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- Hillier, Ladeana W, et al.
(författare)
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Sequence and comparative analysis of the chicken genome provide unique perspectives on vertebrate evolution
- 2004
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Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 432:7018, s. 695-716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present here a draft genome sequence of the red jungle fowl, Gallus gallus. Because the chicken is a modern descendant of the dinosaurs and the first non-mammalian amniote to have its genome sequenced, the draft sequence of its genome--composed of approximately one billion base pairs of sequence and an estimated 20,000-23,000 genes--provides a new perspective on vertebrate genome evolution, while also improving the annotation of mammalian genomes. For example, the evolutionary distance between chicken and human provides high specificity in detecting functional elements, both non-coding and coding. Notably, many conserved non-coding sequences are far from genes and cannot be assigned to defined functional classes. In coding regions the evolutionary dynamics of protein domains and orthologous groups illustrate processes that distinguish the lineages leading to birds and mammals. The distinctive properties of avian microchromosomes, together with the inferred patterns of conserved synteny, provide additional insights into vertebrate chromosome architecture.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Dakers, A, et al.
(författare)
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Ecosystem Services
- 2002
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Ingår i: Understanding and Solving Environmental Problems in the 21st Century. ; , s. 127-138
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Kristensen, G B, et al.
(författare)
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First-line treatment of ovarian cancer FIGO stages IIb-IV with paclitaxel/epirubicin/carboplatin versus paclitaxel/carboplatin.
- 2003
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Ingår i: International Journal of Gynecological Cancer. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1048-891X .- 1525-1438. ; 13:s2, s. 172-177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of carboplatin plus epirubicin and paclitaxel (TEC) to carboplatin and paclitaxel (TC), in the treatment of epithelial ovarian, peritoneal, or tubal carcinoma. Between March 1999 and August 2001, 887 patients were randomized to receive six to nine cycles of paclitaxel (175 mg/m2, 3 h intravenously) followed by carboplatin (AUC 5, Calvert formula) with or without epirubicin (75 mg/m2 intravenously prior to paclitaxel), on a 3-weekly schedule. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival. Demographic information: Residual disease <1 cm was reported on 41% of patients. At the end of treatment, 65% in the TEC and 55% in the TC arm had achieved a clinical complete response, and 18 and 25% a clinical partial response resulting in an overall response rate of 83% in the TEC and 80% in the TC arm, whereas 7 and 9% had progressive disease, respectively. The three-drug combination produced a markedly higher myelotoxicity, resulting in a higher frequency of febrile neutropenia (12.5% of the TEC and 1.5% of the TC patients) and a higher number of dose reductions and treatment delays. Cycle prolongation above seven days was seen in 7 and 5% of cycles in the TEC and TC arm, respectively. Stomatitis > or = grade 3 was also higher with TEC (4% TEC and 0.5% TC). Reductions in left ventricular ejection fraction of more than 15% after six courses were slightly more common with the TEC regimen (3% versus 1.5%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.2). In conclusion, treatment with the TEC combination produced a higher rate of complete responses than treatment with the TC combination. Toxicity was manageable. Long-term survival data are awaited.
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| 7. |
- Gunnars, S., et al.
(författare)
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Model films of cellulose : I. Method development and initial results
- 2002
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Ingår i: Cellulose. - 0969-0239 .- 1572-882X. ; 9:04-mar, s. 239-249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This report presents a new method for the preparation of thin cellulose films. NMMO (N- methylmorpholine- N-oxide) was used to dissolve cellulose and addition of DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) was used to control viscosity of the cellulose solution. A thin layer of the cellulose solution is spin- coated onto a silicon oxide wafer and the cellulose is precipitated in deionised water. The cellulose film is anchored onto the silicon oxide wafer by a saturated polymer layer. Among many different polymers tested, PVAm (polyvinylamine) and G- PAM (glyoxalated- polyacrylamide) worked well. The preparation of cellulose model films described in this paper resulted in films with thicknesses in the range 20- 270 nm and the thickness can be controlled by altering the concentration of cellulose solution by addition of different amounts of DMSO. The films were cleaned in deionised water and were found to be free from solvents by ESCA analysis and contact angle measurements. The molecular weight distribution of the cellulose surface material shows that there is only minor breakdown of the cellulose chains, mainly by cleavage of the longest molecular mass fraction and without creation of low molecular mass oligomers of glucose.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Malmberg, Donald
(författare)
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Innovative Contact Free Sensors for Metallurgical Process Control
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The steel- and metal industry has an extensive production processing comprising many different process steps of solid, gaseous and liquid nature. Thus it is obvious that a number of different measurement technologies must be used to collect and evaluate key physical parameters which are necessary to control the production processes. In this respect, the software to monitor the processes have, during the past decade, undergone extensive improvement whilst the sensors reading off the instantaneous process status have not and are still afflicted with severe drawbacks.This situation, in combination with increased demands on energy savings and rules regarding reduction of green house gas emission (the Kyoto protocol), has created incentives for the development and implementation of new technologies to monitor and control production processes in the steel and metal industry.The objectives in this thesis are to develop and evaluate sensor technology that can be used for in-situ on line analysis of metallurgical processes.The work is divided into:- To test and evaluate microwave technology for on line slag analysis.- To design, develop and evaluate microwave sensors for off gas analysis.- To evaluate laser sensors for simultaneous analysis of the process environment in metallurgical processes with emphasis on measuring the oxygen concentration and temperature in a steel reheating furnaceDuring the work on slag a broad band antenna was used for the microwave investigations on solid and liquid slag. The results show that it is possible to evaluate a refractive index for both solid and liquid slag. The results also show that there is a weak correlation between the refractive index for liquid slag and slag basicity.Trials on off gases from a pilot process as well as a full scale metallurgical production processes have been performed with microwave technology. The instrument used for the microwave trials has been developed from individual components. The results show that it is possible to use the technology for process analysis however the data collected regarding individual spectral lines still remain to be correlated to known molecular frequencies.Laser technology for gas analysis is a known technology in many different industrial applications. However, using the technology in steel and metal production processes requires that the technology must be adapted to the environment specific to those processes. Trials on a pilot process has been performed to find a suitable set of O2 absorption line parameters to be used during the forthcoming trials of full scale production processes. The outcome of these trials clearly show that the TDLAS technology can be used successfully on reheating furnaces but have a limited application potential on the LD converter process as well as the EAF.The benefit of the presented work will on production scale contribute to a lowered emission of green house gases, lowered energy consumption and an improved production yield.
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| 10. |
- Porter, MM, et al.
(författare)
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Capillary supply of the tibialis anterior muscle in young, healthy, and moderately active men and women
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 1522-1601 .- 8750-7587. ; 92:4, s. 1451-1457
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tibialis anterior muscle biopsies from moderately active men and women (21-30 yr; n = 30) were examined to determine potential gender differences in capillarization. The fiber type proportions [type I (T1) similar to73%] were unaffected by gender. The men (M) had significantly (P < 0.001) larger fibers than the women (W), with a greater gender effect for type II (T2) fibers P < 0.001). The M and W had similar capillary densities (CD similar to390 capillaries/mm(2)), but the capillaries-to-fiber ratio (C/F) was higher in the M (M = 2.20 +/- 0.35, W = 1.66 +/- 0.32; P < 0.01). Capillary contacts (CC) were higher in T2 than T1 for the M (P < 0.01), but not W, and M had greater CC (P < 0.001). Both fiber area per capillary (FA/C) and fiber perimeter per capillary (FP/C) indicated that T1 fibers had greater capillarization than T2 fibers (P < 0.001). There were no gender differences in T1 FA/C and T2 FA/C or T1 FP/C, but a gender difference existed for T2 FP/C (M = 60.5 +/- 10.9, W = 70.6 +/- 13.4; P < 0.01). The gender difference for C/F could be explained by fiber size; however, the physiological implications of the difference in T2 FP/C remains to be determined. In conclusion, despite gender differences for fiber size, overall, capillarization was similar between the men and women.
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