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- Cato, Ingemar, et al.
(författare)
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DIOXINS AND OTHER POPS IN THE BALTIC SEA – TRENDS AND CURRENT
- 2009
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Ingår i: 29th International Symposium on Halogenated Persistent Organic Pollutants (Dioxin 2009) in Bejing, China, August 25-30, 2009.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper summarizes a project that was initiated by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 2006. It involved several field studies and fate model calculations with the aim to better understand the present contamination situation of dioxins and other persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Baltic Sea region. Atmospheric inputs were found to be the dominant external source for all of the selected POPs (dioxins, PCBs and HCB). The model also predicted a significant decline of POP-levels in Baltic surface water if atmospheric concentrations are reduced. This issue is highly prioritized by the Swedish EPA since TEQ-levels of fatty fish exceed maximum residue limits set by the EU. Dioxin source regions were identified by air measurements and analysis of air mass origin. It was found that air that had passed over the European continent contained the highest concentrations, and the congener composition indicated that several major sources types may exist. This research has high relevance for the Swedish EPA, and continued efforts for resolving the dioxin issue of the Baltic Sea will follow.
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- Eriksson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Municipal Solid Waste Management from a Systems Perspective
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 13:3, s. 241-252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Different waste treatment options for municipal solid waste have been studied in a systems analysis. Different combinations of incineration, materials recycling of separated plastic and cardboard containers, and biological treatment (anaerobic digestion and composting) of biodegradable waste, were studied and compared to landfilling. The evaluation covered use of energy resources, environmental impact and financial and environmental costs. In the study, a calculation model ( ) based on methodology from life cycle assessment (LCA) was used. Case studies were performed in three Swedish municipalities: Uppsala, Stockholm, and Älvdalen. The study shows that reduced landfilling in favour of increased recycling of energy and materials lead to lower environmental impact, lower consumption of energy resources, and lower economic costs. Landfilling of energy-rich waste should be avoided as far as possible, partly because of the negative environmental impacts from landfilling, but mainly because of the low recovery of resources when landfilling. Differences between materials recycling, nutrient recycling and incineration are small but in general recycling of plastic is somewhat better than incineration and biological treatment somewhat worse. When planning waste management, it is important to know that the choice of waste treatment method affects processes outside the waste management system, such as generation of district heating, electricity, vehicle fuel, plastic, cardboard, and fertiliser.
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- Fomenko, L.S., et al.
(författare)
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Low temperature microhardness of Xe-intercalated fullerite C60
- 2005
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Ingår i: Low Temperature Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 1063-777X .- 1090-6517. ; 31:5, s. 454-458
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Vickers microhardness of Xe-intercalated polycrystalline fullerite C60 (XexC60, x~=0.35) is measured in a moderately low temperature range of 77 to 300 K. A high increase in the microhardness of the material (by a factor of 2 to 3) as compared to that of pure C60 single crystals is observed. It is shown that the step-like anomaly in the temperature dependences of the microhardness of pure C60 single crystals recorded under the orientational fcc-sc phase transition (Tc~=260 K) is also qualitatively retained for XexC60, but its onset is shifted by 40 K towards lower temperatures and the step becomes less distinct and more smeared. This behavior of H-barV(T) correlates with x-ray diffraction data, the analysis of which revealed a considerable influence of xenon interstitial atoms on the peculiar features of fullerite thermal expansion due to orientational phase transitions (see the paper by A.I. Prokhvatilov et al. in this issue).
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- Solymosi, K., et al.
(författare)
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Molecular rearrangement in POR macrodomains as a reason for the blue shift of chlorophyllide fluorescence observed after phototransformation
- 2007
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Ingår i: Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta-Biomembranes. - : Elsevier BV. - 0005-2736. ; 1768:6, s. 1650-1658
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The activation energy and activation volume of the spectral blue shift subsequent to protochlorophyllide phototransformation (called Shibata shift in intact leaves) were studied in prolamellar body (PLB) and prothylakoid-(PT)-enriched membrane fractions prepared from dark-grown wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) leaves. The measurements were done at 20, 30 and 40 degrees C and at various pressure values. The activation energy values were 181 +/- 8 kJ mol(-1) and 188 +/- 6 kJ mol(-1) for the PLBs and the PTs, respectively. The pressure stabilized the structure of the NADPH: protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) macrodomains; it prevented or slowed down the blue shift. There were no significant differences between the activation volumes of PLBs and PTs at 30 or 40 degrees C giving values around 100-125 ml mol(-1) which correspond to changes in the tertiary structure of proteins but also resemble the volume changes occurring during the disaggregation of protein dimers or oligomers, or during dissociation of peripheral membrane proteins from membranes. The small differences in the activation parameters of PLBs and PTs indicate that molecular rearrangements inside the POR macrodomains are the primary reasons of the fluorescence blue shift; however, their lipid microenvironment must be also important in the initialization of the shift. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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- Sundqvist Ökvist, L., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of coal properties, injection rate and O2 addition on BF conditions
- 2006
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Ingår i: 4th International Congress on the Science and Technology of Ironmarking, ICSTI 2006, Proceedings. ; , s. 327-330
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A test with different coal grades, injection rates and methods for oxygen addition has been performed in the LKAB experimental BF (EBF). The EBF test results are compared with results achieved at BF No. 3 at SSAB Tunnplåt in Luleå. The BF conditions have been studied by evaluation of process data, vertical temperature measurements and under-burden probe data in terms of temperature and gas composition. The generation of fines has been studied in samples taken out by solid sampling in the shaft and in samples of BF flue dust and sludge. The samples have been analysed by tumbler tests, chemical analyses, XRD and light microscopy. The type of PC used turned out to have a great effect on the consumption of reducing agents as well as on the dust generation. Effects seen on the BF gas composition and alkali behaviour that affected the raw material behaviour could be seen when the low volatile coal was changed into a high volatile coal. The vertical temperature profile was greatly influenced by the PCR, which also had an effect on the dust generation.
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