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- Falahati-Anbaran, Mohsen, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic consequences of seed banks in the perennial herb Arabidopsis lyrata subsp. petraea (Brassicaceae)
- 2011
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Ingår i: American Journal of Botany. - : Wiley. - 0002-9122 .- 1537-2197. ; 98:9, s. 1475-1485
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Premise of the Study: Seed banks may increase the effective population size (N(e)) of plants as a result of elevated coalescence times for alleles residing in the populations. This has been empirically demonstrated in populations of the annual Arabidopsis thaliana, whereas comparable data for perennial species are currently lacking. We studied the contribution of seed banks to effective sizes of natural populations of the self-incompatible, perennial Arabidopsis lyrata subsp. petraea, a close relative of A. thaliana. Methods: Fourteen populations of A. lyrata collected throughout the Norwegian distribution range were analyzed using micro-satellite markers. Key Results: The genetic composition of seed-bank and aboveground cohorts was found to be highly similar, with little genetic differentiation between cohorts in most populations. However, the proportion of private alleles was higher in aboveground than in seed-bank cohorts. The presence of seed banks significantly increased total N(e), but the contribution from seed banks to overall N(e) were lower than the contribution from aboveground cohorts in most populations. Estimated historical N(e) values, reflecting the effective sizes of populations throughout the history of the species, were considerably higher than estimates of contemporary N(e), reflecting number of reproducing individuals within the past few generations. Conclusions: The results show that the seed bank contributes to total N(e) in the perennial herb A. lyrata. However, the contribution is similar to or lower than that of the above-ground fraction of the population and markedly weaker than that previously documented in the annual A. thaliana.
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| 2. |
- Stenoien, Hans K., et al.
(författare)
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North american origin and recent European establishments of the amphi-atlantic peat moss sphagnum angermanicum
- 2011
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Ingår i: Evolution. - : Wiley. - 0014-3820 .- 1558-5646. ; 65:4, s. 1181-1194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic and morphological similarity between populations separated by large distances may be caused by frequent long-distance dispersal or retained ancestral polymorphism. The frequent lack of differentiation between disjunct conspecific moss populations on different continents has traditionally been explained by the latter model, and has been cited as evidence that many or most moss species are extremely ancient and slowly diverging. We have studied intercontinental differentiation in the amphi-Atlantic peat moss Sphagnum angermanicum using 23 microsatellite markers. Two major genetic clusters are found, both of which occur throughout the distributional range. Patterns of genetic structuring and overall migration patterns suggest that the species probably originated in North America, and seems to have been established twice in Northern Europe during the past 40,000 years. We conclude that similarity between S. angermanicum populations on different continents is not the result of ancient vicariance and subsequent stasis. Rather, the observed pattern can be explained by multiple long-distance dispersal over limited evolutionary time. The genetic similarity can also partly be explained by incomplete lineage sorting, but this appears to be caused by the short time since separation. Our study adds to a growing body of evidence suggesting that Sphagnum, constituting a significant part of northern hemisphere biodiversity, may be more evolutionary dynamic than previously assumed.
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