| 1. |
- Nilsson, Å., et al.
(författare)
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Olsalazine versus sulphasalazine for relapse prevention in ulcerative colitis : A multicenter study
- 1995
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Ingår i: American Journal of Gastroenterology. - 0002-9270 .- 1572-0241. ; 90:3, s. 381-387
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To compare the relapse-preventing effect and the frequency of adverse events of olsalazine and sulphasalazine in sulphasalazine-tolerant patients with ulcerative colitis. METHODS: Patients in remission, with at least two episodes of active disease during the last 5 yr, were randomized to 2 g of sulphasalazine or 1 g of olsalazine daily and were followed for 6-18 months. Relapse rates in the two groups were compared using frequency and life-table analysis. Sixty-nine patients with proctitis, 140 with left-sided colitis, and 113 with subtotal or total colitis were evaluated. RESULTS: In the intention-to-treat analysis, the failure rate (relapses plus withdrawals) was 54.7% in the olsalazine and 47.2% in the sulphasalazine group. In the per-protocol analysis excluding withdrawals, 44.7% relapsed in the olsalazine and 39.3% in the sulphasalazine group. Remission curves did not differ significantly, although at all time intervals the frequency of remission was slightly higher in the sulphasalazine group (p = 0.19 in the intention-to-treat analysis and p = 0.42 in the per-protocol analysis estimated by the log-rank test). Twelve patients (of whom five had diarrhea) in the olsalazine group versus eight patients in the sulphasalazine group discontinued the study because of side effects. CONCLUSION: The relapse-preventing effect of olsalazine and sulphasalazine in sulphasalazine-tolerant patients did not differ. Furthermore, the tolerability of olsalazine, particularly concerning diarrhea, appears to be better than previously reported.
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| 2. |
- Budrikis, A, et al.
(författare)
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Function of adult pig hearts after 2 and 12 hours of cold cardioplegic preservation
- 1998
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Ingår i: Annals of Thoracic Surgery. - 1552-6259. ; 66:1, s. 73-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Most cardioplegic solutions have been developed using the classic Langendorf heart perfusion model, which only allows a short experimental follow-up. Our aim was to investigate hearts after prolonged storage by using a physiologic model including prolonged perfusion with normal, fresh blood. METHODS: Sixteen hearts from 60-kg pigs were preserved with dextran-enriched (dextran-40, 35 g/L) St. Thomas' solution for 2 or 12 hours after which they were continuously reperfused for 12 hours with normal blood, supplied by a support pig. A flexible balloon, fixed to an artificial valve apparatus connected to a circuit system, was inserted in the left ventricle for obtaining measurements of hemodynamic performance. RESULTS: During the first 3 to 4 hours of reperfusion there was no significant difference in left ventricular developed pressure, cardiac output, minute work output, or oxygen consumption between the two groups. After this time left ventricular developed pressure (p < 0.001), cardiac output (p < 0.01), minute work output (p < 0.01), and oxygen consumption were significantly lower in the 12-hour group. Coronary flow was higher (p < 0.01) and coronary vascular resistance lower (p < 0.01) during the first 5 to 6 hours of reperfusion in the 12-hour group. After 12 hours of reperfusion coronary vascular resistance was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the 12-hour group. CONCLUSIONS: High-degree and long-lasting coronary hyperemia at the beginning of reperfusion can be a sign of unsatisfactory preservation of the heart. This investigation shows the importance of reperfusion with normal blood and a long follow-up period after postischemic reperfusion when studying the effect of cardioplegic solutions.
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| 3. |
- Eliasson, Björn, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Smoking cessation improves insulin sensitivity in healthy middle-aged men
- 1997
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Ingår i: Eur J Clin Invest. - 0014-2972. ; 27:5, s. 450-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cigarette smokers have recently been shown to exhibit insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and markers of the insulin resistance syndrome (IRS). The aim of this study was to examine the effects of smoking cessation on insulin sensitivity and IRS. Forty male, non-obese healthy smokers participated in this open parallel study with 8 weeks of follow-up. Seventeen subjects were able to stop smoking, while 23 subjects continued to smoke and served as a controls group. Anthropometric and metabolic data were measured. Degree of insulin sensitivity was determined with the euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp technique. Smoking cessation increased insulin sensitivity and improved the lipoprotein profile in spite of a modest increase in body weight. Initial smoking habits correlated positively with the increase in BMI as well as the improvements in the metabolic variables after smoking cessation. These data support the view that smoking causes insulin resistance and IRS, and also demonstrate that the beneficial metabolic effects of smoking cessation override the effects of an accompanying modest increase in body weight.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Forsberg, Bertil, et al.
(författare)
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Daily air pollution levels and acute asthma in southern Sweden
- 1998
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - Copenhagen : Munksgaard Forlag. - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 12:4, s. 900-905
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to investigate the association between daily air pollution levels and the occurrence of acute respiratory signs and symptoms among people with asthma or asthma-like problems.Thirty eight subjects in the southern Swedish city of Landskrona kept a daily diary for 10 weeks. The daily prevalence of symptoms, supplementary bronchodilator use and peak flow deviations were compared with measurements of environmental nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide, temperature and humidity in the city.The occurrence of severe asthma, both during the day and during the evening, was significantly positively associated with the concurrent 24 h average concentration of NO2, which never exceeded 72 microg x m(-3). A correlation of borderline significance was found between the use of on-demand medication and the NO2 level. However, peak flow deviations were not associated with air pollution or weather conditions, which may be explained by the beneficial effect of bronchodilators used by 28 of the subjects.The results of this study confirm those of some earlier studies and suggest that aggravation of asthma is related to daily variations in air quality, as indicated by relatively low ambient concentrations of nitrogen dioxide. These results also indicate that it may be appropriate to examine severe asthma symptoms separately.
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| 6. |
- Hagell, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Sequential bilateral transplantation in Parkinson's disease: effects of the second graft
- 1999
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Ingår i: Brain. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2156. ; 122:6, s. 1121-1132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Five parkinsonian patients who had received implants of human embryonic mesencephalic tissue unilaterally in the striatum 10-56 months earlier were grafted with tissue from four to eight donors into the putamen (four patients) or the putamen plus the caudate nucleus (one patient) on the other side, and were followed for 18-24 months. After 12-18 months, PET showed a mean 85% increase in 6-L-[18F]fluorodopa uptake in the putamen with the second graft, whereas there was no significant further change in the previously transplanted putamen. Two patients exhibited marked additional improvements after their second graft: 'on-off' fluctuations virtually disappeared, movement speed increased, and L-dopa could be withdrawn in one patient and reduced by 70% in the other. The improvement in one patient was moderate. Two patients with atypical features, who responded poorly to the first graft, worsened following the second transplantation. These findings indicate that sequential transplantation in patients does not compromise the survival and function of either the first or the second graft. Moreover, putamen grafts that restore fluorodopa uptake to normal levels can give improvements of major therapeutic value.
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| 9. |
- Krook, R., et al.
(författare)
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Some Effects of Press Drying on Paper Properties
- 1996
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - 0283-2631. ; 11:3, s. 141-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of high temperature pressing on paper properties was investigated. Handsheets made of TMP, bleached and unbleached kraft pulp were pressed in a press simulator with the press surface heated to 300°C. The density, tensile strength and air permeance of the press dried sheets are compared with the values for conventionally pressed and dried reference sheets. The compression behaviour and the dryness increase of the sheets pressed at high temperature were also investigated. It was found that the compressibility of the sheets was significantly increased if the hot surface temperature was increased from 250°C to 100°C. A further increase to 300°C gave only a minor compressibility increase. The increase in density and tensile index for the press dried sheets is higher for the high yield, low refined sheets than for the bleached kraft sheets. The air permeance of the press dried sheets was significantly lower than that of the conventionally pressed and dried sheets for TMP and for the low refined unbleached kraft. The bleached sheets showed the reverse behaviour and the air permeance was higher after press drying. A hypothesis to explain this is presented.
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| 10. |
- Krook, R, et al.
(författare)
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Temperature gradients and heat flux measurements in hot pressing of paper
- 1998
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Ingår i: Experimental Heat Transfer. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0891-6152 .- 1521-0480. ; 11:3, s. 221-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Impulse drying was simulated with a platen press equipped with a heated pressing head. The heat transferred to the wet paper sheet and the temperature gradient achieved in the thickness direction of the sheet during the press pulse were measured. The influence of the basis weight, the applied pressure, and the hot surface temperature on the temperature gradient and the total amount of heat transferred was investigated. It was found that at or below 0.5 MPa peak pressure, the wet paper sheet temperature never reaches temperatures significantly above 100 degrees C even if the applied hot surface temperature is as high as 300 degrees C. This is because almost all the load in this case is carried by the fiber network, leading to hydraulic pressures close to atmospheric. At higher press loads only the part of the wet paper sheet closest to the hot surface was heated to temperatures above 100 degrees C. The peak heat fluxes were in the range 2-8 MW/m(2), with the time-average heat flux being 0.8-3 MW/m(2) at surface temperatures ranging from 100 to 300 degrees C. The heat transfer increases with increased pressure at pressures below 3 MPa and surface temperatures above 150 degrees C, but at higher press loads or lower surface temperatures the applied pressure has a very minor influence on the heat transferred to the sheet. The basis weight was not seen to have any influence on the heat transferred.
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