| 1. |
- Adolfsson, Kerstin, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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From party to nightmare: Roles of victim and participant age and victim behavior on blame attributions in rape scenarios
- 2014
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Ingår i: The 10th meeting of the Nordic Network for research on Psychology and Law (NNPL), Oslo, Norway, November 7-8.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Are there any differences between adults’ and adolescents’ levels of attributed victim blame? In two experiments, a total of 563 Swedish adolescents and adults read a scenario describing a rape at a house party and thereafter rated victim and perpetrator blame. The victim’s age (18 or 31 years), and behavior (voluntarily kissing the perpetrator or not before being raped), were manipulated. Across both experiments higher levels of perpetrator blame than victim blame was found and participants’ levels of belief in a just world correlated positively with levels of attributed victim blame. The first experiment showed higher levels of victim blame from adolescents, regardless of victim age. The second experiment did not replicate those findings. Instead, more blame was attributed to a young victim, regardless of participant age, and men attributed more victim blame than women. Accordingly, no clear cut results were obtained. Did the victim’s act of kissing the perpetrator change participants’ perception of the rape situation and consequently their attribution of blame? Forthcoming experiments will continue to investigate if, and in that case why, adults and adolescents perceive rape victims and perpetrators differently.
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| 2. |
- Alfredsson, Helen, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Blame attribution in a stranger rape case: Perpetrator characteristics and participant gender
- 2011
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Ingår i: Society of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, conference 27-29 June, 2011, NYC..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In rape blame research perpetrator characteristics is understudied. The relative independence of perpetrator blame and victim blame is also unclear. Using a community sample (N=161), we investigated participant gender, perpetrator age and previous conviction influencing blame attributions using a vignette methodology. Perpetrator age had no effect, but interactions were found between participant gender and perpetrator previous conviction: men attributed more victim blame and less perpetrator blame when the perpetrator had a previous conviction. For women the effect was reversed. Results indicate that increased perpetrator blame is associated to decreased victim blame. Moreover, perpetrator characteristics are relevant in blame attribution research.
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| 3. |
- Alfredsson, Helen, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of perpetrator characteristics and participants belief in a just world on blame attribution of rape victims
- 2011
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Ingår i: the 21th Conference of the European Association of Psychology and Law (EAPL), 2010, Miami..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rape victims are often the subject of secondary victimization when being blamed for their assaults. In an experiment using a community sample (N=161), we investigated the effect of perpetrator characteristics; age and previous conviction, participants gender and belief in a just world on blame attributions using a vignette methodology. Results show that female participants attributed most victim blame when the perpetrator had a previous conviction, although male participants attributed most victim blame when the perpetrator had no such history. It seems as features of the perpetrator can influence allocation of victim blame and that gender of the observer also matters.
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| 4. |
- Clemens, Franziska, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Counter-Interrogation Strategies when Anticipating Questions on Intentions
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling. - : Wiley. - 1544-4759. ; 10:1, s. 125-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present experimental study adds to the emerging line of psycholegal research focusing on true and false intentions. It is the first to examine mock suspects’ (N = 120) counterinterrogation strategies in investigative interviews in which they anticipate questions on their intentions. As planning is an inherent part of many intentions, mock suspects were, in addition to questions on their intentions, asked a set of questions that pertained to the planning phase in which they formed their intentions. Besides ratings of the anticipation and difficulty of the questions, participants were asked to provide their principal strategy for being perceived as truthful. Both truth tellers and liars perceived the questions on the planning phase as significantly more unanticipated than the questions on their intentions. Furthermore, liars perceived the questions on the planning phase as more difficult to answer than did truth tellers. Liars and truth tellers differed with respect to their principal strategy employed for being perceived as truthful. Liars’ most commonly used strategy was to stick to the cover story, whereas truth tellers’ most common strategy was to be honest. The results are discussed in relation to the unanticipated questions approach and psychological concepts such as the illusion of transparency.
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| 5. |
- Clemens, Franziska, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Detecting false intent by strategic use of evidence
- 2010
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Ingår i: 20th Conference of the European Association of Psychology and Law, 15-18 juni 2010, Göteborg.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has shown the potential of late disclosure of evidence as a deception detection tool, since this manner of interviewing produces reliable differences between liars and truth tellers in terms of statement-evidence inconsistency. This study examined whether these results could be replicated in the detection of false intent. Participants (N = 120) were randomly allocated to one of two veracity conditions (truth tellers vs. liars) and instructed to either plan a mock-criminal or a non-criminal act. The participants were made to believe that they would carry out their planned actions. In addition to planning their criminal act, the liars were encouraged to prepare a cover story to use in case they were intercepted. All participants were intercepted before they could accomplish their mission and subsequently interrogated. During the interrogations evidence (web browser history, fingerprints, eyewitness) speaking to the suspects’ guilt was disclosed either early or late. We hypothesized that the late disclosure condition would elicit significantly more cues to deception than the early disclosure condition. The results, as well as the practical implications, of this study will be discussed.
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| 6. |
- Clemens, Franziska, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Eliciting Cues to False Intent: A New Application of Strategic Interviewing
- 2011
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Ingår i: Law and Human Behavior. ; 35:6, s. 512-522
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examined how to elicit cues to deception when a suspect is asked both about his/her intentions and his/her corresponding past planning, and when the investigator holds evidence on the suspect’s planning activities. In a new experimental set-up accommodating the main characteristics of intent, participants (N = 120) either planned a criminal or a non-criminal act. They were intercepted before completing the planned act. Each participant was interviewed in accordance with one of three interview techniques: Early Evidence disclosure or one of two versions of the Strategic Use of Evidence (SUE) technique. All the interviews were transcribed and scored for consistency. As predicted, the liars were perceived as having a higher degree of inconsistency for two of the three relevant comparisons (Statement on Planning – Evidence on Planning; Statement on Intent – Evidence on Planning). Furthermore, using the evidence strategically resulted in differences between liars and truth tellers being magnified, as predicted. The present paper advances previous findings in showing that by interviewing strategically with respect to the evidence it is possible to elicit reliable cues to deception when a suspect is asked about intentions and corresponding planning activities.
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| 7. |
- Clemens, Franziska, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Skulking around the dinosaur: Eliciting cues to children’s deception via strategic disclosure of evidence.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Applied Cognitive Psychology. ; 24, s. 925-940
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research has shown that cues to deception are more salient as an effect of strategic use of evidence (SUE) during interviews. This study examined the feasibility of the SUE-technique for eliciting cues to children's deception. Experiment 1 investigated verbal cues to deception as a function of early vs. late disclosure of evidence. Eighty-four children (12–14 years) either guilty or innocent of a mock crime were interviewed. As predicted, deceptive statements were significantly more inconsistent with the evidence than truthful statements, and this was more pronounced as a function of late compared to early disclosure of evidence. In Experiment 2, adult observers (N=168) made veracity assessments of the videotaped statements. Observers in the late disclosure condition achieved an accuracy rate higher than chance (63.1%), whereas accuracy rates in the early disclosure condition were at chance level (56%). Accuracy rates were significantly higher for truthful (70.2%), than deceptive statements (48.8%).
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| 8. |
- Granhag, Pär-Anders, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Counter-Interrogation Strategies among Small Cells of Suspects
- 2013
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Psychology and Law. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1321-8719 .- 1934-1687. ; 20:5, s. 705-712
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study examined the subjective interview strategies of groups of truth-tellers and liars, and compared these strategies with suspects' actual interview performance. Participants (N=126) were evenly divided as truth-tellers or liars, and were further divided into 21 groups of three individuals. Truth-tellers performed a neutral task, while liars performed a mock crime. Participants were then interviewed individually with the goal of convincing the interviewer of their innocence. Three different interview methods were used, spread evenly across veracity condition. Participants disclosed their main subjective strategy in post-interview questionnaires. The most common strategy was be honest for truth-tellers, and be restrictive and be consistent for liars. Truth-tellers' subjective strategies and actual interview performance were rated as more forthcoming than those of liars. Actual interview performance was qualified by interview type. Results are discussed in relation to research on suspect strategies and interview techniques.
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| 9. |
- Granhag, Pär-Anders, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Crime on the border: Use of evidence in customs interviews
- 2014
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Ingår i: Archives of Forensic Psychology. - 2334-2749. ; 1:1, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study is the first to examine customs officers’ interview strategies. Specifically, we examined whether or not customs officers’ (N = 80) planned to use evidence in a strategic manner during an investigative interview. Half the customs officers were members of an investigative unit (more experienced interviewers), half were members of a crime fighting unit (less experienced interviewers). Participants were randomly allocated to two evidence conditions: strong and weak. It was found that out of the self-extracted pieces of evidence only 15% were coded as used in a strategic manner. Officers in the strong and weak evidence conditions did not differ with regards to how much evidence was or was not used in a strategic manner. However, the results show that members of the investigative unit used more of the extracted pieces of evidence in a strategic manner than the members of the crime-fighting unit. There was no correlation between years of experience and the strategic use of evidence. Taken together, these results imply that if customs officers are to improve with regards to their use of evidence in suspect interviews, explicit and systematic training may be more effective than experience.
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| 10. |
- Granhag, Pär-Anders, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Elicit cues to deception: The effects of different evidence disclosure tactics
- 2011
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Ingår i: The 8th meeting of the Nordic Network for research on Psychology and Law (NNPL), Oslo, Norway, September 16-17, 2011..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on real-life interviews with suspects shows that disclosure of evidence is a very common tactic and that it can occur in all phases of the interview. It is therefore rather remarkable that there is very little research on the effectiveness of different disclosure tactics (by effectiveness we refer to the number and strength of cues that discriminate between truth and deception). Hence, the aim of the present study was to examine the effects of three different disclosure tactics with respect to one single piece of evidence: presenting the evidence early and two versions of late presenting of the evidence (Strategic Use of Evidence; SUE). A mock-theft scenario was employed with 195 participants who were randomly allocated to one of six conditions: guilty or innocent suspects interviewed with one of the three tactics. We found that both when and how the evidence is disclosed is related to effectiveness of interview tactic. First, with respect to when we found that it was more effective to disclose the evidence late (vs. early) in the interview. Second, with respect to how we found that it was more effective to disclose the evidence in a stepwise (vs. direct) manner. Disclosing the evidence late and in a stepwise manner resulted in two strong cues to deception (statement-evidence inconsistency and within-statement inconsistency), lending further and new support to the SUE-technique.
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