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- Daferera, Niki, et al.
(författare)
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Collagenous Colitis Mucosa Is Characterized by an Expansion of Nonsuppressive FoxP3(+) T Helper Cells
- 2021
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Ingår i: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC. - 1078-0998 .- 1536-4844. ; 27:9, s. 1482-1490
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aim: Increased frequencies of T regulatory (Treg) cells, key players in immune regulation, have been reported in inflammatory bowel diseases, including collagenous colitis (CC). However, traditional Treg identification techniques might have misinterpreted the frequencies of Treg cells in CC. Thus, we investigated the presence of genuine Treg cells in CC. Methods: Treg cells were analyzed in mucosal and peripheral blood samples of CC patients before and during treatment with the corticosteroid drug budesonide and in healthy controls. Samples were analyzed by flow cytometry by classifying CD3(+) CD4(+) cells as activated FoxP3(high)CD45RA. Treg cells, resting FoxP3(dim)CD45RA(+) Treg cells, and nonsuppressive FoxP3(dim)CD45RA-T helper cells. Traditional gating strategies that classified Treg cells as CD25(high)CD127(lo)(w), FoxP3(+)CD127(low), and CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) were also used to facilitate comparison with previous studies. Results: Activated and resting Treg cell frequencies did not change in active CC mucosa or peripheral blood and were not affected by budesonide treatment. Instead, nonsuppressive FoxP3(dim)CD45RA-T helper cells were increased in active CC mucosa, and budesonide helped restore them to normal levels. In contrast, traditional Treg cell gating strategies resulted in increased Treg cell frequencies in active CC mucosa. No alterations were found in peripheral blood samples, independently of patient treatment or gating techniques. Conclusion: Previously reported increase of Treg cells is a result of incomplete Treg phenotyping, which included nonsuppressive FoxP3(dim)CD45RA - T helper cells. Because budesonide did not affect Treg percentage, its therapeutic effect in CC might involve alternative mechanisms.
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- Daferera, Niki, et al.
(författare)
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Mucosa associated invariant T and natural killer cells in active and budesonide treated collagenous colitis patients
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - : FRONTIERS MEDIA SA. - 1664-3224. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionCollagenous colitis (CC) is an inflammatory bowel disease, which usually responds to budesonide treatment. Our aim was to study the immunological background of the disease. MethodsAnalyses of peripheral and mucosal MAIT (mucosa associated invariant T cells) and NK (natural killer) cells were performed with flow cytometry. Numbers of mucosal cells were calculated using immunohistochemistry. We studied the same patients with active untreated CC (au-CC) and again while in remission on budesonide treatment. Budesonide refractory patients and healthy controls were also included. The memory marker CD45R0 and activation marker CD154 and CD69 were used to further study the cells. Finally B cells, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells were also analysed. ResultsThe percentages of circulating CD56(dim)CD16(+) NK cells as well as MAIT cells (CD3(+)TCRVa7.2(+)CD161(+)) were decreased in au-CC compared to healthy controls. This difference was not seen in the mucosa; where we instead found increased numbers of mucosal CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+) T cells in au-CC. Mucosal immune cell numbers were not affected by budesonide treatment. In refractory CC we found increased mucosal numbers of MAIT cells, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells compared to au-CC. DiscussionPatients with active collagenous colitis have lower percentages of circulating MAIT and NK cells. However, there was no change of these cells in the colonic mucosa. Most mucosal cell populations were increased in budesonide refractory as compared to au-CC patients, particularly the number of MAIT cells. This may indicate that T cell targeting therapy could be an alternative in budesonide refractory CC.
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- Edgren, Aina, 1995, et al.
(författare)
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High temperature compression of Mo(Si,Al)2-Al2O3 composites
- 2023
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Ingår i: Materials Science & Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 0921-5093 .- 1873-4936. ; 865
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the effect on high temperature of mechanical properties of adding Al2O3 particles to polycrystalline Mo(Si,Al)2. Mo(Si,Al)2-Al2O3 composites, containing 0–25 wt% Al2O3 particles have been compression tested at 1300 °C, and the microstructure after deformation was studied using electron backscatter diffraction. It was shown that even small amounts (5 wt%) of Al2O3 particles resulted in a grain-refined material through inhibition of grain growth during sintering, which lead to lower flow stresses compared to the coarse-grained Al2O3-free material. The inverse grain size effect and post-test microstructure investigations suggest that creep-like deformation mechanisms dominate in fine grained Mo(Si,Al)2-Al2O3 composites at 1300 °C. In the materials containing 5–15 wt% Al2O3, the maximum stress decreased with increasing Al2O3 content. In materials with higher Al2O3 additions, the maximum stress increased with the Al2O3 addition, but did not reach the strength levels in the Al2O3-free reference material. It is suggested that the deformation behaviour is affected by electroplasticity effects as resistive heating was used. Electroplasticity contributes to the decrease in maximum stress observed in the lower Al2O3 containing materials, while this is outweighed by particle strengthening at higher Al2O3 contents.
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- Edgren, Aina, et al.
(författare)
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High temperature deformation of polycrystalline C40 Mo(Si,Al)2
- 2022
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Ingår i: Materials Science & Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 0921-5093 .- 1873-4936. ; 849
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polycrystalline Mo(Si,Al) with C40 crystal structure was deformed in compression with a strain rate of 10−4 s−1 at 1300 °C. The specimens were deformed to a strain of 10%–15% and showed maximum stresses around 150 MPa prior to pronounced softening. No crack formation or significant increase in porosity could be observed. Post-test microstructure analysis revealed that the material was inhomogeneously deformed on both inter- and intragranular levels. Dynamic recrystallization occurred alongside low angle grain boundary formation in highly deformed grains. Furthermore, complex intragranular deformation fields suggest that slip systems other than ⟨2̄1̄10⟩ [0001] may be active during deformation.
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- Levin, Magnus, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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English complex premodifiers and their German and Swedish correspondences : The case of hyphenated premodifiers in a non-fiction corpus
- 2024
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Ingår i: Languages in Contrast. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 1387-6759 .- 1569-9897. ; 24:1, s. 5-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study concerns English hyphenated premodifiers (science-based targets; lower-back pain) contrasted with their German and Swedish correspondences. The data stem from the Linnaeus University English-German-Swedish corpus (LEGS), which contains non-fiction texts, but comparisons are also made to fiction texts from the English-Swedish Parallel Corpus (ESPC). The study shows that these condensed and complex premodifiers are more frequent in English originals than in English translations, and more typical of the non-fiction genre than that of fiction. Information density and terminological precision thus seem to be more important factors for the use of hyphenated premodifiers than creativity and expressiveness. In original English, two-thirds of the right-hand elements are either nouns or ed-participles. In translated English, numerals as left-hand elements (three-page document) are less frequent than in original English. Regarding German and Swedish correspondences, around half are premodifiers. Postmodifiers in the form of prepositional phrases and relative clauses are more frequent in Swedish than in German, which instead “overuses” premodifying extended attributes. Compound adjectives/participles and compound nouns are the most frequent correspondences in both German and Swedish. In almost half the instances, German and Swedish translators choose the same correspondents, indicating a high degree of similarity in the structural preferences in the two target languages.
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| 8. |
- Levin, Magnus, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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From language to language, from time to time : Echoic binomials from an English-German-Swedish perspective
- 2021
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Ingår i: Time in Languages, Languages in Time. - Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 9789027209689 - 9789027258960 ; , s. 129-153
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study is situated within the broader field of phraseology and concerns repetitive, echoic binomials such as day by day (NPN) and on and on (‘ADV and ADV’). While the bulk of previous research has focused on their use in individual languages (Jackendoff 2008; Ziem 2008), this study takes a comparative approach, using data from two parallel corpora: the Linnaeus University English-German-Swedish corpus and the English-Swedish Parallel Corpus. The results indicate that binomials, in particular of the NPN type, are most frequent in Swedish originals. In English originals, they are rare and not very productive. In translations, frequencies closely mirror those in their originals, but other recurrent patterns (e.g., one X at a time) are also commonly used as correspondences.
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| 9. |
- Levin, Magnus, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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On brackets in translation (or how to elaborate in brackets)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Bergen Language and Linguistic Studies. - Bergen : University of Bergen. - 1892-2449. ; 11:1, s. 121-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents findings on the use of brackets in original texts and translations based on the Linnaeus University English-German-Swedish corpus (LEGS). The results show that in originals, brackets are the most frequent in English and the least in Swedish. Translations usually contain more brackets than originals. There are two reasons for this. First, most brackets are retained, and secondly, many are added. Added brackets mostly contain short synonyms facilitating target-reader comprehension. English translators introduce the most changes (additions, omissions, downgrades and upgrades), and Swedish ones the least. Brackets tend to fulfil content-oriented rather than interpersonal functions. When brackets are replaced by other punctuations marks in translations, these tend to be commas or no punctuation marks at all. German originals have a stronger preference for bracketing phrases than clauses compared to English and Swedish. These German phrasal brackets are often expanded into clauses in translations.
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| 10. |
- Malinovschi, Andrei, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Consequences of Using Post- or Prebronchodilator Reference Values in Interpreting Spirometry
- 2023
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Ingår i: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. - : American Thoracic Society. - 1073-449X .- 1535-4970. ; 208:4, s. 461-471
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- RATIONALE: Post-bronchodilator (BD) spirometry is used for diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, pre-BD reference values are used for spirometry interpretation.OBJECTIVES: To compare the resulting prevalence rates of abnormal spirometry and study the consequences of using pre- or post-BD reference values generated within the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) when interpreting post-BD spirometry in a general population.METHODS: SCAPIS reference values for post-BD and pre-BD spirometry were based on 10,156 and 1,498 never-smoking, healthy participants, respectively. We studied the associations of abnormal spirometry, defined by using pre- or post-BD reference values, with respiratory burden in the SCAPIS general population (28,851 individuals).MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Bronchodilation resulted in higher predicted median and lower limit of normal (LLN) for FEV1/FVC ratio. The prevalence of post-BD FEV1/FVC < pre-bronchodilator LLN was 4.8% and that of post-BD FEV1/FVC < post-bronchodilator LLN was 9.9% for the general population. An additional 5.1% was identified as having an abnormal post-BD FEV1/FVC ratio and this group had more respiratory symptoms, emphysema (13.5% vs. 4.1%, p<0.001) and self-reported physician-diagnosed COPD (2.8% vs. 0.5%, p<0.001) than subjects with post-BD FEV1/FVC ratio > LLN for both pre- and post-bronchodilation).CONCLUSIONS: Pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry reference values differ with regard to FEV1/FVC ratio. Use of post-bronchodilator reference values doubled the population prevalence of airflow obstruction; this was related to a higher respiratory burden. Using post-bronchodilator reference values when interpreting post-bronchodilator spirometry might enable identification of individuals with mild disease and be clinically relevant.
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