| 1. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2012
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swepub:Mat__t (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Sanner, Inga
(författare)
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Inledning : Upplysningen och dess kritiker
- 2014
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Ingår i: Upplysningskritik. - Stockholm/Höör : Symposion Brutus Östlings bokförlag. - 9789187483080
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Coyne, Karin S, et al.
(författare)
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Urinary Incontinence and its Relationship to Mental Health and Health-Related Quality of Life in Men and Women in Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
- 2012
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Ingår i: European urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7560 .- 0302-2838. ; 61:1, s. 88-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Differences in health burden associated with urinary incontinence (UI) subtypes have been previously described, but the majority of studies are in women. Additional research is needed to examine the prevalence and burden of UI subtype including postmicturition incontinence, nocturnal enuresis, coital incontinence, and incontinence for unspecified reasons. OBJECTIVE: Examine the burden of UI in men and women in Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Secondary analyses of the Epidemiology of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (EpiLUTS), a cross-sectional Internet survey, were performed. Participants who reported UI were categorized as (1) urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) only, (2) stress urinary incontinence (SUI) only, (3) mixed urinary incontinence (MUI), (4) UUI plus other incontinence (OI), (5) SUI plus OI, or (6) OI. Differences in health outcomes across UI groups were explored by gender using descriptive statistics and general linear models. MEASUREMENTS: Outcomes included treatment seeking for urinary symptoms, perception of bladder condition, depression, anxiety, and health-related quality of life (HRQL). RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Of 14 140 men and 15 860 women, 6479 men (45.8%) and 10 717 women (67.6%) reported UI. The most prevalent UI subgroups were OI in men and SUI in women. MUI and SUI plus OI had the greatest treatment seeking among men, whereas MUI and UUI plus OI had the greatest treatment seeking among women. Men with MUI had the highest rates of anxiety, followed by those with UUI plus OI and SUI plus OI, and OI with a similar trend observed for depression. Anxiety and depression were highest in SUI plus OI and MUI women. MUI and UUI plus OI men and women had significantly lower HRQL compared with other UI groups. CONCLUSIONS: UI is common in men and women aged >40. Individuals with UUI combined with SUI or OI bear a greater mental health burden and report poorer HRQL.
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| 4. |
- Fallgren, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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An Optimization Approach to Joint Cell and Power Allocation in Wireless Communication Networks
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Since the seminal paper by Knopp and Humblet that showed that the system throughput of a singlecell system is maximized if only one terminal transmits at a time, there has been a large interest in opportunistic communications and its relation to various fairness measures. On the other hand, in multicell systems there is a need to allocate transmission power such that some overall utility function is maximized typically under fairness constraints. Furthermore, in multicell systems the degree of resource allocation freedom includes the serving cell selection that allows for load balancing and thereby the efficient use of radio resources. In this paper we formulate the joint serving cell selection (link selection) and power allocation problem as an optimization task whose purpose is to maximize either the minimum user throughput or the multicellsum throughput. The max-min problem and a simplified max throughput problem are both NP-hard and we therefore propose heuristic solution approaches. We present numerical results that give new and valuable insights into the trade off between fair and sum throughput optimal joint resource allocation strategies.
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| 5. |
- Johnson, Maarit
(författare)
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Patterns of extreme responses to items in self-esteem scales : Does conceptualisation and item content matter?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 55:5, s. 622-625
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Self-esteem (SE) scales are particularly susceptible for various response-sets. Systematic response alterations, often mirroring self-presentational item characteristics, can be triggered differentially depending on the content of items in a scale. The present study examined extreme responding to items in the global SE scale (Rosenberg, 1965) and the basic SE scale (Forsman & Johnson, 1996). The results showed that global SE scores were determined to a higher extent by extreme responses, in particular rejecting negative item content, than basic self-esteem scores. The implications of self-presentation contra self-esteem for an asymmetry in response patterns between the two scales are discussed.
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| 6. |
- Nihlén Fahlquist, Jessica, 1976-
(författare)
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Moral responsibility and the ethics of traffic safety
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The general aim of this thesis is to present and analyse traffic safety from an ethical perspective and to explore some conceptual and normative aspects of moral responsibility. Paper I presents eight ethical problem areas that should be further analysed in relation to traffic safety. Paper II is focused on the question of who is responsible for traffic safety, taking the distribution of responsibility adopted through the Swedish policy called Vision Zero as its starting point. It is argued that a distinction should be made between backwardlooking and forward-looking responsibility and that Vision Zero should be understood in terms of this distinction. Paper III discusses responsibility ascriptions in relation to public health problems like obesity and lung cancer. It is argued that what makes discussions about who is responsible for such problems complicated is that we have two aims when ascribing responsibility to someone. First, we want responsibility ascriptions to be fair and morally justified. Second, we also want to achieve progress and solve problems through ascribing responsibility to someone. It is argued that the two aims influence debates concerning who is responsible for problems like obesity and lung cancer and that we should attempt at striking a balance that is both perceived as fair and that is efficient. Paper IV discusses two potential arguments against the suggestion that alcohol interlocks should be mandatory in all cars, namely 1) that it displaces the responsibility of individual drivers, and 2) that it constitutes a paternalistic interference with drivers. The first objection is found unconvincing, while the second only has limited bite and may be neutralized if paternalism is accepted for the sake of greater net liberty. It is argued that if technological development can make mandatory interlocks cost-efficient, the policy seems a commendable public health measure. In Paper V, the question discussed is to what extent individuals should be ascribed moral responsibility for the environmentally damaging consequences of their actions. It is argued that responsibility depends on the reasonableness of the alternatives open to an individual when acting. The lack of reasonable alternatives should reduce the degree of individual responsibility.
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| 7. |
- Nihlén Fahlquist, Jessica, 1976-
(författare)
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Moral Responsibility and Risk in Society : Examples from emerging technologies, public health and environment
- 2018
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Risks, including health and technological, attract a lot of attention in modern societies, from individuals as well as policy-makers. Human beings have always had to deal with dangers, but contemporary societies conceptualise these dangers as risks, indicating that they are to some extent controllable and calculable. Conceiving of dangers in this way implies a need to analyse how we hold people responsible for risks and how we can and should take responsibility for risks.Moral Responsibility and Risk in Society combines philosophical discussion of different concepts and notions of responsibility with context-specific applications in the areas of health, technology and environment. The book consists of two parts addressing two crucial aspects of risks and responsibility: holding agents responsible, i.e. ascribing and distributing responsibility for risks, and taking responsibility for risk. More specifically, the book discusses the values of fairness and efficacy in responsibility distributions and makes distinctions between backward-looking and forward-looking responsibility as well as individual and collective responsibility. Additionally, it analyses what it means to take responsibility for technological risks, conceptualising this kind of responsibility as a virtue, and furthermore, explores the notion of responsible risk communication and the implications for adult-child relationships.This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of environmental ethics, bioethics, public health ethics, engineering ethics, philosophy of risk and moral philosophy.
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| 8. |
- Stenzelius, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Bowel function among people 75+ reporting faecal incontinence in relation to help seeking, dependency and quality of life.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 1365-2702 .- 0962-1067. ; 16:3, s. 458-468
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims and objectives. The aim was to compare faecal incontinence and related bowel symptoms among men and women and being dependent or not (aged ≥75 years) and furthermore to identify which bowel symptoms predicted help seeking, dependency and low quality of life (QoL). Background. Faecal incontinence (FI) in old age is a common condition and influences daily life to a great extent, although few actually seek medical help. Methods. A total of 248 people with reported difficulties controlling faeces answered a postal questionnaire or were interviewed with questions about FI-related bowel symptoms. A factor analysis resulted in four areas of bowel symptoms and was used in logistic regression with help seeking, dependency and low QoL as dependent variables. Results. Of all the subjects, 56·4% had leakage, 54·7% did not reach the toilet in time, 55·6% had incomplete emptying, 27·9% had hard stool, 36·8% bother from moisture from the anus, 32·2% could not withstand urgency for five minutes and 17% had red skin or wounds in the genital region. Women and those dependent were most affected. Totally 40·8% had sought help and 30·1% used protective aids. Leakage, discomfort, consistency and contractibility symptoms were the categories of bowel symptoms related to FI. Discomfort predicted help seeking (OR 3·0), dependency (OR 1·5) and physical QoL (OR 1·7). Leakage predicted help seeking (OR 1·9) but not dependency and QoL. Conclusions. Overall bowel function was disturbed among those with FI and unmet needs seem problematic especially for women and those needing help in Activities of Daily Living (ADL). Encouragement to seek and get medical help and to use protective aids may improve the very low quality of life in this group. Relevance to clinical practice. Older people with FI should be asked about, assessed for and examined for overall bowel function to get adequate treatment and be encouraged to use protection.
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