| 1. |
- Aremyr, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Anthropomorphism: an investigation of its effect on trust in human-machine interfaces for highly automated vehicles
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2194-5365 .- 2194-5357. ; 823, s. 343-352
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trust has been identified as a major factor in relation to user acceptance of Highly Automated Vehicles (HAV). A positive correlation has been suggested between increased trust and the use of anthropomorphic features in interfaces. However, more research is necessary to establish whether this is true in an HAV context. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate how trust in HAVs is influenced by HMI design with different degrees of anthropomorphism: baseline, caricature, and human. Ten subjects participated in an in-vehicle trial to test the designs. The results showed no significant difference in levels of trust between conditions. Instead, it was found that anthropomorphism may affect user acceptance indirectly through its effect on perceived ease of use and usefulness. The findings imply that designers must be cautious when using anthropomorphism and consider adaptability and customisability to incorporate new and diverse user needs associated with the use of HAV.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bojesson, Catarina, 1984-
(författare)
-
Improving project performance in product development
- 2015
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The development of new products and processes is a crucial point of competition and due to the rapid technological development and strong international competition, companies are being forced to design better products faster and more efficiently. In the last two decades large companies in particular have developed increasingly sophisticated models, process descriptions, structures and routines for how to steer and manage their often large and complex projects. Processes in product development projects often contain many dependencies among both tasks and people, requiring coordination of activities and the opportunity to capture incomplete information that evolves over time. When attempting to increase project performance, a strong focus has been on the efficiency of the projects, on doing things right. As a result, both in industry and in research, effectiveness, doing the right things, has gained less importance than it probably should. For companies to really increase their performance, effectiveness must be considered to a much higher extent.The objective of the research presented in this thesis has been to increase the knowledge of how the performance of projects in a product development context can be improved. This involves investigating factors which affects performance on different levels of the projects such as the individual working on the project, the single project, the project organisation, the company, and the business context. Data have been collected through literature studies as well as a case study divided into two parts.The research results show that project organisations face the challenge of being able to have projects running efficiently according to plan while at the same time exploring and creating new knowledge. Formalised product development processes can support the progress of projects, but there is a risk that exploratory work and innovation could suffer. This is a challenge, especially in contexts characterised by uncertainty and complexity. Further, a number of areas which affect the project performance were identified, including the business context, process characteristics, project model, project characteristics, and project management. These findings have resulted in a proposed start of a framework for improving product development project performance in dynamic contexts.
|
|
| 3. |
- Brunila, Anne, et al.
(författare)
-
Luova talous ja aineettoman arvon luominen kasvun kärjiksi : Luovat alat Suomen talouden ja työllisyyden vahvistajina -työryhmän raportti
- 2017
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Luovat alat Suomen talouden ja työllisyyden vahvistajina -työryhmän tavoitteena on tukea hallituksen työllisyyteen ja kilpailukykyyn liittyvien tavoitteiden saavuttamista. Työryhmä uskoo, että sen ehdottamien toimenpiteiden avulla voidaan lisätä luovien alojen työllisten määrää yli 10 000 henkilöllä – mikä on lähes 10 % hallituksen koko työllisyystavoitteesta. Lisäksi muiden toimialojen kilpailukykyä ja työllisyyttä voidaan lisätä merkittävästi hyödyntämällä luovien alojen digitaalisia ja asiakaslähtöisiä liiketoimintamalleja, design-, palvelumuotoilu- ja brändiosaamista sekä markkinointi- ja viestintäosaamista nykyistä laajemmin koko taloudessa. Luoviin aloihin ja luovan osaamisen hyödyntämiseen tehtävät panostukset nopeuttavat elinkeinorakenteen monipuolistumista, lisäävät vientiä ja tuotannon jalostusarvoa. Työryhmän esitykset eivät rajoitu perinteisten luovien alojen edistämiseen vaan kohdistuvat myös nykyisen ja tulevan talouskasvun ajurin, aineettoman pääoman, ja luovan osaamisen tehokkaaseen hyödyntämiseen sekä taloudellisen lisäarvon synnyttämiseen läpi koko yrityskentän.
|
|
| 4. |
- Chermenina, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Single injection of small-molecule amyloid accelerator results in cell death of nigral dopamine neurons in mice
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Parkinson's Disease. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2090-8083 .- 2042-0080 .- 2373-8057. ; 1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The assembly process of a-synuclein toward amyloid fibers is linked to neurodegeneration in Parkinson´s disease. In the present study, we capitalized on the in vitro discovery of a small-molecule accelerator of a-synuclein amyloid formation and assessed its effects when injected in brains of normal mice. An accelerator and an inhibitor of a-synuclein amyloid formation, as well as vehicle only, were injected into the striatum of normal mice and follwed by behavioral evaluation, immunohistochemistry, and metabolomics up to six months later. The effects of molecules injected into the substansia nigra of normal and a-synuclein knockout mice were also analyzed. When accelerator or inhibitor was injected into the brain of normal mice no acute compound toxicity was found. However, 6 months after single striatal injection of accelerator, mice sensorimotor functions were impaired, whereas mice injected with inhibitor had no dysfunctions. Injection of accelerator (but not inhibitor or vehicle) into the substantia nigra revealed singificant loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons after 3 months. No loss of TH-positive neurons was found in a-synuclein knock-out mice injected with accelerator intor the substantia nigra. Metabolic serum profiles from accelerator-injected normal mice matched those of newly diagnosed Parkinson´s disease patients, whereas the profiles from inhibitor-injected normal mice matched controls. Single inoculation of a small-molecule amyloid accelerator may be a new approach for studies of early events during dopamine neurodegeneration in mice.
|
|
| 5. |
- Edlund, Lars-Erik, Professor, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
-
Förord
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nybyggarliv. - Umeå : Johan Nordlander-sällskapet. - 9789151928180 ; , s. 9-14
-
Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
|
|
| 6. |
- Georgian, Samuel E., et al.
(författare)
-
Biogeographic variability in the physiological response of the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa to ocean acidification
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Marine Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0173-9565 .- 1439-0485. ; 37:6, s. 1345-1359
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While ocean acidification is a global issue, the severity of ecosystem effects is likely to vary considerably at regional scales. The lack of understanding of how biogeographically separated populations will respond to acidification hampers our ability to predict the future of vital ecosystems. Cold-water corals are important drivers of biodiversity in ocean basins across the world and are considered one of the most vulnerable ecosystems to ocean acidification. We tested the short-term physiological response of the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa to three pH treatments (pH = 7.9, 7.75 and 7.6) for Gulf of Mexico (USA) and Tisler Reef (Norway) populations, and found that reductions in seawater pH elicited contrasting responses. Gulf of Mexico corals exhibited reductions in net calcification, respiration and prey capture rates with decreasing pH. In contrast, Tisler Reef corals showed only slight reductions in net calcification rates under decreased pH conditions while significantly elevating respiration and capture rates. These differences are likely the result of environmental differences (depth, pH, food supply) between the two regions, invoking the potential for local adaptation or acclimatization to alter their response to global change. However, it is also possible that variations in the methodology used in the experiments contributed to the observed differences. Regardless, these results provide insights into the resilience of L. pertusa to ocean acidification as well as the potential influence of regional differences on the viability of species in future oceans.
|
|
| 7. |
- Kumar, Anmol, et al.
(författare)
-
GDNF Overexpression from the Native Locus Reveals its Role in the Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic System Function
- 2015
-
Ingår i: PLOS Genetics. - : PLoS. - 1553-7390 .- 1553-7404. ; 11:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic system is the principal lesion in Parkinson's disease. Because glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) promotes survival of dopamine neurons in vitro and in vivo, intracranial delivery of GDNF has been attempted for Parkinson's disease treatment but with variable success. For improving GDNF-based therapies, knowledge on physiological role of endogenous GDNF at the sites of its expression is important. However, due to limitations of existing genetic model systems, such knowledge is scarce. Here, we report that prevention of transcription of Gdnf 3'UTR in Gdnf endogenous locus yields GDNF hypermorphic mice with increased, but spatially unchanged GDNF expression, enabling analysis of postnatal GDNF function. We found that increased level of GDNF in the central nervous system increases the number of adult dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the number of dopaminergic terminals in the dorsal striatum. At the functional level, GDNF levels increased striatal tissue dopamine levels and augmented striatal dopamine release and re-uptake. In a proteasome inhibitor lactacystin-induced model of Parkinson's disease GDNF hypermorphic mice were protected from the reduction in striatal dopamine and failure of dopaminergic system function. Importantly, adverse phenotypic effects associated with spatially unregulated GDNF applications were not observed. Enhanced GDNF levels up-regulated striatal dopamine transporter activity by at least five fold resulting in enhanced susceptibility to 6-OHDA, a toxin transported into dopamine neurons by DAT. Further, we report how GDNF levels regulate kidney development and identify microRNAs miR-9, miR-96, miR-133, and miR-146a as negative regulators of GDNF expression via interaction with Gdnf 3'UTR in vitro. Our results reveal the role of GDNF in nigrostriatal dopamine system postnatal development and adult function, and highlight the importance of correct spatial expression of GDNF. Furthermore, our results suggest that 3'UTR targeting may constitute a useful tool in analyzing gene function.
|
|
| 8. |
- Löf, Liza, et al.
(författare)
-
Flow Cytometric Measurement of Blood Cells with BCR-ABL1 Fusion Protein in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 7:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized in the majority of cases by a t(9;22)(q34;q11) translocation, also called the Philadelphia chromosome, giving rise to the BCR-ABL1 fusion protein. Current treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors is directed against the constitutively active ABL1 domain of the fusion protein, and minimal residual disease (MRD) after therapy is monitored by real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) of the fusion transcript. Here, we describe a novel approach to detect and enumerate cells positive for the BCR-ABL1 fusion protein by combining the in situ proximity ligation assay with flow cytometry as readout (PLA-flow). By targeting of the BCR and ABL1 parts of the fusion protein with one antibody each, and creating strong fluorescent signals through rolling circle amplification, PLA-flow allowed sensitive detection of cells positive for the BCR-ABL1 fusion at frequencies as low as one in 10,000. Importantly, the flow cytometric results correlated strongly to those of RQ-PCR, both in diagnostic testing and for MRD measurements over time. In summary, we believe this flow cytometry-based method can serve as an attractive approach for routine measurement of cells harboring BCR-ABL1 fusions, also allowing simultaneously assessment of other cell surface markers as well as sensitive longitudinal follow-up.
|
|
| 9. |
- Strömberg, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
-
Cutaneous malignant melanoma show geographic and socioeconomic disparities in stage at diagnosis and excess mortality.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden). - 1651-226X. ; 55:8, s. 993-1000
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Preventive measures are needed to counteract the increasing burden of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM). As a basis for rational melanoma prevention, we investigated geographic differences and impact from socioeconomic factors related to incidence, clinical stage at diagnosis and outcome. Material and methods All patients with primary invasive CMM diagnosed in 2004-2013 in the southern and the western Swedish health care regions with a population of 2.9 million adults were eligible for the study. Population-based data were obtained from the national Cancer Register and the national Melanoma Quality Register. Geographic and socioeconomic differences in incidence per stage at diagnosis were mapped and correlated to excess mortality. Results Disease mapping based on 9743 cases in 99 municipalities and 20 metropolitan districts showed marked, regional disparities in stage-specific incidence of CMM. The incidence of stage I-II tumors was higher in the western health care region, whereas the incidence of stage III-IV CMMs was higher in the southern region. The divergent incidence patterns per stage at diagnosis were consistent across population strata based on educational level. The geographic disparities in CMM stage influenced relative survival with an excess five-year mortality ratio in the southern region versus the western region of 1.49 (95% confidence interval 1.22-1.82). The excess mortality ratio for patients with low versus high educational level was 1.81 (1.37-2.40). Conclusion Residential region and educational level influenced CMM stage and, thereby, excess mortality. These observations suggest that geographic as well as socioeconomic data should be considered in prevention of CMM.
|
|
| 10. |
- Strömberg, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
-
Rational targeting of population groups and residential areas for colorectal cancer screening
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-7821 .- 1877-783X. ; 60, s. 23-30
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Sociodemographic and spatial disparities in incidence and mortality burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) are important to consider in the implementation of population screening, in order to achieve expected benefit and not increase health inequities. Analytic methods should be adapted to provide rational support for targeted interventions. Methods: CRC incidence rates by tumor stage (I-IV) and location (colon vs. rectum) were analyzed for the time period 2008–2016 within a screening-relevant age interval of 55–74 years for the population of South and West Sweden, where screening is planned for. The study population was stratified by sex, country of birth, educational level (for Swedish-born citizens) and residential area. We also estimated disparities in excess mortality from CRC across groups of patients accordant to relevant population groups. Results: The analyses were based on 8961 patients with a first CRC diagnosis. There were marked socioeconomic gradients in the stage II-IV CRC incidence rates among Swedish-born men and women. Compared to men with high educational level, the incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of stage II, III, and IV CRC in men with low educational level were 1.38 (95% confidence interval 1.18, 1.62), 1.09 (0.95, 1.26), and 1.18 (1.02, 1.37), respectively. In women, the corresponding figures were 1.26 (1.06, 1.51), 1.19 (1.01, 1.39), and 1.45 (1.20, 1.80). The groups of patients with low educational level showed relatively high excess mortality burdens from CRC. Conclusions: Our analytic approach provided rational support for targeted intervention when implementing CRC screening, aiming at optimizing participation in groups with low educational level.
|
|
