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- Cederholm, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
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Konsten att hävda en skog : bönder och herrar i senmedeltida skogskonflikter i Skåne
- 2006
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Ingår i: Gods och bönder från högmedeltid till nutid : kontinuitet genom omvandling på Vittskövle och andra skånska gods. - 9789189116597 ; , s. 317-361
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this article the author examines varieties of resource-conflicts between peasants and lords regarding woods and forests in Scania, Denmark, during the late 15th and early 16th centuries. Important results are among others that the wood resource was very disputed this period due to an increasing population pressure as well as an expansive landed aristocracy. The patterns of conflict were often complex, involving cooperation between peasants and lords on both sides. The conflicts also illustrate the different actions peasants could choose in social conflicts, with legal negotiations, risings, political negotiations and some times royal privileges and legislation.
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- Henfridsson, Urban, et al.
(författare)
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Wave energy potential in the Baltic Sea and the Danish part of the North Sea, with reflections on the Skagerrak
- 2007
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Ingår i: Renewable energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-1481 .- 1879-0682. ; 32:12, s. 2069-2084
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wave power, along with renewable energy-generating sources like tides and streams, is underestimated considering its advantageous physical properties and predictability. This paper examines possible examples of wave power installations in the Baltic Sea and the Danish part of the North Sea. Hindcasting data is used allowing estimations of wave energy generated and results show promising areas in the North Sea, but also several parts of the Baltic Sea are of interest. The study is based upon linear generator technique, placed on the seabed using point-absorbers arranged in arrays of up to several thousand units. The study aims at showing the physical possibilities of wave energy, including economical feasibility and environmental advantages of wave energy even in moderate wave climates. With discussion from two examples in the Baltic Sea, one in the Danish North Sea and a new pilot study site in the Swedish part of Skagerrak, this study show feasible illustrations of wave energy takeouts. Project examples vary in size due to distance to grid, grid voltage, and may thus be economically feasible. Examples also show considerations in societal and nature conservation matters, including aspects such as industrial and military interests, archaeological or marine reserves and local geology. The authors conclude that wave energy electric conversion is an option that needs more attention and which has several advantages compared to conventional renewable sources. Sound engineering, in combination with producer, consumer and broad societal perspective is advised for a sustainable development of wave energy conversion.
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- Karlsson, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Hazard identification of contaminated sites-ranking potential toxicity of organic sediment extracts in crustacean and fish
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Soils and Sediments. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-0108 .- 1614-7480. ; 8:4, s. 263-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background, aim, and scope It is well known that contaminated sediments represent a potential long-term source of pollutants to the aquatic environment. To protect human and ecosystem health, it is becoming common to remediate contaminated sites. However, the great cost associated with,e.g., dredging in combination with the large numbers of contaminated sites makes it crucial to pinpoint those sites that are in greatest need of remediation. In most European countries, this prioritization process has almost exclusively been based on chemical analyses of known substances; only seldom toxicity data has been considered. The main objective of the current study was therefore to develop a tool for hazard identification of sediment by ranking potential toxicity of organic sediment extracts in a crustacean and a fish. A secondary objective was to investigate the difference in potential toxicity between compoundswith different polarities. Materials and methods Early life stages of the crustacean Nitocra spinipes and the fish Oncorhynchus mykiss, which represent organisms from different trophic levels (primary and secondary consumer) and with different routes of exposure(i.e., ingestion through food, diffusive uptake, and maternal transfer), were exposed to hexane and acetone fractions(semi-polar compounds) of sediment from five locations,ranging from heavily to low contaminated. Preliminary tests showed that the extracts were non-bioavailable to the crustacean when exposed via water, and the extracts were therefore loaded on silica gel. Rainbow trout embryos were exposed using nano-injection technique. Results and discussion Clear concentration–response relationships of both mortality and larval development were observed in all tests with N. spinipes. Also for rainbow trout,the observed effects (e.g., abnormality, hemorrhage, asymmetric yolk sac) followed a dose-related pattern. Interestingly, our results indicate that some of the locations contained toxic semi-polar compounds, which are normally not considered in risk assessment of sediment since they are focused on compounds isolated in the hexane fraction. Conclusions The ranking of the five sediments followed the expected pattern of potential toxicity in both organisms, i.e.,sediments with known pollution history caused major effects while reference sediments caused minor effects in the two test systems. Silica gel turned out to be an excellent carrier for exposure of N. spinipes to very hydrophobic and otherwise non-bioavailable sediment extracts. Recommendations and perspectives Since both test systems demonstrated that a substantial part of the potential toxicity was caused by semi-polar compounds in the acetone fractions,this study enlightens our poor understanding of which compounds are causing adverse effects in environmental samples. Therefore, by investigating potential toxicity (i.e., hazard identification) as a first screening step in prioritizing processes,these implications could be avoided. For proper sediment risk assessment, we however recommend whole sediment toxicity tests to be used for selected sites at following tiers.
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- Olsson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Gods i kontinuitet och omvandling
- 2006
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Ingår i: Gods och bönder från högmedeltid till nutid. Kontinuitet genom omvandling på Vittskövle och andra skånska gods. ; , s. 7-20
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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