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- Häggblad, Erik, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Reflectance spectroscopy
- 2000
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Ingår i: Eight Int Symp CNVD 2000,2000. ; , s. 45-50
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Häggblad, Erik, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Reflection Spectroscopy of Analgesized Skin
- 2001
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Ingår i: Microvascular Research. - : ScienceDirect. - 0026-2862 .- 1095-9319. ; 62:3, s. 392-400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analgesized skin, when subjected to heat stimuli, responds by increasing skin perfusion. This response does not originate from increased perfusion in superficial capillaries, but rather in the deeper lying vessels. The aim of this study was to assess changes in blood chromophore content, measured by reflection spectroscopy, in relation to the perfusion increase, especially regarding the chromophores oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin. Eleven normal subjects were treated with analgesic cream (EMLA) and placebo for 20, 40, 60, 120, and 180 min. Individual reactions to local heating were classified as responses if the change in reflection data or the change in perfusion, as measured by laser Doppler blood flowmetry, exceeded 2 standard deviations of normal variation. The increase in blood perfusion or in blood content gave rise to an increased absorption, interpreted as an increase due mainly to the chromophore oxyhemoglobin. The number of responses increased with increased treatment time for EMLA-treated areas. In general, there was a good agreement between both methods; 44 of 55 classifications coincided for the two methods used. In conclusion, analgesized forearm skin, which had been exposed to local heating, responded with an elevated perfusion consisting of oxygenated blood. This strengthens the hypothesis that the flow increase occurs through dilatation of larger deeper lying skin vessels and not in the capillaries.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Johnsson, Filip, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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In-furnace processes in a 235 MWe CFB boiler
- 2002
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Ingår i: Proc. of the 7th International Conference on Circulating Fluidized Beds. - 9780920804988 ; , s. 607-614
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an experimental project funded by the 5th Framework Programme of the European Community (EC), different measurement techniques are used to analyze in-furnace processes in a 235 MWe Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) boiler in Turow, Poland. The purpose of the project is to assess the insufficiently known features of large-scale CFB boilers. The furnace of the boiler has a cross-section of 21 x 10 meters and a height of 43 meters. The boiler is operated on a local brown coal. Steady state, as well as dynamic conditions, are studied. The project is unique in two respects: Firstly, several measurement ports are provided in the large CFB furnace for in-situ measurements in various locations on the furnace. Secondly, a number of measurement techniques are employed. These facilitate studies of hydrodynamic processes as well as local variations in gas components (such as O2, CO, THC) and solids materials. The paper describes the measurement techniques and provides examples of the first (hydrodynamic) results obtained by the in-situ measurements.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Tudoret, Stéphane, et al.
(författare)
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Co-simulation of hybrid systems : Signal-Simulink
- 2000
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Ingår i: Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783540410553 - 9783540453529 - 3540410554 ; , s. 134-151
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents an approach to simulating hybrid systems. We show how a discrete controller that controls a continuous environment can be co-simulated with the environment (plant) using C-code generated automatically from mathematical models. This approach uses SIGNAL with SIMULINK to model complex hybrid systems. The choices are motivated by the fact that SIGNAL is a powerful tool for modelling complex discrete behaviours and SIMULINK is well-suited to deal with continuous dynamics. In particular, progress in formal analysis Of SIGNAL programs and the common availability of the SIMULINK tool makes these an interesting choice for combination. We present various alternatives for implementing communication between the underlying submodels. Finally, we present interesting scenarios in the co-simulation of a discrete controller with its environment: a non-linear siphon pump originally designed by the Swedish engineer Christofer Polhem in 1697.
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