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- Zhang, Xueli, 1991-
(författare)
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Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Therapy and Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer : a study from databases, machine learning predictions to laboratory confirmations
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Early diagnosis and better therapy response have been believed to be associated with better prognosis. CRC biomarkers are considered as precise indicators for the early diagnosis and better therapy response. It is, therefore, of importance to find out, analyze and evaluate the CRC biomarkers to further provide the more precis evidence for predicting novel potential biomarkers and eventually to improve early diagnosis, personalized therapy and prognosis for CRC.In this study, we started with creating and establishing a CRC biomarker database. (CBD: http://sysbio.suda.edu.cn/CBD/index.html) In the CBD database, there were 870 reported CRC biomarkers collected from the published articles in PubMed. In this version of the CBD, CRC biomarker data was carefully collected, sorted, displayed, and analyzed. The major applications of the CBD are to provide 1) the records of CRC biomarkers (DNA, RNA, protein and others) concerning diagnosis, treatment and prognosis; 2) the basic and clinical research information concerning the CRC biomarkers; 3) the primary results for bioinformatics and biostatics analysis of the CRC biomarkers; 4) downloading/uploading the biomedicine information for CRC biomarkers.Based on our CBD and other public databases, we further analyzed the presented CRC biomarkers (DNAs, RNAs, proteins) and predicted novel potential multiple biomarkers (the combination of single biomarkers) with biological networks and pathways analysis for diagnosis, therapy response and prognosis in CRC. We found several hub biomarkers and key pathways for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis in CRC. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) test and survival analysis by microarray data revealed that multiple biomarkers could be better biomarkers than the single biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC.There are 62 diagnosis biomarkers for colon cancer in our CBD. In the previous studies, we found these present biomarkers were not enough to improve significantly the diagnosis of colon cancer. In order to find out novel biomarkers for the colon cancer diagnosis, we have performed /machine learning (ML) techniques such as support vector machine (SVM) and regression tree to predict candidate to discover diagnostic biomarkers for colon cancer. Based on the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network topology features of the identified biomarkers, we found 12 protein biomarkers which were considered as the candidate colon cancer diagnosis biomarkers. Among these protein biomarkers Chromogranin-A (CHGA) was the most powerful biomarker, which showed good performance in bioinformatics test and Immunohistochemistry(IHC). We are now expanding this study to CRC.Expression of CHGA protein in colon cancer was further verified with a novel logistic regressionbased meta-analysis, and convinced as a valuable diagnostic biomarker as compared with the typical diagnostic biomarkers, such as TP53, KRAS and MKI67.microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) have been considered as potential biomarkers. A novel miRNA-mRNA interaction network-based model was used to predict miRNA biomarkers for CRC and found that miRNA-186-5p, miRNA-10b-5p and miRNA-30e-5p might be the novel biomarkers for CRC diagnosis. In conclusion, we have created a useful CBD database for CRC biomarkers and provided detailed information for how to use the CBD in CRC biomarker investigations. Our studies have been focusing on the biomarkers in diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. Based on our CBD and other powerful cancer associated databases, ML has been used to analyze the characteristics of the CRC biomarkers and predict novel potential CRC biomarkers. The predicted potential biomarkers were further confirmed at biomedical laboratory.
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- Kotti, Angeliki
(författare)
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Clinical and Biological Factors Related to Survival in Patients with Rectal Cancer
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rectal cancer is a common malignancy within the gastrointestinal tract. Despite the advances in diagnosis and treatment of rectal cancer patients during the last decades, there are still many patients who die from their disease. In order to personalise the therapy and optimise the clinical outcomes, it is important to identify factors that have an impact on survival of rectal cancer patients. Therefore, the overall aim of this thesis was to identify clinical and biological factors that were related to survival in patients with rectal cancer. Paper I aimed to evaluate the impact of statins on survival in older and younger patients with rectal cancer. The study included 238 older patients (≥70 years) and 227 younger patients (<70 years) from the southeast healthcare region of Sweden. The patients were classified as statin users if they used any type of statins at the time of the cancer diagnosis. In the older group, statin users had better cancer-specific survival, disease-free survival, and overall survival compared with non-users. No such association was present in the younger group. Paper II aimed to evaluate the impact of computed tomography (CT)-measured body composition on survival in rectal cancer patients. The study included 173 patients from the region Ostergotland of Sweden who underwent a CT colonography at the time of diagnosis. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) and visceral adipose tissue area (VAT) were quantified at the level of the third lumbar vertebral body, using the CT colonography acquired at the time of diagnosis. The patients were divided into a low or high SMI group, and a low or high VAT group. Low SMI was related to worse survival compared to high SMI in all the patients. High VAT was related to better survival in men with low or middle rectal cancer, while high VAT was related to worse survival in women with low or middle rectal cancer. Paper III aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of SPARCL1 expression in patients with rectal cancer with a focus on radiotherapy (RT). The study included 138 patients with rectal cancer who participated in the Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial. Of those, 63 patients underwent both preoperative RT and surgery, while 75 patients had surgery alone. SPARCL1 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. Strong SPARCL1 expression was related to better overall survival compared to weak SPARCL1 expression in patients with stage III disease who received RT, but not in patients with stage III disease who did not receive RT. Moreover, SPARCL1 expression was increased in primary tumours with RT compared to tumours without RT. In summary, statin use was related to improved survival in older patients with rectal cancer. CT-measured body composition parameters provided useful information for determining the prognosis of rectal cancer patients. SPARCL1 was identified as a potential prognostic biomarker in rectal cancer patients who received preoperative RT. Conclusively, the results of this thesis indicate that statin drugs, CT-measured body composition and SPARCL1 are factors related to survival in patients with rectal cancer. The evidence may benefit patients by more accurate estimating of their prognosis, personalised treatment and improved clinical outcomes.
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- Luo, Yifei, et al.
(författare)
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Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society. - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 17:6, s. 5211-5295
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity.
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- Fan, Qunping, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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High-performance all-polymer solar cells enabled by a novel low bandgap non-fully conjugated polymer acceptor
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science in China Series B. - : Springer Nature. - 1674-7291 .- 1869-1870. ; 64, s. 1380-1388
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anon-fully conjugated polymer as a new class of acceptor materials has shown some advantages over its small molecular counterpart when used in photoactive layers for all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs), despite a low power conversion efficiency (PCE) caused by its narrow absorption spectra. Herein, a novel non-fully conjugated polymer acceptor PFY-2TS with a low bandgap of similar to 1.40 eV was developed, via polymerizing a large pi-fused small molecule acceptor (SMA) building block (namely YBO) with a non-conjugated thioalkyl linkage. Compared with its precursor YBO, PFY-2TS retains a similar low bandgap but a higher LUMO level. Moreover, compared with the structural analog of YBO-based fully conjugated polymer acceptor PFY-DTC, PFY-2TS shows similar absorption spectrum and electron mobility, but significantly different molecular crystallinity and aggregation properties, which results in optimal blend morphology with a polymer donor PBDB-T and better device physical processes in all-PSCs. As a result, PFY-2TS-based all-PSCs achieved a PCE of 12.31% with a small energy loss of 0.56 eV enabled by the reduced non-radiative energy loss (0.24 eV), which is better than that of 11.08% for the PFY-DTC-based ones. Our work clearly demonstrated that non-fully conjugated polymers as a new class of acceptor materials are very promising for the development of high-performance all-PSCs.
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