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- Vieceli, Nathalia Cristine, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Recycling of Li-Ion Batteries from Industrial Processing: Upscaled Hydrometallurgical Treatment and Recovery of High Purity Manganese by Solvent Extraction
- 2023
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Ingår i: Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0736-6299 .- 1532-2262. ; 41:2, s. 205-220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Manganese plays a central role in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) but its recycling is rarely addressed when compared to other valuable metals present in LIBs, such as Co and Ni. Thus, the main goal of this work was to study and achieve the separation of Mn from Co and Ni by solvent extraction from a leachate obtained from LIBs using hydrochloric acid in an upscaled reactor, which is an innovative aspect of this work. The results confirmed the high selectivity of D2EHPA towards Mn, which could be completely extracted in two stages (0.5 M D2EHPA at pH 2.5). The main co-extracted metals were Al, Cu and Co, but with lower concentrations than Mn. The behavior of minor impurities such as Zn and Mg was also monitored. Scrubbing using manganese chloride was crucial to remove impurities from the loaded organic and prevent their presence in the stripping product, and high O:A ratios negatively affected the scrubbing efficiency. Keeping the concentration of HCl up to 0.5 M in the stripping stage helped to limit the stripping of impurities. Manganese oxide was precipitated as a product with 99.5% purity (with traces of Zn, Cu and Co), which could be reused in the battery value chain.
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| 2. |
- Vieceli, Nathalia Cristine, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Solvent extraction of cobalt from spent lithium-ion batteries: Dynamic optimization of the number of extraction stages using factorial design of experiments and response surface methodology
- 2023
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Ingår i: Separation and Purification Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-3794 .- 1383-5866. ; 307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The optimization of lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) recycling is crucial not only from a waste management perspective but also to decrease the dependence on imports of critical raw materials. In addition, the diversification of the recycling technologies is very important for better flexibility of the market. This study aims at investigating the recovery of Co from spent LiBs using solvent extraction from a real chloride-based solution obtained after the removal of Mn, which is very rarely reported. Cyanex 272 was used as the extractant and the effect of several variables on the extraction efficiency was considered to model and optimize the separation of Co and Ni. The number of extraction stages directly affects not only the process efficiency but also its cost. Thus, in this work, a novel approach was developed to assist in the selection of the number of extraction stages using a dynamic method based on the factorial design of experiments and response surface methodology combined with the Kremseŕs Equation. This method can assist the process design, decrease the overall cost of the operation, and optimize the separation of Co and Ni in a reduced number of extraction stages. The concentration of Co and Ni in the feed solutions is ∼ 8.3 g/L and 1.9 g/L, respectively. Based on the results, 98% extraction efficiency for Co can be achieved in 1 to 2 extraction stages with low co-extraction of Ni (<5%) when using 0.6–0.8 M Cyanex 272, O:A ratio below 1 and pH ∼ 5, but several combinations of conditions could provide similar results.
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