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- Andersén, Jim, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Entrepreneurially oriented in what? A business model approach to entrepreneurship
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1462-6004 .- 1758-7840. ; 22:3, s. 433-449
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to illustrate and argue for the necessity of deconstructing the entrepreneurship concept by analyzing entrepreneurial orientation (EO) at various levels of the business model.Design/methodology/approach – Literature review supplemented with five illustrative cases.Findings – A business model approach to entrepreneurship enables identification of the component of the business model in which entrepreneurship was started. This has several implications for analysis of the EO-performance relationship and for the identification of antecedents to EO.Originality/value – The EO of firms has generally been analyzed at a generic level, i.e. the concept has been used to measure and analyze the overall entrepreneurship of firms. In this paper, the authors argue that EO can be present in various dimensions of a business and that firms can be entrepreneurial in certain areas and conservative in other areas.
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- Marvão, Catarina, et al.
(författare)
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Cartels and Leniency : Taking stock of what we learnt
- 2016
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cartels remain widespread and constitute a major problem for society. Leniency policies reduce or cancel the sanctions for the first firm(s) that self-report being part of a cartel and have become the main enforcement instrument used by competition authorities around the world in their fight against cartels. Such policies have shown to be a powerful tool in inducing firms to self-report or cooperate with a cartel investigation in exchange for a reduction in sanctions. Since they reduce sanctions for successful leniency applicants, these programs may also be abused to generate many successful convictions for the competition authority at the expense of reduced cartel deterrence and social welfare. Hence, it is vital for competition authorities and society to understand how leniency programs affect firms’ incentives, in order to optimize their design and administration. A rich theoretical, empirical and experimental economic literature developed in the last two decades to meet the challenge. In this chapter, we review some of the key studies which have been undertaken to date, with emphasis on more recent contributions and without claiming to be exhaustive (we apologize in advance to the authors of papers we could not discuss), highlighting and comparing the main results, and setting out their limitations. We conclude with a general assessment and an agenda for future research on this topic at the core of competition policy.
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- Succar, Julien, et al.
(författare)
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Mouse Mast Cell Protease-4 Recruits Leukocytes in the Inflammatory Phase of Surgically Wounded Skin
- 2019
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Ingår i: ADVANCES IN WOUND CARE. - : MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC. - 2162-1918 .- 2162-1934. ; 8:10, s. 469-475
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Mouse mast cell protease-4 (mMCP-4, also known as chymase) has both pro- and anti-inflammatory roles depending on the disease model. However, its effects have not been studied in surgically wounded skin. Given the significant clinical applications of modulating the inflammatory response in wound healing, we examined the role of mMCP-4 and the effect of its inhibitor chymostatin on leukocyte and polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) recruitment in our skin model. Approach: Recruitment was assessed on day-1 postwounding of three groups of mice (n = 10 each): mMCP-4 null mice, wild-type (WT) mice treated with the mMCP-4 inhibitor chymostatin, and WT with no other intervention. Leukocytes were stained with CD-45 cell marker, and PMN cells were stained with chloroacetate esterase. Results: The WT mice had 27 +/- 9 leukocytes per field compared with 11 +/- 6 for the mMCP-4 nulls, a decrease of 60% (p = 0.03), whereas the chymostatin-injected group had a count comparable with the uninjected WT controls at 24 +/- 9. The WT group had a PMN count of 96 +/- 12 cells, compared with just 24 +/- 8 in the mMCP-4 null group, a decrease of 75% (p = 0.001), whereas the chymostatin-treated group had 60 +/- 18 cells, a decrease of 38% compared with the WT group (p = 0.03). Innovation: We showed that the inflammatory process can be influenced by impeding the arrival of PMNs into the surgically injured site using the mMCP-4 inhibitor chymostatin. Conclusion: Chymase contributes to the recruitment of white blood cells in surgically wounded skin.
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