patients. The aim of this thesis is to examine whether intervention on HD treatment can reduce the load of AGE of these patients.The aim of the first study was to investigate whether changes in SAF appear after a single HD session and if they might be related to changes in plasma AF. Skin and plasma AF (PAF) were measured before and after HD in 35 patients on maintenance HD therapy. Median dialysis time was 4 h (range 3-5.5). SAF was measured noninvasively with an AGE Reader, and plasma AF was measured before and after HD. The HD patients had on average a 65% higher SAF value than age-matched healthy persons (P < 0.001). PAF was reduced by 14% (P < 0.001), whereas SAF was not changed after a single HD treatment. No significant influence of the reduced PAF on SAF levels was found. This suggests that the measurement of SAF can be performed during the whole dialysis period and is not directly influenced by the changes in plasma AF during HD.In study 2 different dialysis filters were compared to clarify whether using a high-flux (HF) dialyzer favors plasma or SAF removal compared to low-flux (LF) dialyzer. Twenty-eight patients were treated with either an HF-HD or LF-HD but otherwise unchanged conditions in a cross-over design. SAF was measured non-invasively with an AGE reader before and after HD. PAF was determined as total and non-protein-bound fractions. Corrections for hemoconcentrations by volume changes were made using the change in serum albumin. Paired and non-paired statistical analyses were used. The different treatments did not change SAF after LF- and HF-dialysis. Total, free, and protein-bound PAF were reduced after a single LF-HD by 21%, 28%, and 17%, respectively (P<.001). After HF-HD total and free PAF was reduced by 5% and 15%, respectively (P<.001), while protein-bound values were unchanged. The LF-HD resulted in a more pronounced reduction of PAF than did HF-HD (P<.001). Serum albumin correlated inversely with PAF in HF-HD. There was no significant change in SAF after dialysis, either with LF or with HF dialysis. Although only limited reductions in PAF were observed, these were more pronounced when performing LF dialysis. These data are not in overwhelming support of the use of HF dialysis in the setting used in this study.In the third study the effect on SAF was investigated using either glucose-containing or glucose-free dialysate. SAF and PAF were measured in patients on HD during standard treatment with a glucose-containing dialysate (n=24). After that, the patients were switched to a glucose-free dialysate for a 2 week period, and new measurements were performed on PAF and SAF.There was an increase of pre-dialysis SAF measured at the beginning of the study compared with the values one month later (as in study 4). By comparing pre- and post-dialysis values there was a significant decrease of SAF only when using glucose-free dialysate. Free PAF decreased independently whether glucose-containing or glucose-free dialysate was used. The important finding was that increase in SAF seemed possible to slow down using glucose-free dialysate.Study 4 was performed to investigate whether there are seasonal variations in SAF on a HD population. SAF was measured non-invasively with an AGE Reader in patients on HD at different seasonal periods during one year such as February-May (N=31), May–August (N=28), August–March (N=25). SAF was measured before HD. Paired statistical analyses were performed between each two periods. Unexpectedly there was at a median 6% increase in SAF during the winter (p=0.004) and a 11% decrease from 4.0 to 3.5 arbitrary units of the SAF during the summer (p<0.001). The study concluded that SAF shows seasonal variation. The cause of these changes could not be clarified. A beneficial effect may be due to extended exposure to sunlight during the summer and/or to different dietary intakes during the seasons.In conclusion, these interventional studies confirmed that PAF is lowered by dialysis. SAF was only decreased by HD when using glucose-free dialysate. SAF was not influenced by a single HD, with glucose-containing dialysate, independent of using HF or LF filters. These data favor glucose-free dialysate as a possible measure to slow down the progress of tissue AGE compared to glucose-containing dialysate. Longitudinal studies will help to clarify this issue further.
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| 4. |
- Ramsauer, Bernd, et al.
(author)
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Skin- and Plasmaautofluorescence in hemodialysis with glucose-free or glucose-containing dialysate
- 2017
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In: BMC Nephrology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2369. ; 18
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Haemodialysis (HD) patients suffer from an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Skinautofluorescence (SAF) is a strong marker for CVD. SAF indirectly measures tissue advanced glycation end products(AGE) being cumulative metabolites of oxidative stress and cytokine-driven inflammatory reactions. The dialysatesoften contain glucose.Methods: Autofluorescence of skin and plasma (PAF) were measured in patients on HD during standard treatment(ST) with a glucose-containing dialysate (n = 24). After that the patients were switched to a glucose-free dialysate(GFD) for a 2-week period. New measurements were performed on PAF and SAF after 1 week (M1) and 2 weeks(M2) using GFD. Nonparametric paired statistical analyses were performed between each two periods.Results: SAF after HD increased non-significantly by 1.2% while when a GFD was used during HD at M1, a decreaseof SAF by 5.2% (p = 0.002) was found. One week later (M2) the reduction of 1.6% after the HD was not significant(p = 0.33). PAF was significantly reduced during all HD sessions. Free and protein-bound PAF decreased similarlywhether glucose containing or GFD was used. The HD resulted in a reduction of the total PAF of approximately15%, the free compound of 20% and the protein bound of 10%. The protein bound part of PAF correspondedto approximately 56% of the total reduction. The protein bound concentrations after each HD showed thelowest value after 2 weeks using glucose-free dialysate (p < 0.05). The change in SAF could not be related to achange in PAF.Conclusions: When changing to a GFD, SAF was reduced by HD indicating that such measure may hamperthe accumulation and progression of deposits of AGEs to protein in tissue, and thereby also the developmentof CVD. Glucose-free dialysate needs further attention. Protein binding seems firm but not irreversible.
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| 5. |
- Ramsauer, Bernd, 1954-, et al.
(author)
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Skin Autofluorescence, a Measure of Cumulative Metabolic Stress and Advanced Glycation End Products, Decreases During the Summer in Dialysis Patients
- 2019
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In: Artificial Organs. - : Wiley Periodicals, Inc.. - 0160-564X .- 1525-1594. ; 43:2, s. 173-180
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tissue advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a measure of cumulative metabolic and oxidative stress and cytokine-driven inflammatory reactions. AGEs are thought to contribute to the cardiovascular complications of hemodialysis (HD) patients. Skin autofluorescence (SAF) is related to the tissue accumulation of AGEs and rises with age. SAF is one of the strongest prognostic markers of mortality in these patients. The content of AGEs is high in barbecue food. Due to the location in northern Sweden, there is a short intense barbecue season between June and August. The aim of this study was to investigate if seasonal variations in SAF exist in HD patients, especially during the barbecue season. SAF was measured noninvasively with an AGE Reader in 34 HD-patients (15 of those with diabetes mellitus, DM). Each time the median of three measures were used. Skin-AF was measured before and after each one HD at the end of February and May in 31 patients (22 men/9 women); the end of May and August in 28 (20 m/8 w); the end of August and March in 25 (19 m/6 w). Paired statistical analyses were performed during all four periods (n = 23, 17 m/6 w); as was HbA1c of those with DM. There was at a median 5.6% increase in skin-AF during the winter period (February-May, P = 0.004) and a 10.6% decrease in the skin-AF during the summer (May-August, P < 0.001). HbA1c in the DM rose during the summer (P = 0.013). In conclusion, skin-AF decreased significantly during the summer. Future studies should look for favorable factors that prevent skin-AF and subsequently cardiovascular diseases.
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| 6. |
- Stegmayr, Bernd, et al.
(author)
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Distribution of indications and procedures within the framework of centers participating in the WAA apheresis registry
- 2017
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In: Transfusion and apheresis science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1473-0502 .- 1878-1683. ; 56:1, s. 71-74
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The WAA apheresis registry was established in 2003 and an increasing number of centers have since then included their experience and data of their procedures. The registry now contains data of more than 74,000 apheresis procedures in more than 10,000 patients. This report shows that the indications for apheresis procedures are changing towards more oncological diagnoses and stem cell collections from patients and donors and less therapeutic apheresis procedures. In centers that continue to register, the total extent of apheresis procedures and patients treated have expanded during the latest years.
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| 7. |
- Arsov, S., et al.
(author)
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The influence of body mass index on the accumulation of advanced glycation end products in hemodialysis patients
- 2015
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In: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 69:3, s. 309-313
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The level of skin autofluorescence (AF) at a given moment is an independent predictor of mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Skin AF is a measure of the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The aim of the study was to estimate the influence of nutrition on the 1-year increase of skin AF (Delta AF) in HD patients.SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 156 HD patients were enrolled in this study. Skin AF, body mass index (BMI), superoxide dismutase, myeloperoxidase, C-reactive protein, inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1, von Willebrand factor and heart-type fatty acid-binding protein were measured four times at intervals of approximately half a year. Data from the monthly routine blood analysis were also used. Daily calorie, protein and AGE intakes were assessed from food recordings over a period of 1 week.RESULTS: A J-shaped relation was found between baseline BMI and Delta AF (P = 0.01). The lowest point of the J-shaped curve is found for BMI = 24.3 kg/m(2). In the univariate analysis of the contributors to the 1-year Delta AF, we found that beside BMI = 24.3 kg/m(2), AGE and calorie intakes, as well as myeloperoxidase and HD vintage, had a P < 0.10. The sole independent predictor of the 1-year Delta AF was BMI = 24.3 kg/m(2) (P = 0.01).CONCLUSIONS: It appears that calorie, protein and AGE intakes hardly influence the 1-year Delta AF in HD patients. BMI of HD patients of around 24 kg/m(2) resulted in a lower 1-year Delta AF.
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| 8. |
- Duranton, Flore, et al.
(author)
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Blood Pressure Seasonality in Hemodialysis Patients from Five European Cities of Different Latitudes
- 2018
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In: Kidney and Blood Pressure Research. - : S. Karger. - 1420-4096 .- 1423-0143. ; 43:5, s. 1529-1538
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background/Aims: Climate influences the regulation of blood pressure (BP). Our objective was to precisely estimate BP seasonality in hemodialysis (HD) patients from five European cities with marked climate differences. Methods: Stable prevalent HD patients from 5 European facilities (Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Spain), Seville (Spain), Montpellier (France), Ottignies (Belgium), Umea (Sweden)) present over the years 1995-1999 were included in this historical longitudinal observational study. Individual monthly averages of pre-dialysis BP level were computed from all facility BP measurements (>90 000 observations). The association between BP level and location, seasons and meteorological measurements was analyzed by mixed models. Results: 261 patients were included and followed-up for a median duration of 2 years (6903 monthly observations). Pre-dialysis SBP and DBP were minimal in summer (July) and maximal in winter (November and December), and mean changes were respectively 4.2 [3.0;5.4] and 2.0 [1.3;2.7] mmHg. Seasonality was confirmed in 4 locations (P-season <= 0.0010.001 for SBP and DBP), but not in Umea (both P-season >0.05). Seasonal changes in DBP were larger in southern locations (P-interaction =0.02). BP level was associated with climate parameters: in a positive manner with humidity or rainfall, and inversely with sunshine duration or temperature. The effects of temperature and rainfall on DBP varied with latitude (P-interaction <0.02) and were greater in southern locations. Conclusion: BP varies with seasons and climate in different European areas and seasonality can be more important in southern locations. These changes in BP deserve attention as they may be responsible for a significant increase in cardiovascular risk which may be preventable.
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| 9. |
- Engert, Andreas, et al.
(author)
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The European Hematology Association Roadmap for European Hematology Research : a consensus document
- 2016
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In: Haematologica. - Pavia, Italy : Ferrata Storti Foundation (Haematologica). - 0390-6078 .- 1592-8721. ; 101:2, s. 115-208
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The European Hematology Association (EHA) Roadmap for European Hematology Research highlights major achievements in diagnosis and treatment of blood disorders and identifies the greatest unmet clinical and scientific needs in those areas to enable better funded, more focused European hematology research. Initiated by the EHA, around 300 experts contributed to the consensus document, which will help European policy makers, research funders, research organizations, researchers, and patient groups make better informed decisions on hematology research. It also aims to raise public awareness of the burden of blood disorders on European society, which purely in economic terms is estimated at (sic)23 billion per year, a level of cost that is not matched in current European hematology research funding. In recent decades, hematology research has improved our fundamental understanding of the biology of blood disorders, and has improved diagnostics and treatments, sometimes in revolutionary ways. This progress highlights the potential of focused basic research programs such as this EHA Roadmap. The EHA Roadmap identifies nine 'sections' in hematology: normal hematopoiesis, malignant lymphoid and myeloid diseases, anemias and related diseases, platelet disorders, blood coagulation and hemostatic disorders, transfusion medicine, infections in hematology, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. These sections span 60 smaller groups of diseases or disorders. The EHA Roadmap identifies priorities and needs across the field of hematology, including those to develop targeted therapies based on genomic profiling and chemical biology, to eradicate minimal residual malignant disease, and to develop cellular immunotherapies, combination treatments, gene therapies, hematopoietic stem cell treatments, and treatments that are better tolerated by elderly patients.
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| 10. |
- Forsberg, Ulf, et al.
(author)
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Air contamination during medical treatment results in deposits of microemboli in the lungs : an autopsy study
- 2019
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In: International Journal of Artificial Organs. - : Sage Publications. - 0391-3988 .- 1724-6040. ; 42:9, s. 477-481
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Microbubbles of air may enter into patients during conventional hemodialysis, infusions of fluids, or by injections. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the air that enters the patient during hemodialysis can be detected in the lungs after death, and if so, whether this may be related to tissue damage. Methods: The material consisted of lung tissue from five chronic hemodialysis patients who died either during (two) or after hemodialysis (range 10 min from start until 3333 min after the last hemodialysis session); as reference group tissue was taken from seven patients who died due to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The lung tissue was investigated by microscopy after autopsy using a fluorescein-marked polyclonal antibody against fibrinogen as a marker for clots preformed before death. Results: All five hemodialysis patients had microbubbles of air in the lung tissue, whereas two of seven amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients had such findings (Fisher's test p = 0.0278, relative risk = 3.5, confidence interval: 1.08-11.3). There were more microbubbles of air/10 randomly investigated microscopic fields of tissue in the hemodialysis patients than the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients (Student's test, p < 0.05). All hemodialysis patients had a medium graded extent of pulmonary fibrosis that was not found in any of the ALS patients. The microbubbles of air were surrounded by fibrin as a sign of development of clots around the air bubbles while the patients were still alive. Conclusion: Exposure to microbubbles of air during various treatments such as hemodialysis may result in microemboli. Future studies should clarify whether microbubbles of air contribute to tissue scarring. We suggest preventive measures against the exposure to microbubbles of air during especially repeated exposures such as hemodialysis.
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