| 1. |
- Bjerre, I. M., et al.
(författare)
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Measure of Processes of Care (MPOC) applied to measure parent's perception of the habilitation process in Sweden.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Child: Care Health and Development. - : Wiley. - 1365-2214 .- 0305-1862. ; 30:2, s. 123-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim To evaluate the instrument Measure of Processes of Care (MPOC) in a Swedish context. Methods The MPOC consists of 56 questions in the five scales: enabling and partnership; providing general information; providing specific information about the child; co-ordinated and comprehensive care; and respectful and supportive care. The questionnaire was translated into Swedish and distributed to 850 families, served by four habilitation centres. After two reminders, a response rate of 74.9% was obtained, and about 60% of the questionnaires qualified for further statistical analysis. Reliability, calculated as Cronbach's alpha, was high for four of the five scales and acceptable for the fifth (scale no. 3). Results Significant differences were shown between centres as well as between age groups. These differences were reasonable as judged through background knowledge, indicating that the instrument was able to discriminate between actual differences in services. Commenting on the practical use of the questionaire, staff, as well as responding parents, found the questionnaire rather long and some parents reported difficulties in giving answers as specific as the questionnaire asked them to. Conclusion The MPOC shows sufficient sensitivity to be used as an evaluation tool for services at a centre or program level, and can be recommended for research and practical use.
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| 2. |
- Gårdfeldt, Katarina, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Evasion of Mercury from coastal and open waters of the Atlantic ocean and the Mediterranean sea
- 2003
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - 1352-2310 .- 1873-2844. ; 37:Suppl 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) was measured in coastal Atlantic seawater and in the Mediterranean Sea. The Atlantic measurements were performed during September 1999 at the Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station, situated on the Irish west coast. The measurements in the Mediterranean Sea were made along a 6000 km cruise path from 14 July to 9 August 2000 in the framework of the Med-Oceanor project. Total gaseous mercury (TGM) concentrations in air were continuously measured with a 5 min time resolution using an automated mercury analyser (Tekran 2537A) during both expeditions. Paired TGM and DGM samples from all campaigns showed that the surface water was supersaturated with elemental mercury. The mercury evasion was estimated using a gas exchange model (J. Geophys. Res. 97 (1992) 7373), which uses salinity, wind speed and water temperature as independent parameters. The predicted average mercury evasion from the coastal Atlantic water was 2.7 ng m−2 h−1 implying that the concentration of TGM in the Atlantic air is enhanced by mercury evasion from the sea. Measurements in different regions of the Mediterranean Sea showed spatial variations in DGM concentrations. The highest DGM concentration (90 pg l−1) was observed at a location in the Strait of Sicily (37°16N 11°52E). The mercury evasion in the eastern sector of the Mediterranean Sea (area: 32–36°N, 17–28°E) was generally higher (7.9 ng m−2 h−1) than that observed in the Tyrrhenian Sea (4.2 ng m−2 h−1) or in the western sector (2.5 ng m−2 h−1) (areas: 38–42°N, 8–13°E and 38–41°N, 7–8°E, respectively). Estimations of mercury evasion were also made at Mediterranean coastal sites using a dynamic chamber technique. In addition, a newly developed method making continuous in situ DGM measurements possible was tested.
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| 3. |
- Spicer, J. I., et al.
(författare)
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Developmental changes in the responses of O-2 uptake and ventilation to acutely declining O-2 tensions in larval krill Meganyctiphanes norvegica
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. - 0022-0981. ; 295:2, s. 207-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of exposure to acutely declining oxygen tensions on O-2 uptake (Mo-2) and ventilation has been investigated in different larval stages of Northern krill Meganyctiphanes norvegica (calytopis III/ early furcilia I, late furcilia I, furcilia III and V). An ability to regulate Mo-2 during acutely declining P-O2 began to appear about furcilia III (critical O-2 tension or P-c = 15.4 +/- 0.73 kPa) and had improved by furcilia V (P-c= 12.6 +/- 0.39 kPa). Hypoxia-related hyperventilation was achieved by an increase in pleopod (but not thoracic limb) activity (P-c similar to 11 kPa), a sensitivity which also appeared at, or just before, furcilia V even though an earlier stage (furcilia III) had a full compliment of functional setose pleopods. While this regulatory ability appeared as the gills were beginning to form, furcilia V is still early in gill ontogeny compared with adults. Preexposure to very moderate hypoxia (60% and 70% O-2 (saturation) of furcilia III and V resulted in substantial mortality, but where it did not (furcilia V, 80% O-2 saturation), there was no effect of keeping krill at this P-O2 on either M-O2 or ventilation, suggesting that the development of respiratory regulation in M. norvegica is not open to environmental influence in the same way as for other crustaceans. We suggest that ontogeny of pleopod control provides furcilia V+ with both a stronger means of propulsion, allowing the ontogeny of DVM but also with an ability to regulate M-O2 during exposure to acutely declining P(O2)s. The onset of respiratory regulation (furcilia V) preceded the onset of DVM (furcilia VI+). As pleopod ontogeny is associated intimately with the ontogeny of DVM and respiratory regulation, in the Gullmarsfjord this co-occurrence is fortuitous as krill can be required during DVM to migrate into hypoxic water which they are not equipped to deal with, in physiological terms, before furcilia V. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Spicer, J. I., et al.
(författare)
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Diel vertical migration and the haemocyanin of krill Meganyctiphanes norvegica
- 2002
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Ingår i: Marine Ecology-Progress Series. - 0171-8630. ; 238, s. 153-162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changes in environmental factors (PO2, temperature, salinity and food availability) influence the concentration of the respiratory pigment haemocyanin ([Hc]) present in many crustaceans. We investigated the possibility that [Hc] and HcO(2) affinity altered during the diel vertical migration (DVM) of Nordic krill Meganyctiphanes norvegica in the Gullmarsfjord, Sweden. The [Hc] decreased with increasing depth, for individuals both trawled and caged at different depths. Laboratory experiments indicated that this pattern could not be explained by differences in PO2, temperature or salinity. Alternatively, starvation had a significant effect on [Hc] over the course of a few h (less than or equal to10), i.e. a much shorter time scale than found for other crustacean species. Starved individuals showed a dramatic decrease in [Hc] compared with fed individuals. This decrease was exacerbated by an increase in temperature. We suggest that when M norvegica migrates into deep water during the day, for whatever reason (predator avoidance or reduced prey abundance, or reduced ability to locate and capture prey), they cannot secure enough energy to meet routine metabolic demands; they therefore break down Hc and use it as an energy source. We conclude that there is likely to be a trade-off between the respiratory function of Hc and its importance in nutrition when krill migrate into deeper, nutritionally poorer waters during their DVM.
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| 5. |
- Spicer, J. I., et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic responses to low salinity of the shipworm Teredo navalis (L.)
- 2003
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Ingår i: Sarsia. - 0036-4827. ; 88:4, s. 302-305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has long been thought that shipworms are sensitive to salinity changes, but few studies have investigated this possibility. The oxygen uptake of excised gill tissue from individuals of a population of the shipworm Teredo navalis from southwest Sweden decreased with decreasing salinity. The greatest fall occurred between S = 4 and 8 PSU. Excised gill tissue showed little effect of salinity on ciliary beat rate at S greater than or equal to 3-4 PSU, but below this beating ceased. Individuals withdrew their siphons and sealed their bur-rows at S = 4-8 PSU. Burrows could remain closed at S < 4 PSU for at least 6 days at 22 degreesC. Siphons re-emerged within minutes of a return to S > 4 PSU. We conclude that a salinity range of 4-8 PSU is critical for this population of T. navalis. This fits well with information on salinity tolerance from other populations of this species.
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| 6. |
- Strömberg, Jarl-Ove, et al.
(författare)
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Northern krill, Meganyctiphanes norvegica, come up to see the last eclipse of the millennium?
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - 0025-3154. ; 82:5, s. 919-920
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most krill species undergo diel vertical migration (DVM) which is to some extent influenced by light intensity. During a solar eclipse (11 August 1999) the upward and downward movement of krill, Meganyctiphanes norvegica, inhabiting a Swedish fjord followed closely changes in light intensity. Here the eclipse was partial (77%) and the weather overcast and yet krill at 70-90 m depth were able to detect, and respond to very small changes in light. This observation of an event during mid-day which is not pre-programmed confirms light as an important triggering mechanism for krill DVM.
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