| 1. |
- Pedersen, T.R., et al.
(författare)
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Follow-up study of patients randomized in The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) of cholesterol lowering
- 2000
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Ingår i: American Journal of Cardiology. - 0002-9149 .- 1879-1913. ; 86:3, s. 257-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) and other randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that cholesterol-lowering treatment with statins improves prognosis in patients with coronary atherosclerosis compared with placebo. The effect of therapy with statins beyond the typical 5 to 6 years' duration of the trials, in particular regarding the risk of cancer, has not been investigated. This study examines the long-term effects of simvastatin for up to 8 years on cause-specific mortality in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). We performed an observational, government registry-based study of mortality in the groups originally randomized to simvastatin or placebo in the 4S over an additional 2-year follow-up period, so that the median total follow-up period was 7.4 years (range 6.9 to 8.3 in surviving patients). Randomization took place at outpatient clinics at 94 clinical centers in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden from 1988 to 1989. Of 4,444 patients with CHD, 2,223 and 2,221 were randomized to treatment with placebo or simvastatin therapy, respectively. Patients received treatment with simvastatin, starting at 20 mg/day, with titration to 40 mg/day at 12 or 24 weeks if total cholesterol was >5.2 mmol/L (200 mg/dl), or placebo. After the double-blind period, most patients in both treatment groups received simvastatin as open-label prescription. Of the 1,967 patients originally treated with placebo and surviving the double-blind period, 97 (4.9%) died during the following 2 years. In the group randomized to simvastatin the corresponding number was 74 of the 2,039 survivors (3.6%). Adding these deaths to those occurring during the original trial, the total was 353 (15.9%) and 256 (11.5%) deaths in the groups originally randomized to placebo and simvastatin, respectively. The relative risk was 0.70 (95% confidence interval 0.60 to 0.82, p = 0.00002). The total number of cancer deaths was 68 (3.1%) in the placebo group and 52 (2.3%) in the simvastatin group (relative risk 0.73, 95% confidence interval 0.51 to 0.05, p = 0.087), and the numbers of noncardiovascular and other deaths were similar in both groups. We therefore conclude that treatment with simvastatin for up to 8 years in patients with CHD is safe and yields continued survival benefit. Copyright (C) 2000 Excerpta Medica Inc.
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| 2. |
- Falandysz, J, et al.
(författare)
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Multivariate analysis of the bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the marine pelagic food web from the southern part of the Baltic Sea, Poland
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Monitoring. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1464-0325 .- 1464-0333. ; 4:6, s. 929-941
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concentration, pattern, bioaccumulation and biomagnification features of many chlorobiphenyl congeners, including non- and mono-ortho chlorine substituted members have been determined in a pelagic food chain including mixed phyto- and zooplankton-1 herring (Clupea harengus), harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) and black cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) collected from the southern part of the Baltic, Proper. TCDD (tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) toxic equivalents (TEQs) in plankton, herring, harbour porpoise and cormorants. were 0.42, 5.3, 79 and 2700 pg g(-1) lipid weight, respectively. Concentrations of total, polychlorinated biphehyls (PCBs) in plankton, herring harbour porpoise and cormorants were 1.9, 120, 8700 and 2100 ng g(-1) wet weight (210, 1300, 10000 and 42000 ng g(-1) lipid weight) respectively. Herring, harbour porpoise and black cormorant apparently bioaccumulate many PCBs found in their food, and the values of the bioaccumulation factor's (BAFs) for PCBs were approximately 10 in herring, 35 in harbour porpoise and up to 300 in breast muscle of, cormorants. Harbour porpoise clearly is able to metabolize. the most toxic, non-ortho PCBs (no. 77, 126 and 169) and a few mono-ortho PCBs (no. 114, 123 and 156), while all non- and mono-ortho PCBs are bioaccumulated by herring. Penta-, hexa- and hepta-CBs were the dominant homologue classes both in the muscle tissue and liver. PCB congeners nos. 201, 209, 172/192, 194 and 195 were characterized by the largest.. BAFs (between 100 and 300). Principal component analysis has been used to analyse the interdependences. and differences in the CB congener accumulation patterns between the, components of the investigated pelagic food web.
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| 3. |
- Falandysz, J, et al.
(författare)
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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in black cormorants breeding at the coast of the Gulf of Gdansk, Baltic Sea
- 2003
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Ingår i: Fresenius Environmental Bulletin: Special Issue: Sp. Iss. SI. ; 12:2, s. 127-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Concentrations, composition profiles and biomagnification of polychlorinated biphenyls non-ortho (IUPAC nos 77, 126, 169), mono-ortho (105, 114, 118, 123, 156, 157, 167, 189) and total PCBs were investigated in black cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) breeding at the coast of the Gulf of Gdansk, Baltic Sea. Total PCB concentrations in birds were in the range from 750 to 5200 ng/g wet wt ( from 19000 to 110000 ng/g lipid wt) in the breast muscles and from 440 to 4200 ng/g, wet wt (13000 to 69000 ng/g lipid wt) in liver. Penta-, hexa and hepta-CBs were dominating homologue classes both in the muscle tissue and liver. PCB congeners nos. 201, 209, 172/192. 194 and 195 were characterized by the greatest bioaccumulation factors (between 100 and 300). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been used to analyse accumulation pattern and interdependences among CB congeners.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Yurganov, L.N., et al.
(författare)
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A Quantitative Assessment of the 1998 Carbon Monoxide Emission Anomaly in the Northern Hemisphere Based on Total Column and Surface Concentration Measurements
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research. - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202. ; 109:15, s. D15305-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbon monoxide abundances in the atmosphere have been measured between January 1996 and December 2001 in the high Northern Hemisphere (HNH) (30degrees-90degreesN) using two different approaches: total column amounts of CO retrieved from infrared solar spectra and CO mixing ratios measured in situ at ground-based stations. The data were averaged, and anomalies of the CO HNH burden ( deviations of the total tropospheric mass between 30degreesN and 90degreesN from the mean seasonal profile, determined as the 5 year average) were analyzed. The anomalies obtained from in situ and total column data agree well and both show two maxima, by far the largest in October 1998 and a lower one in August 1996. A noticeable decrease of the positive 1998 summer anomaly with increasing height was found. A box model was applied, and anomalies in source rates were obtained under the assumption of insignificant interannual sink variations. In August 1998 the HNH emission anomaly was estimated to be 38 Tg month(-1). The annual 1998 emission positive anomaly was 96 Tg yr(-1). Nearly all excess CO may be attributed to the emissions from boreal forest fires. According to available inventories, biomass burning emits around 52 Tg yr(-1) during the "normal'' years; therefore total biomass emissions in 1998 were as large as 148 Tg yr(-1). In August 1998, CO contribution from the biomass burning was twice as large as that from fossil fuel combustion. The results were compared to available emission inventories.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Falandysz, J, et al.
(författare)
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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their congener-specific accumulation in edible fish from the Gulf of Gdask, Baltic Sea
- 2002
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Ingår i: Food Additives & Contaminants. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0265-203X. ; 19:8, s. 779-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Concentrations and composition profiles of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were investigated in composite samples of 10 species of edible fish from the Gulf of Gda sk, in the southern part of the Baltic Sea, Poland, to understand the status of contamination and possible human exposure risk. Apart from the total PCBs, planar non-ortho (IUPAC nos 77, 126, 169) and mono-ortho (nos 105, 114, 118, 123, 156, 157, 167, 189) chlorobiphenyls were also quantified and their dioxin-like toxicity assessed. The absolute total PCB concentrations in fish ranged from 43 to 490 ng g-1 wet wt (910-11000 ng g-1 lipids), while of TCDD TEQs of planar members were from 0.15 to 3.1 pg g-1 wet wt (8.1-81 pg g-1 lipids). The penta- and hexa-CBs usually comprised 70-80% of the total PCBs and were followed by hepta-, tetra- and tri-CBs, and for a specific site tri- and tetra-CBs comprised as much as 22%. Among the individual CB congeners, nos 118, 153 (+132) and 138 (+160 +163 +164) were the most abundant, while no. 110 comprised between 6.8 and 9.3% of the total PCBs in some species. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to examine the interdependences among CB congeners in the factor space. The PCA model and cluster analyses were further used to examine site- and species-specific differences and similarities of PCB composition, and the results are discussed. An assessed daily intake rate of TCDD TEQ of planar PCBs with the fishmeal of the Gulf of Gda sk in the 1990s was between 78 and 96 pg per capita or between 1.3 and 1.6 pg kg-1 body weight.
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| 9. |
- Larsson, L C, et al.
(författare)
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Porcine neural xenografts in rats and mice : donor tissue development and characteristics of rejection
- 2001
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Ingår i: Experimental Neurology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4886. ; 172:1, s. 14-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Embryonic ventral mesencephalic tissue from the pig is a potential alternative donor tissue for neural transplantation to Parkinson's disease patients. For stable graft survival, the host immune response has to be prevented. This study was performed in order to analyze the mechanisms and dynamics of neural xenograft rejection, as well as neurobiological properties of the donor tissue. Adult normal mice and rats, and cyclosporin A-treated rats, received intrastriatal transplants of dissociated embryonic ventral mesencephalic pig tissue that was 27 or 29 embryonic days of age (E27 and E29). The animals were perfused at 2, 4, 6, and 12 weeks after grafting and the brains were processed for immunohistochemistry of dopaminergic (tyrosine hydroxylase positive) neurons, CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes, natural killer cells, macrophages, microglia, and astrocytes. Thirty-five rats received daily injections of BrdU for 5 consecutive days at different time points after transplantation and were perfused at 6 weeks. These animals were analyzed for proliferation of cells in the donor tissue, both in healthy and in rejecting grafts. No tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells proliferated after grafting. Our results demonstrated that E27 was superior to E29 donor tissue for neurobiological reasons. Cyclosporin A immunosuppression was protective only during the first weeks and failed to protect the grafts in a long-term perspective. Grafts in mice were invariably rejected between 2 and 4 weeks after transplantation, while occasional grafts in untreated rats survived up to 12 weeks without signs of an ongoing rejection process. CD8(+) lymphocytes and microglia cells are most likely important effector cells in the late, cyclosporin A-resistant rejection process.
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| 10. |
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