| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Bojan, Alicja J., 1980, et al.
(författare)
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A new bone adhesive candidate- does it work in human bone? An ex-vivo preclinical evaluation in fresh human osteoporotic femoral head bone
- 2022
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Ingår i: Injury-International Journal of the Care of the Injured. - : Elsevier BV. - 0020-1383 .- 1879-0267. ; 53:6, s. 1858-1866
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The fixation of small intraarticular bone fragments is clinically challenging and an obvious first orthopaedic indication for an effective bone adhesive. In the present study the feasibility of bonding freshly harvested human trabecular bone with OsStic(R), a novel phosphoserine modified cement, was evaluated using a bone cylinder model pull-out test and compared with a commercial fibrin tissue adhesive. Methods: Femoral heads (n=13) were collected from hip fracture patients undergoing arthroplasty and stored refrigerated overnight in saline medium prior to testing. Cylindrical bone cores with a pre-inserted bone screw, were prepared using a coring tool. Each core was removed and glued back in place with either the bone adhesive (alpha-tricalcium phosphate, phosphoserine and 20% trisodium citrate solution) or the fibrin glue. All glued bones were stored in bone medium at 37 degrees C. Tensile loading, using a universal testing machine (5 kN load cell), was applied to each core/head. For the bone adhesive, bone cores were tested at 2 (n=13) and 24 (n=11) hours. For the fibrin tissue adhesive control group (n=9), bone cores were tested exclusively at 2 hours. The femoral bone quality was evaluated with micro-CT. Results: The ultimate pull-out load for the bone adhesive at 2 hours ranged from 36 to 171 N (mean 94 N, SD 42 N). At 24 hours the pull-out strength was similar, 47 to 198 N (mean 123 N, SD 43 N). The adhesive failure usually occurred through the adhesive layer, however in two samples, at 167 N and 198 N the screw pulled out of the bone core. The fibrin tissue adhesive group reached a peak force of 8 N maximally at 2 hours (range 2.8-8 N, mean 5.4 N, SD 1.6 N). The mean BV/TV for femoral heads was 0.15 and indicates poor bone quality. Conclusion: The bone adhesive successfully glued wet and fatty tissue of osteoporotic human bone cores. The mean ultimate pull-out force of 123 N at 24 hours corresponds to similar to 300 kPa shear stress acting on the bone core. These first ex-vivo results in human bone are a promising step toward potential clinical application in osteochondral fragment fixation. (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 3. |
- Dey, D K, et al.
(författare)
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Body mass index, weight change and mortality in the elderly. A 15 y longitudinal population study of 70 y olds
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 55:6, s. 482-492
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) at age 70, weight change between age 70 and 75, and 15 y mortality. DESIGN: Cohort study of 70-y-olds. SETTING: Geriatric Medicine Department, Göteborg University, Sweden. SUBJECTS: A total of 2628 (1225 males and 1403 females) 70-y-olds examined in 1971--1981 in Gothenburg, Sweden. RESULTS: The relative risks (RRs) for 15 y mortality were highest in the lowest BMI quintiles of males 1.20 (95% CI 0.96--1.51) and females 1.49 (95% CI 1.14--1.96). In non-smoking males, no significant differences were observed across the quintiles for 5, 10 and 15 y mortality. In non-smoking females, the highest RR (1.58, 95% CI 1.15--2.16) for 15 y mortality was in the lowest quintile. After exclusion of first 5 y death, no excess risks were found in males for following 5 and 10 y mortality across the quintiles. In females, a U-shaped relation was observed after such exclusions. BMI ranges with lowest 15 y mortality were 27--29 and 25--27 kg/m(2) in non-smoking males and females, respectively. A weight loss of > or = 10% between age 70 and 75 meant a significantly higher risk for subsequent 5 and 10 y mortality in both sexes relative to individuals with 'stable' weights. CONCLUSION: Low BMI and weight loss are risk factors for mortality in the elderly and smoking habits did not significantly modify that relationship. The BMI ranges with lowest risks for 15 y mortality are relatively higher in elderly. Exclusion of early deaths from the analysis modified the weight-mortality relationship in elderly males but not in females.
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| 4. |
- Dey, D K, et al.
(författare)
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Height and body weight in the elderly. I. A 25-year longitudinal study of a population aged 70 to 95 years
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 53:12, s. 905-914
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To describe longitudinal changes in height and body weight between the ages of 70 and 95 y. DESIGN : Longitudinal cohort study with representative sample of 70-y-olds. SETTING: Department of Geriatric Medicine, Göteborg University, Sweden. SUBJECTS: 449 males and 524 females, aged 70 y, living in Göteborg were examined in 1971-72 and this study population participated on 11 occasions during a 25-year follow-up. RESULTS: Mean height decreased 4 and 4.9 cm in males and females respectively and the trend was significant between the ages of 70 and 95 y in both sexes. Between 70 and 75 y of age, a significant difference was found between quintiles of body height where in the highest quintile height was lowered by 0.4 and 0. 3 cm/y, in males and females respectively, and in the lowest quintile by 0.1 cm/y in both sexes. Mean body weight decreased 3.2 and 5.1 kg in males and females respectively, from age 70 to 95 y. The trend was significant over 22 and 20 y for males and females, respectively.Between the ages of 70 and 80 y, individuals in highest quintile of body weight decreased at a rate of 0.8 and 0.6 kg/y, three times higher than those in lowest quintile. Due to the decrease in both height and weight over time, body mass index (BMI) was less affected. CONCLUSION: Height, body weight and BMI decreased significantly in both sexes after age 70 y, and there was a gender difference in the trend. The results can be used as reference data for Swedish elderly and might be of importance to the understanding of anthropometry with the ageing process.
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| 5. |
- Gullberg, Joanna, et al.
(författare)
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The challenge of applying digital image processing software on intraoral radiographs for osteoporosis risk assessment
- 2022
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Ingår i: Dentomaxillofacial Radiology. - : British Institute of Radiology. - 0250-832X .- 1476-542X. ; 51:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate rater agreement and the accuracy of a semi-automated software and its fully automated tool for osteoporosis risk assessment in intraoral radiographs. Methods: A total of 567 intraoral radiographs was selected retrospectively from women aged 75-80 years participating in a large population based study (SUPERB) based in Gothenburg, Sweden. Five raters assessed participants' risk of osteoporosis in the intraoral radiographs using a semi-automated software. Assessments were repeated after 4 weeks on 121 radiographs (20%) randomly selected from the original 567. Radiographs were also assessed by the soft wares' fully automated tool for analysis. Results: Overall interrater agreement for the five raters was 0.37 (95% CI 0.32-0.41), and for the five raters with the fully automated tool included as 'sixth rater' the overall Kappa was 0.34 (0.30-0.38). Intrarater agreement varied from moderate to substantial according to the Landis and Koch interpretation scale. Diagnostic accuracy was calculated in relation to reference standard for osteoporosis diagnosis which is T score values for spine, total hip and femoral neck and presented in form of sensitivities, specificities, predictive values, likelihood ratios and odds ratios. All raters' mean sensitivity, including the fully automated tool, was 40,4% (range 14,3%-57,6%). Corresponding values for specificity was 69,5% (range 59,7%-90,4%). The diagnostic odds ratios ranged between 1 and 2.7. Conclusion: The low diagnostic odds ratio and agreement between raters in osteoporosis risk assessment using the software for analysis of the trabecular pattern in intraoral radiographs shows that more work needs to be done to optimise the automation of trabecular pattern analysis in intraoral radiographs.
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| 6. |
- Khan, Muhammad Tanweer, et al.
(författare)
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Synergy and oxygen adaptation for development of next-generation probiotics
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836. ; 620:7973
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The human gut microbiota has gained interest as an environmental factor that may contribute to health or disease(1). The development of next-generation probiotics is a promising strategy to modulate the gut microbiota and improve human health; however, several key candidate next-generation probiotics are strictly anaerobic(2) and may require synergy with other bacteria for optimal growth. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is a highly prevalent and abundant human gut bacterium associated with human health, but it has not yet been developed into probiotic formulations(2). Here we describe the co-isolation of F. prausnitzii and Desulfovibrio piger, a sulfate-reducing bacterium, and their cross-feeding for growth and butyrate production. To produce a next-generation probiotic formulation, we adapted F. prausnitzii to tolerate oxygen exposure, and, in proof-of-concept studies, we demonstrate that the symbiotic product is tolerated by mice and humans (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: ) and is detected in the human gut in a subset of study participants. Our study describes a technology for the production of next-generation probiotics based on the adaptation of strictly anaerobic bacteria to tolerate oxygen exposures without a reduction in potential beneficial properties. Our technology may be used for the development of other strictly anaerobic strains as next-generation probiotics.
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| 7. |
- Lovmo, S. D., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed low- and high HUFA diets on growth and midgut intestinal health
- 2021
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Ingår i: Aquaculture. - : Elsevier BV. - 0044-8486. ; 539
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For a rapidly developing aquaculture industry where availability of raw materials for diet formulation are quickly changing it is fundamental to define what the dietary needs and benefits are. In farming of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) are known to be essential and a minimum dietary inclusion is needed. The aim of this study has been to map Atlantic salmon performance and midgut health towards dietary HUFAs under normal and challenging condition. Atlantic salmon post-smolt at 150 g were fed four experimental diets over a feeding period of 10 weeks up to a final weight of 377 g followed by three weeks of unpredictable chronic stress (UCS). The diets varied in their HUFA level, with either 28.7 g/kg DHA (HDHA), 25 g/kg EPA (HEPA), 21.3 g/kg ARA (HARA) or 8.5 g/kg EPA + DHA (LHUFA). After the feeding period all fish had more than doubled their weight and fish fed HARA showed a significant lower specific growth rate compared to all other diets. Diets had little effect on intestinal morphology, barrier and transport function. Intestinal polar lipid composition suggested higher lipid metabolism in fish feed LHUFA and transcriptome analysis confirm upregulated lipid metabolism and downregulated energy turn over. Comparing transcriptome profiles from HDHA to HEPA, more upregulated pathways are seen in fish fed HEPA, including metabolism and immunity. The fish feed HARA had downregulated turn-over and metabolism compared to fish fed HEPA. The UCS period resulted in zero growth and lower enterocyte height in all diet groups, and the intestinal barrier was reduced in the paracellular permeability to mannitol. Contradictory to previous studies, fish fed HDHA and HEPA responded to UCS with enhanced intestinal resistance. UCS also resulted in impaired intestinal transport by elevated ion flux and epithelial electrochemical gradient in fish fed LHUFA. Transcriptome pathway analysis indicated more cell turn over and lipid metabolism in LHUFA and HDHA. In conclusion, a low HUFA diet with 8.5 g/kg DHA + EPA can sustain growth and intestinal health under controlled condition, but the health is impaired after three weeks of chronic stress. Decreasing the n6/n3 ratio by increasing levels of EPA and DHA strengthens intestinal barrier in response to chronic stress. Increasing the ARA to HUFA ratio may have a negative effect on growth, but not on intestinal health.
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| 8. |
- Nordvi, M. F., et al.
(författare)
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Fucoidan from Undaria pinnatifida mitigates intestinal inflammation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Aquaculture. - 0044-8486. ; 575
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using functional feed ingredients to increase the intestinal health of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) could allow greater variation and higher inclusion of plant-based proteins in the feed. This is beneficial both for the fish feed industry and fish welfare. Components with strong bioactive properties, such as fucoidans from marine macroalgae, have a great potential as a functional feed ingredient. In the present trial, we challenged Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) post-smolts with 17.8% soya HP48, a diet that has been shown to cause low-level intestinal inflammation. Fucoidan from Undaria pinnatifida was included at 0, 1, or 3% (Control, FUC1, and FUC3, respectively) to study its ability to alleviate this low-level inflammation . The fish were fed the diets in triplicate tanks for 59 days. At the end of the experiment, the fish were euthanised and the mid-and hind intestine were sampled for morphological-, integrity-(Ussing chamber) and gene expressional-(RNAseq) assessments. Addition of 3% fucoidan lowered the protein digestibility of the feed, however, this did not result in significant differences in the growth parameters. The paracellular permeability of the hydrophilic marker 14C-mannitol tended to decrease with the addition of fucoidan in both tissue segments. The active transport of L-lysine in the mid intestine was significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner of fucoidan. An anti-inflammatory effect of fucoidan was observed in the hind intestine with significant reductions in the stratum granulosum width and lamina propria height of fish fed FUC1 and FUC3 compared to the Control. This suggests that U. pinnatifida fucoidan can have positive effect on both intestinal integrity and immune regulation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).
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| 9. |
- Nordvi, M. F., et al.
(författare)
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Low intestinal inflammation model (HP48) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and inflammatory mitigation by Bactocell
- 2023
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Ingår i: Aquaculture. - : Elsevier BV. - 0044-8486. ; 563
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Moderate levels of intestinal damage and inflammation are often seen in intensive fish aquaculture. The causes may be due to antinutrients from plant meals, stress or other causes. There is currently a lack of good models to explore these effects and so how to mitigate the consequences. Most studies have used full-fat soy or other compounds that cause intestinal damage that are likely not reversible. In this study we have explored the pos-sibility of using soybean HP48, made from solvent extracted peeled soybeans, as a low-inflammation model in post-smolt Atlantic salmon, and then investigated whether supplementation of the probiotic Pediococcus acid-ilactici CNCM I-4622 - MA 18/5 M (Bactocell) could diminish this effect. The fish were fed triplicate diets. A Control diet containing 18.08% soy protein concentrate (SPC), a HP48 diet where most of the SPC was replaced by HP48 (5.00% SPC and 17.68% HP48), and a Bactocell diet that was identical to the HP48 diet but contained 0.03% Bactocell. After 10 weeks of feeding, the mid-and hind-intestinal health were assessed by histology, integrity (Ussing chamber) and gene expression (RNAseq). Transcriptomic and integrity data suggests that HP48 led to a disturbed mid-intestinal homeostasis with impaired cellular integrity and increased inflammation and cell turnover. Most of the transcriptomic effects were reversed with Bactocell including downregulation of im-mune genes and upregulation of transmembrane proteins such as type IV collagen, which is important in restoring epithelial homeostasis. In the hind-intestine, the HP48 diet led to deleterious morphological changes such as widening of lamina propria and stratum granulosum, disrupted mucosal folds, loss of absorptive vacu-oles, and upregulation of several immune regulated genes and downregulation of genes involved in solute-and water transport. The intestinal integrity assessed by Ussing chamber was not affected. Bactocell supplementation did alleviate several of the morphological effects. However, it was not able to completely reverse the expression of immune-or transport related genes, suggesting a higher effect of probiotic supplement in the mid-intestine compared to the hind-intestine. This study demonstrates that the level of HP48 used here is sufficient to create low-level intestinal changes in Atlantic salmon, which is within range for functional feed ingredients to reverse.
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| 10. |
- Sundh, Stellan, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Pre-service teachers' awareness raising of global issues in the english language classroom : case studies from Latvia and Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: ICERI2021 Proceedings. - : IATED. - 9788409345496
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Communication about educational issues has moved into engaging teachers and researchers to discuss international topics and global aspects of education in their classes.Topicality of the study: Research areas such as Global Education are since about 40 years back well established and imply that education at schools needs to take an interest in important and even crucial areas for a better world. International communication is then necessary. The means of communication and the world’s lingua franca has come to be English and therefore teachers need to include issues of Global education in their teaching. In order to be able to succeed in communication internationally, European citizens will need the language (e g vocabulary, communication skills) and self-confidence to discuss matters such as climate change, migration and poverty in English.The aim of the article: to reflect the attitude of future teachers towards global events in the world and how these issues are discussed with students in English lessons in Latvia and Sweden. The article will reflect the obtained data from the case study carried out over the same period in Sweden and Latvia.Research methodology: By the use of interviews with teacher students, analyses will be carried out to study their attitudes towards global issues in the English language classroom at the upper primary school level (children aged 10 to 12).Research findings: The results of the analysis of the data will provide information about similarities and discrepancies between teacher students from two highly different educational and cultural contexts in Europe. The findings will give a picture of teacher students’ views on issues that are central for international cooperation between Latvia and Sweden and thus suggest ways for working in a successful way with these results. The possible recommendations may be how to establish a common context with the similarities and how to work with challenges of the differences.
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