| 1. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 2. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
-
A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
-
Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Porth, Oliver, et al.
(författare)
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The Event Horizon General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Code Comparison Project
- 2019
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series. - : American Astronomical Society. - 1538-4365 .- 0067-0049. ; 243:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent developments in compact object astrophysics, especially the discovery of merging neutron stars by LIGO, the imaging of the black hole in M87 by the Event Horizon Telescope, and high- precision astrometry of the Galactic Center at close to the event horizon scale by the GRAVITY experiment motivate the development of numerical source models that solve the equations of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRMHD). Here we compare GRMHD solutions for the evolution of a magnetized accretion flow where turbulence is promoted by the magnetorotational instability from a set of nine GRMHD codes: Athena++, BHAC, Cosmos++, ECHO, H-AMR, iharm3D, HARM-Noble, IllinoisGRMHD, and KORAL. Agreement among the codes improves as resolution increases, as measured by a consistently applied, specially developed set of code performance metrics. We conclude that the community of GRMHD codes is mature, capable, and consistent on these test problems.
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| 5. |
- Kun-Rodrigues, Celia, et al.
(författare)
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A comprehensive screening of copy number variability in dementia with Lewy bodies.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Neurobiology of aging. - : Elsevier BV. - 1558-1497 .- 0197-4580. ; 75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of genetic variability in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is now indisputable; however, data regarding copy number variation (CNV) in this disease has been lacking. Here, we used whole-genome genotyping of 1454 DLB cases and 1525 controls to assess copy number variability. We used 2 algorithms to confidently detect CNVs, performed a case-control association analysis, screened for candidate CNVs previously associated with DLB-related diseases, and performed a candidate gene approach to fully explore the data. We identified 5 CNV regions with a significant genome-wide association to DLB; 2 of these were only present in cases and absent from publicly available databases: one of the regions overlapped LAPTM4B, a known lysosomal protein, whereas the other overlapped the NME1 locus and SPAG9. We also identified DLB cases presenting rare CNVs in genes previously associated with DLB or related neurodegenerative diseases, such as SNCA, APP, and MAPT. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting genome-wide CNVs in a large DLB cohort. These results provide preliminary evidence for the contribution of CNVs in DLB risk.
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| 6. |
- Kun-Rodrigues, Celia, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of C9orf72 repeat expansions in a large international cohort of dementia with Lewy bodies
- 2017
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Ingår i: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-4580 .- 1558-1497. ; 49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- . C9orf72 repeat expansions are a common cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. To date, no large-scale study of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) has been undertaken to assess the role of . C9orf72 repeat expansions in the disease. Here, we investigated the prevalence of . C9orf72 repeat expansions in a large cohort of DLB cases and identified no pathogenic repeat expansions in neuropathologically or clinically defined cases, showing that . C9orf72 repeat expansions are not causally associated with DLB.
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| 7. |
- Malukiewicz, Joanna, et al.
(författare)
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Application of PE-RADSeq to the study of genomic diversity and divergence of two Brazilian marmoset species (Callithrix jacchus and C-penicillata)
- 2017
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Ingår i: American Journal of Primatology. - : WILEY. - 0275-2565 .- 1098-2345. ; 79:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Callithrix jacchus and C. penicillata are among the smallest anthropoid primates, are highly specialized tree gougers, and largely occupy Brazil's most extreme, semi-arid biomes. However, the underlying genomic factors that underpin the evolution of these species and their unique traits are under-investigated. Additionally, exotic populations of these two species are widely established throughout Brazil and hybridize with threatened native congers. Thus, both genomic and conservation factors call for a better understanding of C. jacchus and C. penicillata evolution. Here, we applied PE-RADseq to characterize genomic variation in these two species, using six C. jacchus and seven C. penicillata individuals. We identified an average of 7,463 and 5,180 SNPs/individual in C. penicillata and C. jacchus, respectively, and also found 1,395 variable sites that were represented in both species. C. penicillata showed overall higher levels of genetic diversity than C. jacchus at the variable sites present in both species. Additionally, among these variable sites, 106 showed relative interspecific divergence levels that were significantly higher than the genome-wide average. We further compared relative and absolute divergence for C. penicillata and C. jacchus between RAD loci associated with the 106 significantly diverged variable sites and all other RAD loci present in both species. The former RAD loci set showed significantly elevated relative and absolute divergence measures in comparison to the latter set. This convergence suggests that C. jacchus and C. penicillata may have diverged under a scenario of gene flow under secondary contact. Here, we demonstrate that RADseq is an efficient method to simultaneously discover and genotype a large number of markers and validate the utility of RADseq for examining Callithrix evolution.
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| 8. |
- Malukiewicz, Joanna, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeny of the jacchus group of Callithrix marmosets based on complete mitochondrial genomes
- 2017
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physical Anthropology. - : WILEY-BLACKWELL. - 0002-9483 .- 1096-8644. ; 162:1, s. 157-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesTwo subgroups make up the marmoset genus Callithrix. The "aurita" group is composed of two species, whereas evolutionary relationships among the four species of the "jacchus" group remain unclear. To uncover these relationships, we first sequenced mitochondrial genomes for C. kuhlii and C. penicillata to complement data available for congeners. We then constructed a phylogenetic tree based on mtDNA heavy chain protein coding genes from several primates to untangle species relationships and estimate divergence times of the jacchus group. Materials and MethodsMtDNA genomes of C. kuhlii and C. penicillata were Sanger sequenced. These Callithrix mitogenomes were combined with other publically available primate mtDNA genomes. Phylogenies were produced using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Finally, divergence times within the jacchus group of marmosets were estimated with Bayesian inference. ResultsIn our phylogenetic tree, C. geoffroyi was the sister to all other jacchus group species, followed by C. kuhlii, while C. jacchus and C. penicillata diverged most recently. Bayesian inference showed that C. jacchus and C. penicillata diverged approximately 0.70 MYA and that the jacchus group radiated approximately 1.30 MYA. DiscussionCallithrix nuclear and mtDNA phylogenies frequently result in polytomies and paraphyly. Here, we present a well-supported phylogenetic tree based on mitochondrial genome sequences, which facilitates the understanding of the divergence of the jacchus marmosets. Our results demonstrate how mitochondrial genomes can enrich Callithrix phylogenetic studies by alleviating some of the difficulties faced by previous mtDNA studies and allow formulation of hypotheses to test further under larger genomic-scale analyses.
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