| 1. |
- Dohan Ehrenfest, David, et al.
(författare)
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Classification of osseointegrated implant surfaces: materials, chemistry and topography
- 2010
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Ingår i: Trends in Biotechnology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-7799. ; 28:4, s. 198-206
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the founding of the osseointegration concept, the characteristics of the interface between bone and implant, and possible ways to improve it, have been of particular interest in dental and orthopaedic implant research. Making use of standardized tools of analysis and terminology, we present here a standardized characterization code for osseointegrated implant surfaces. This code describes the chemical composition of the surface, that is, the core material, such as titanium, and its chemical or biochemical modification through impregnation or coating. This code also defines the physical surface features, at the micro- and nanoscale, such as microroughness, microporosity, nanoroughness, nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanopatterning and fractal architecture. This standardized classification system will allow to clarify unambiguously the identity of any given osseointegrated surface and help to identify the biological outcomes of each surface characteristic. Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Jimbo, Ryo, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Principal component analysis: A novel analysis to evaluate the characteristics of osseointegration of different implant surfaces
- 2011
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Ingår i: Implant Dentistry. - 1056-6163. ; 20:5, s. 364-368
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To apply a new statistical method (principle component analysis; PCA) to evaluate osseointegration. Materials and Methods: Two different commercially available implants were selected for the study. Twenty implants, 10 of each type, were placed in the rabbit tibiae (n = 10). The fluorochromes (FLCs) alizarin complexone and calcein green were administered after 20 days and 4 days before sacrifice for labeling. On the day of implantation and retrieval (6 weeks), implant stability was measured with a resonance frequency analyzer (RFA). The retrieved samples were ground sectioned for histomorphometric and FLC quantification. The collected data were analyzed by a PCA software program (Qlucore Omics Explorer, Lund, Sweden) to explore and determine the correlation between different study variables and to analyze the differences between different implants. Results: The RFA presented no significant differences at either time point. The bone-to-implant contact was significantly higher for the TiUnite (NobelBiocare, Gothenburg, Sweden); however, the bone area and FLC quantification showed higher values for the Osseotite (3i Implant Innovation, FL). Consistent with these results, the PCA indicated a strong correlation between TiUnite and high bone-to-implant contact values and between Osseotite and high bone area and FLC values. No correlation between RFA and the biological responses were found. Conclusion: The application of the PCA analysis may help interpret and correlate results obtained from numerous evaluations.
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| 3. |
- Jimbo, Ryo, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Protein adsorption to surface chemistry and crystal structure modification of titanium surfaces
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Research. - : Stilus Optimus. - 2029-283X. ; 1:3, s. e3-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To observe the early adsorption of extracellular matrix and blood plasma proteins to magnesium-incorporated titanium oxide surfaces, which has shown superior bone response in animal models.Material and Methods: Commercially pure titanium discs were blasted with titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles (control), and for the test group, TiO2 blasted discs were further processed with a micro-arc oxidation method (test). Surface morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, surface topography by optic interferometry, characterization by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The adsorption of 3 different proteins (fibronectin, albumin, and collagen type I) was investigated by an immunoblotting technique.Results: The test surface showed a porous structure, whereas the control surface showed a typical TiO2 blasted structure. XPS data revealed magnesium-incorporation to the anodic oxide film of the surface. There was no difference in surface roughness between the control and test surfaces. For the protein adsorption test, the amount of albumin was significantly higher on the control surface whereas the amount of fibronectin was significantly higher on the test surface. Although there was no significant difference, the test surface had a tendency to adsorb more collagen type I.Conclusions: The magnesium-incorporated anodized surface showed significantly higher fibronectin adsorption and lower albumin adsorption than the blasted surface. These results may be one of the reasons for the excellent bone response previously observed in animal studies.
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| 4. |
- Kang, Byung-Soo, et al.
(författare)
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Metal plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (MePIIID) on screw-shaped titanium implant: The effects of ion source, ion dose and acceleration voltage on surface chemistry and morphology.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Medical Engineering & Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0951-8320 .- 1350-4533. ; 33:6, s. 730-738
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study investigated the effect of metal plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (MePIIID) process parameters, i.e., plasma sources of magnesium and calcium, ion dose, and acceleration voltage on the surface chemistry and morphology of screw-type titanium implants that have been most widely used for osseointegrated implants. It is found that irrespective of plasma ion source, surface topography and roughness showed no differences at the nanometer level; that atom concentrations increased with ion dose but decreased with acceleration voltage. Data obtained from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and auger electron spectroscopy suggested that MePIIID process produces ‘intermixed’ layer of cathodic arc deposition and plasma immersion ion implantation. The MePIIID process may create desired bioactive surface chemistry of dental and orthopaedic implants by tailoring ion and plasma sources and thus enable investigations of the effect of the surface chemistry on bone response.
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| 5. |
- Kang, Byung-Soo, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of calcium ion concentration on the bone response to oxidized titanium implants
- 2012
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Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - Malden, USA : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 23:6, s. 690-697
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To investigate the effect of calcium concentration on the bone tissue response to Ca-incorporated titanium implants.Materials and methods: Two titanium surfaces containing 4.2% and 6.6% calcium were prepared using the micro-arc oxidation process. The implants were inserted in the tibia of nine New Zealand White rabbits. After 6 weeks of healing, the bone response to the implants was quantitatively compared by biomechanical and histomorphometrical measurements.Results: Ca 4.2% and Ca 6.6% containing implants revealed no distinctive differences in their qualitative surface chemistry; chemical bonding state of Ca in titanium oxide was mainly calcium titanates. No significant differences were observed between two implants in peak removal torque and shear strength comparisons (P>0.05). Histomorphometrical analyses presented no significant differences in bonemetal contact, bone area and newly formed bone measurements between two implants (P>0.05).Conclusions: From biomechanical and histomorphometrical measurements, the two calcium concentrations in this study did not differ significantly with respect to their influence on the bone tissue response. This similar bone response in rabbit tibiae may be explained by the similarity of the qualitative Ca chemistry in titanium surfaces.
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| 6. |
- Sul, Young-Taeg, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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A novel in vivo method for quantifying the interfacial biochemical bond strength of bone implants
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of the Royal Society Interface. - London, United Kingdom : Royal Society. - 1742-5689 .- 1742-5662. ; 7:42, s. 81-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quantifying the in vivo interfacial biochemical bond strength of bone implants is a biological challenge. We have developed a new and novel in vivo method to identify an interfacial biochemical bond in bone implants and to measure its bonding strength. This method, named biochemical bond measurement (BBM), involves a combination of the implant devices to measure true interfacial bond strength and surface property controls, and thus enables the contributions of mechanical interlocking and biochemical bonding to be distinguished from the measured strength values. We applied the BBM method to a rabbit model, and observed great differences in bone integration between the oxygen (control group) and magnesium (test group) plasma immersion ion-implanted titanium implants (0.046 versus 0.086 MPa, n=10, p=0.005). The biochemical bond in the test implants resulted in superior interfacial behaviour of the implants to bone: (i) close contact to approximately 2 μm thin amorphous interfacial tissue, (ii) pronounced mineralization of the interfacial tissue, (iii) rapid bone healing in contact, and (iv) strong integration to bone. The BBM method can be applied to in vivo experimental models not only to validate the presence of a biochemical bond at the bone–implant interface but also to measure the relative quantity of biochemical bond strength. The present study may provide new avenues for better understanding the role of a biochemical bond involved in the integration of bone implants.
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| 7. |
- Sul, Young-Taeg, 1960
(författare)
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Electrochemical growth behavior, surface properties, and enhanced in vivo bone response of TiO2 nanotubes on microstructured surfaces of blasted, screw-shaped titanium implants
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Nanomedicine. - 1176-9114. ; 5, s. 87-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract: TiO2 nanotubes are fabricated on TiO2 grit-blasted, screw-shaped rough titanium (ASTM grade 4) implants (3.75 × 7 mm) using potentiostatic anodization at 20 V in 1 M H3PO4 + 0.4 wt.% HF. The growth behavior and surface properties of the nanotubes are investigated as a function of the reaction time. The results show that vertically aligned nanotubes of ≈700 nm in length, with highly ordered structures of ≈40 nm spacing and ≈15 nm wall thickness may be grown independent of reaction time. The geometrical properties of nanotubes increase with reaction time (mean pore size, pore size distribution [PSD], and porosity ≈90 nm, ≈40–127 nm and 45%, respectively for 30 minutes; ≈107 nm, ≈63–140 nm and 56% for one hour; ≈108 nm, ≈58–150 nm and 60% for three hours). It is found that the fluorinated chemistry of the nanotubes of F-TiO2, TiOF2, and F-Ti-O with F ion incorporation of ≈5 at.%, and their amorphous structure is the same regardless of the reaction time, while the average roughness (Sa) gradually decreases and the developed surface area (Sdr) slightly increases with reaction time. The results of studies on animals show that, despite their low roughness values, after six weeks the fluorinated TiO2 nanotube implants in rabbit femurs demonstrate significantly increased osseointegration strengths (41 vs 29 Ncm; P = 0.008) and new bone formation (57.5% vs 65.5%; P = 0.008) (n = 8), and reveal more frequently direct bone/cell contact at the bone–implant interface by high-resolution scanning electron microscope observations as compared with the blasted, moderately rough implants that have hitherto been widely used for clinically favorable performance. The results of the animal studies constitute significant evidence that the presence of the nanotubes and the resulting fluorinated surface chemistry determine the nature of the bone responses to the implants. The present in vivo results point to potential applications of the TiO2 nanotubes in the field of bone implants and bone tissue engineering.
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| 8. |
- Sul, Young-Taeg, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental evidence for interfacial biochemical bonding in osseointegrated titanium implants
- 2013
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Ingår i: Clinical oral implants research. - : Wiley. - 1600-0501 .- 0905-7161. ; 24:Supplement A100, s. 8-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: (i) To identify and quantify an interfacial biochemical bond and the bonding strength of osseointegrated implants with bioactive titanium oxide chemistry, ATiOxB (A, metal cations; TiO(x) , titanium oxides/hydroxides; B, non-metal anions) and (ii) to provide quantitative evidence for the biochemical bond theory of osseointegration proposed by Sul etal. for description and explanation of why and how the implants with ATiO(x) B surface oxide chemistry may exhibit a significantly stronger bone response, in spite of the fact that the roughness values approached zero, or were equivalent to or significantly lower than those of the control implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We applied a newly developed biochemical bond measurement (BBM) method to model implant surfaces that were "perfectly" smooth nanotopography near-zero roughness as the constant parameter, and used the bioactive surface chemistry of titanium oxide, ATiO(x) B chemistry as a variable parameter in rabbit tibiae for 10weeks. In this manner, we determined an interfacial biochemical bond and quantified its bonding strength. RESULTS: The increase in biochemical bond strengths of the test implant relative to the control implant was determined to be 0.018 (±0.008) MPa (0.031 vs 0.021 MPa, n=10) for tensile strength and 8.9 (±6.1) Ncm (33.0 vs 24.1 Ncm, n=10) for removal torque. Tensile and removal torque show strong correlation in the Pearson test (r=0.901, P≤0.001). In addition, histomorphometric measurements including bone-to-metal-contact (BMC, P=0.007), bone area and newly formed bone showed significant increases in the mean values for ATiO(x) B chemistry (P=0.007, n=10). Biochemical bond theory states that the surface oxide chemistry, ATiO(x) B must have more electrical and chemical molecular polarity that fractionally charges the surfaces denoted as δ(+) and δ(-) and leads to electrostatic and electrodynamic interactions with the bone healing cascade, eventually leading to the formation of biochemical bonding at the bone/implant interface. CONCLUSIONS: The present study has provided quantitative evidence for biochemical bond theory of osseointegration of implants with bioactive surface oxide chemistry, ATiO(x) B. The theory of biochemical bonds may provide a scientific rationale pertinent to recent emerging trends and technologies for surface chemistry modifications of implants.
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| 9. |
- Sul, Young-Taeg, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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The osseointegration properties of titanium implants with hydroxyapatite submicron-scale features in the rabbit tibia.
- 2014
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Ingår i: The International journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry. - : Quintessence Publishing. - 1945-3388 .- 0198-7569. ; 34:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to biomechanically and histologically assess the stability and integration of titanium implants that include hydroxyapatite based submicron-scale features. Thirty-four 3.4 mm × 6.5 mm implants, equally split between test (grit blasted, etched, and submicron scale deposition) and control (grit blasted and etched) groups, were placed in the tibiae of New Zealand White rabbits. At 3-weeks follow-up, the group with the submicron deposition showed significantly improved bone response compared with the control group. The test group required higher removal torque values, with its post-torque histology demonstrating both enhanced bone formation and an intact interface indicative of a robust bone-to-implant bond.
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