| 1. |
- Cato, Ingemar, et al.
(författare)
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Gerard De Geer - a pioneer in Quaternary geology in Scandinavia
- 2012
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Ingår i: Baltica. - : Association of Lithuanian Serials (Publications). - 0067-3064. ; 25:1, s. 1-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper presents a pioneer in Quaternary geology, both internationally and in Scandinavia - the Swedish geologist and professor Gerard De Geer (1858-1943). This is done, first by highlighting one of his most important contributions to science - the varve chronology - a method he used to describe the Weichselian land ice recession over Scandinavia, and secondly by the re publication of a summary article on Gerard De Geer's early scientific achievement in 1881-1906 related to the Baltic Sea geology, written by his wife, Ebba Hult De Geer.
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| 2. |
- Göransson, Gunnel, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of climate change and natural hazard on the quality of surface waters
- 2012
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Ingår i: 4th Join Nordic Meeting on Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Sept. 18-21, Oslo.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Climate change increased rainfall and increased risk of rising groundwater levels in urban areas and its impact on the pollution of urban water has received little attention until now. As well has the impact from natural hazards on the distribution and spreading of pollutant received little attention. This short paper for the NORDROCS 2012 conference summarises the result from two projects that aims to highlight these issues.
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| 3. |
- Lavers Westin, Alexandra, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Regional Relative Risk Ranking of Diffuse Pollution Sources in an Urban Environment, Gothenburg (Sweden)
- 2012
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Ingår i: 12th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM, Albena, Bulgaria. - : Stef92 Technology. - 1314-2704.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Complex urban environments are not easily described in terms of ecological risks. Relative regional risk ranking (developed by W.G. Landis) summarizes the impact of multiple parameters within a region considering their source and distribution. As part of the EU Interreg project (DiPol; homepage http://www.tu-harburg.de/iue/dipol.html), the regional relative risk ranking analysis in Gothenburg evaluates several diffuse pollution sources including agriculture, industry, forestry, recreation, surface water runoff, waste water treatment plants, and maritime shipping in the area in regards to geographical distribution and perceived risk and impact. The model combines sources, stressors, habitats, and indicators and allows the user to rank the relationships between these. The model output can help determine the highest at-risk regions within an area as well as the significant sources of diffuse pollution in order to prioritize remediation or mitigation measures. Our analysis focuses on the rivers and streams in Gothenburg, specifically looking at the Göta älv River, and the tributary streams Säve ån, Mölndals ån, Kvillebäcken, as well as the estuary at the mouth of Göta älv River. The highest risk to the indicators (bathing water quality, environmental water quality, and sediment quality) is suggested to be largely dependent on which region one looked at, but the highest relative risk is associated with surface water runoff, industry, and agriculture. However, the estuary is more highly affected by discharges from the city waste water treatment plant. As a decision-making tool, these results need to be evaluated with cost benefit and stakeholder concerns. In this project, a system analysis (“Sensitivity model”) was carried out to make these connections and to highlight the possible mitigation alternatives. In addition, GIS models for contaminant fluxes and site-specific loading along the urban waterways are used to complement the conclusions from relative risk ranking to balance, for instance, the use of local infiltration, treatment and direct discharge of surface runoff, one of the main sources of diffuse pollution. These models and quantitative assessments illustrate an integration of scientific and end-user perspectives, especially important for complex urban systems.
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| 4. |
- Mil-homens, Mario, et al.
(författare)
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Comparing spatial and temporal changes in metal trends (Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn) on the Portuguese shelf since the 1970s
- 2014
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Ingår i: Environmental Monitoring & Assessment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-6369 .- 1573-2959. ; 186:10, s. 6327-6340
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comparison between an archive dataset, collected during the 1970s (1974–1977), and samples taken during the PALEO1 cruise (2002) enabled evaluation of large-scale and long-term spatiotemporal changes in major (Al) and metals (Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn) in bulk surface sediments (<2 mm fractions) in four areas of the Portuguese continental shelf, using the so-called Gradient Method and normalising to Al, a proxy for terrigenous clay content. From north to south, these were situated in the north-western (offshore the Ave and Douro rivers), central (offshore the Lis River) and south-western (offshore the Mira River) shelf sectors, all sampled in both the 1970s and in 2002, and the southern (offshore Algarve) sector, sampled only in the 1970s. One-way Anova ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to identify differences among study areas and periods of sample collection. Despite a A comparison of metal contents in 2002 samples with the Portuguese classification scheme used to regulate dredged materials (CSURDredMat) deposition in coastal areas (CSURDredMat) sediment environmental, indicatesing good environmental quality in terms of Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn levels., Nevertheless, the GM results suggest an increase in metal loadings relative to Al in the 2002 samples (except for Pb) since the 1970s. The Algarve area on the southern shelf is characterized by having high number of sites with metals level corresponded to class 2, explained justified by the occurrence of a substantial natural metal enrichment resulting supply from drainage by the Guadiana, Tinto and Odiel rivers (Spanish rivers) in the drainage areas of the Iberian Pyrite Belt formations. This supply has, probably been magnified by present and past mining activities. For quality evaluation of marine sediments, especially when using total metal contents, this study shows the importance of considering all the sources of metal loading. and tThe natural grain-size and composition variability since these features are also crucially influential on the metal contents and the combined evaluation allows a more holistic perspective.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Persson, Martin, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Parameterization in Quick Clay Modeling – Introducing Stratigraphic Detail
- 2010
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Ingår i: Abstracts and Proceedings of the Geological Society of Norway - 29th Nordic Geological Winter Meeting.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Quick clay landslides are a potential hazard in southwestern Sweden. While the general theory of formation is well developed, spatial modeling of the processes and different factors controlling the clay leaching and the resulting quick clay properties has largely been neglected. We suggest a modeling approach aiming to specify the relative importance of different factors and their spatial and stratigraphic variance related to quick clay formation. The model should ultimately combine stratigraphic data from more than 200 Swedish geotechnical site investigations. Together with quick clay theory and knowledge about sedimentary paleoenvironments and processes, the model will predict quick clay distribution, or at least sites with favorable conditions for its development. Identified factors have been grouped together in the following sets: groundwater flux, exposure to leaching, time available for leaching, textural character and geochemical properties of the pore fluid. These groups have been weighted by importance and further subdivided. The importance of each subfactor has been derived from stratigraphic, geotechnical and geomorphologic data using factor analysis. To be able to compare different factors, utility functions have been constructed to translate observed values into a uniform scale ranging from 0-1, where 0 indicates no elevated probability and 1 means that the factor range is optimum for quick clay formation. This step of the process is largely statistical. A single factor’s weight and utility score are multiplied to express the factor’s possibility to affect the system. When combining the weights and utilities for all factors the final score describes the possibility for leaching and thus quick clay development at a specific site. Utilizing knowledge of quick clay formation and stratigraphic data allows an improved landslide susceptibility modeling in areas with known or unknown prerequisites for quick clay formation. The factors ratings and the interdependence between them was, in part, used in selecting and refining these parameters for GIS modeling. Type settings with high probability for quick clay formation have been defined from the statistical factor weighting. The overall goal is to improve today’s landslide susceptibility mapping by quantifying the site-specific prerequisites for quick clay formation.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Persson, Martin, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial quick-clay predictions using multi-criteria evaluation in SW Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: Landslides. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1612-510X .- 1612-5118. ; 11:2, s. 263-279
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transformation of marine and glaciomarine clay deposits into high sensitive and quick clays is largely dependent on the influence of local and regional geologic history and the resulting stratigraphy. The general conditions that facilitate quick-clay development are well known from numerous laboratory investigations during the last century, but their local and regional in-field variation is less understood. In this study, the geographic distribution of quick clay in SW Sweden is predicted using a multicriteria evaluation model that incorporates both qualitative information (established theory and expert judgment concerning the influences on both quick-clay development and the stratigraphic and geomorphologic distribution of sediment types) and observational data (maps of surficial deposits, geotechnical records and digital elevation data). This information duality cannot be avoided if knowledge from different disciplines is utilized. Considering this, model transparency is important for improvements and for characterizing its reliability for risk analysis. The model was constructed stepwise by an initial parameterization with subsequent hierarchical structuring, weighting and standardization of criteria, before running the full analysis. Comparisons between regional model results and geotechnically documented localities have yielded promising results concerning the model's ability to predict general trends. However, the large natural and site-specific variability of clay sensitivities is not always captured by the model. These deviations are examined and suggestions are given for minimizing their effect. Applications of model methodology and results are briefly discussed.
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| 10. |
- Stevens, Rodney, 1951
(författare)
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Environmental assessment using quantitative provenance
- 2012
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Ingår i: 12th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM, Albena, Bulgaria 17-23 June 2012. - : Stef92 Technology. - 1314-2704.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quantitative provenance provides a valuable, site-specific perspective for environmental modelling and assessment, complementing “end-of-pipe” observations tend to treat basins as a whole. Detailed mineralogical and grain-size distributions also allow interpretations of transport pathways, site dynamics, and source-to-deposit relations. Three case studies from the Baltic Sea are summarized. 1) The Ventspils Harbor (Latvia) is a straightforward mixing of two, well defined sources within an estuary-harbor setting. Sand transport modes and directional interpretations are derived from textural trends. 2) Three main sediment sources are recognized in the silt and clay fraction of sandy deposits along the coast of Lithuania. The sources are interpreted from literature information, but further specified by back-calculation of characteristic minerals in the resulting deposits. 3) During the Holocene, the Landsort Deep has received varying amounts of fine-grained sediments from glacial meltwaters, land runoff (mainly soil erosion) and sea-floor erosion. These are partitioned over time using trends in the mineralogy connected to the conceptual model of source compositions. The objectives of environmental assessment should ideally include the source identification, mass-flux budgets and process modeling from provenance studies whenever possible. Therefore, simple and common sediment parameters (mineralogy and grain size) have a lot to give beyond their traditional role in geology.
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