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- Benktander, John, et al.
(författare)
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Stress impairs skin barrier function and induces α2-3 linked n-acetylneuraminic acid and core 1 o-glycans on skin mucins in atlantic salmon, salmo salar
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 22:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. The skin barrier consists of mucus, primarily comprising highly glycosylated mucins, and the epithelium. Host mucin glycosylation governs interactions with pathogens and stress is associated with impaired epithelial barrier function. We characterized Atlantic salmon skin barrier function during chronic stress (high density) and mucin O-glycosylation changes in response to acute and chronic stress. Fish held at low (LD: 14–30 kg/m3) and high densities (HD: 50-80 kg/m3) were subjected to acute stress 24 h before sampling at 17 and 21 weeks after start of the experiment. Blood parameters indicated primary and secondary stress responses at both sampling points. At the second sampling, skin barrier function towards molecules was reduced in the HD compared to the LD group (Papp mannitol; p < 0.01). Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry revealed 81 O-glycan structures from the skin. Fish subjected to both chronic and acute stress had an increased proportion of large O-glycan structures. Overall, four of the O-glycan changes have potential as indicators of stress, especially for the combined chronic and acute stress. Stress thus impairs skin barrier function and induces glycosylation changes, which have potential to both affect interactions with pathogens and serve as stress indicators.
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- Bojan, Alicja J., 1980, et al.
(författare)
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A new bone adhesive candidate- does it work in human bone? An ex-vivo preclinical evaluation in fresh human osteoporotic femoral head bone
- 2022
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Ingår i: Injury-International Journal of the Care of the Injured. - : Elsevier BV. - 0020-1383 .- 1879-0267. ; 53:6, s. 1858-1866
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The fixation of small intraarticular bone fragments is clinically challenging and an obvious first orthopaedic indication for an effective bone adhesive. In the present study the feasibility of bonding freshly harvested human trabecular bone with OsStic(R), a novel phosphoserine modified cement, was evaluated using a bone cylinder model pull-out test and compared with a commercial fibrin tissue adhesive. Methods: Femoral heads (n=13) were collected from hip fracture patients undergoing arthroplasty and stored refrigerated overnight in saline medium prior to testing. Cylindrical bone cores with a pre-inserted bone screw, were prepared using a coring tool. Each core was removed and glued back in place with either the bone adhesive (alpha-tricalcium phosphate, phosphoserine and 20% trisodium citrate solution) or the fibrin glue. All glued bones were stored in bone medium at 37 degrees C. Tensile loading, using a universal testing machine (5 kN load cell), was applied to each core/head. For the bone adhesive, bone cores were tested at 2 (n=13) and 24 (n=11) hours. For the fibrin tissue adhesive control group (n=9), bone cores were tested exclusively at 2 hours. The femoral bone quality was evaluated with micro-CT. Results: The ultimate pull-out load for the bone adhesive at 2 hours ranged from 36 to 171 N (mean 94 N, SD 42 N). At 24 hours the pull-out strength was similar, 47 to 198 N (mean 123 N, SD 43 N). The adhesive failure usually occurred through the adhesive layer, however in two samples, at 167 N and 198 N the screw pulled out of the bone core. The fibrin tissue adhesive group reached a peak force of 8 N maximally at 2 hours (range 2.8-8 N, mean 5.4 N, SD 1.6 N). The mean BV/TV for femoral heads was 0.15 and indicates poor bone quality. Conclusion: The bone adhesive successfully glued wet and fatty tissue of osteoporotic human bone cores. The mean ultimate pull-out force of 123 N at 24 hours corresponds to similar to 300 kPa shear stress acting on the bone core. These first ex-vivo results in human bone are a promising step toward potential clinical application in osteochondral fragment fixation. (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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- Dey, D K, et al.
(författare)
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Body mass index, weight change and mortality in the elderly. A 15 y longitudinal population study of 70 y olds
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 55:6, s. 482-492
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) at age 70, weight change between age 70 and 75, and 15 y mortality. DESIGN: Cohort study of 70-y-olds. SETTING: Geriatric Medicine Department, Göteborg University, Sweden. SUBJECTS: A total of 2628 (1225 males and 1403 females) 70-y-olds examined in 1971--1981 in Gothenburg, Sweden. RESULTS: The relative risks (RRs) for 15 y mortality were highest in the lowest BMI quintiles of males 1.20 (95% CI 0.96--1.51) and females 1.49 (95% CI 1.14--1.96). In non-smoking males, no significant differences were observed across the quintiles for 5, 10 and 15 y mortality. In non-smoking females, the highest RR (1.58, 95% CI 1.15--2.16) for 15 y mortality was in the lowest quintile. After exclusion of first 5 y death, no excess risks were found in males for following 5 and 10 y mortality across the quintiles. In females, a U-shaped relation was observed after such exclusions. BMI ranges with lowest 15 y mortality were 27--29 and 25--27 kg/m(2) in non-smoking males and females, respectively. A weight loss of > or = 10% between age 70 and 75 meant a significantly higher risk for subsequent 5 and 10 y mortality in both sexes relative to individuals with 'stable' weights. CONCLUSION: Low BMI and weight loss are risk factors for mortality in the elderly and smoking habits did not significantly modify that relationship. The BMI ranges with lowest risks for 15 y mortality are relatively higher in elderly. Exclusion of early deaths from the analysis modified the weight-mortality relationship in elderly males but not in females.
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| 5. |
- Dey, D K, et al.
(författare)
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Height and body weight in the elderly. I. A 25-year longitudinal study of a population aged 70 to 95 years
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 53:12, s. 905-914
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To describe longitudinal changes in height and body weight between the ages of 70 and 95 y. DESIGN : Longitudinal cohort study with representative sample of 70-y-olds. SETTING: Department of Geriatric Medicine, Göteborg University, Sweden. SUBJECTS: 449 males and 524 females, aged 70 y, living in Göteborg were examined in 1971-72 and this study population participated on 11 occasions during a 25-year follow-up. RESULTS: Mean height decreased 4 and 4.9 cm in males and females respectively and the trend was significant between the ages of 70 and 95 y in both sexes. Between 70 and 75 y of age, a significant difference was found between quintiles of body height where in the highest quintile height was lowered by 0.4 and 0. 3 cm/y, in males and females respectively, and in the lowest quintile by 0.1 cm/y in both sexes. Mean body weight decreased 3.2 and 5.1 kg in males and females respectively, from age 70 to 95 y. The trend was significant over 22 and 20 y for males and females, respectively.Between the ages of 70 and 80 y, individuals in highest quintile of body weight decreased at a rate of 0.8 and 0.6 kg/y, three times higher than those in lowest quintile. Due to the decrease in both height and weight over time, body mass index (BMI) was less affected. CONCLUSION: Height, body weight and BMI decreased significantly in both sexes after age 70 y, and there was a gender difference in the trend. The results can be used as reference data for Swedish elderly and might be of importance to the understanding of anthropometry with the ageing process.
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- Parker, W. A. E., et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of microspirometry-defined chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in two European cohorts of patients with significant smoking history hospitalised for acute myocardial infarction
- 2023
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Ingår i: Thorax. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0040-6376 .- 1468-3296. ; 78:Suppl. 4, s. A66-A66
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: Smoking is a major risk factor for both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and myocardial infarction (MI). Systemic inflammation also contributes to both diseases and has been suggested as a potential target for intervention. Prevalence of COPD in those with a significant smoking history hospitalised for MI has not been well-characterised. We sought to obtain an accurate estimate of COPD burden in this group and characterise the population.Methods: Two consecutive cohorts of patients hospitalised for MI with a smoking history of ≥10 pack-years were recruited in Sweden and the United Kingdom (UK). Baseline characteristics were recorded, including treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and eosinophil count in blood. Microspirometry was performed using the Vitalograph COPD-6 device and symptom burden assessed using the COPD Assessment Test (CAT). The primary outcome was the prevalence of a preliminary diagnosis of clinically-significant COPD, here defined as a ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 and 6 seconds (FEV1/FEV6) <0.7 and with FEV1 <80% of predicted value.Results: In the UK cohort, 216 participants with MI (26% female, median age 60 (IQR 53–67) years, smoking history 32 (23–45) pack-years) were recruited. The proportion with any COPD was 36%. Clinically-significant COPD was found in 30 participants (13.9%, 95% CI 9.5–19.2). Of these, 43% had a prior COPD diagnosis, 20% had an eosinophil count ≥300 cells/mm3, mean CAT score was 14.4 ± 9.3), 80% had high symptom burden (CAT score >10) and 23% were receiving ICS. The Swedish cohort included 302 participants with MI (24% female, median age 68 (IQR 61–76) years, 26 (15–38) pack years), and clinically-significant COPD was found in 52 (17.2%; 12.9–21.5). In these 52 participants, 17% had a prior COPD diagnosis, 20% had an eosinophil count ≥300 cells/mm3, mean CAT score was 12.9 ± 7.2, 63% had CAT score ≥10 and 15% had treatment with ICS.Conclusions: The prevalence of preliminary diagnosis of clinically-significant COPD in patients with a ≥10 pack-year smoking history hospitalised for MI is similar between two European cohorts and under-recognised. Further work is warranted to determine whether identification and treatment of COPD improves clinical outcomes following MI.
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