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| 2. |
- Herlitz, Johan, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Early identification and delay to treatment in myocardial infarction and stroke: differences and similarities.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1757-7241. ; 18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The two major complications of atherosclerosis are acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and acute ischemic stroke. Both are life-threatening conditions characterised by the abrupt cessation of blood flow to respective organs, resulting in an infarction. Depending on the extent of the infarction, loss of organ function varies considerably. In both conditions, it is possible to limit the extent of infarction with early intervention. In both conditions, minutes count. This article aims to describe differences and similarities with regard to the way patients, bystanders and health care providers act in the acute phase of the two diseases with the emphasis on the pre-hospital phase.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Competencies in Swedish emergency departments - The practitioners' and managers' perspective.
- 2014
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Ingår i: International emergency nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-013X .- 1755-599X. ; 22:2, s. 81-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The task of emergency departments (EDs) is to provide safe emergency healthcare while adopting a caring, cost-effective approach. Patients attending EDs have different medical and caring needs and it is assumed that practitioners have the requisite competencies to meet those needs. The aim of the present study is to explore what kind of competencies practitioners and managers describe as necessary for the practitioners to perform their everyday work in EDs.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Henrik, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Management of Everyday Work in Emergency Departments – an Exploratory Study with Swedish Managers
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Emergency Nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 1755-599X .- 1878-013X. ; 22:4, s. 190-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Through their formal mandate, position and authority, managers are responsible for managing everyday work in Emergency Departments (EDs) as well as striving for excellence and dealing with the individual needs of practitioners and patients. The aim of the present study is to explore managers’ experiences of managing everyday work in Swedish EDs. Method: A qualitative and exploratory design has been used in this study. Seven managers were interviewed at two EDs. Data was analysed using qualitative content analysis with focus on latent content. Results: Managers experience everyday work in the ED as lifesaving work. One of the characteristics of their approach to everyday work is their capability for rapidly identifying patients with life-threatening conditions and for treating them accordingly. The practitioners are on stand-by in order to deal with unexpected situations. This implies having to spend time waiting for the physicians’ decisions. Management is characterised by a command and control approach. The managers experience difficulties in meeting the expectations of their staff. They strive to be proactive but instead they become reactive since the prevailing medical, bureaucratic and production-orientated systems constrain them. Conclusion: The managers demonstrate full compliance with the organisational systems. This threatens to reduce their freedom of action and influences the way they perform their managerial duties within and outside the EDs.
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| 5. |
- Aronsson, Kenneth, et al.
(författare)
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Prehospital emergency care for patients with suspected hip fractures after falling : older patients’ experiences
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 23:21-22, s. 3115-3123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims and objectives: The aim of this study was to describe and explain elderly patients’ lived experiences of prehospital emergency care in cases of suspected hip fractures after falling. Background: Hip fractures represent a major health problem for older people and are a common assignment for the Emergency Medical Services (EMS), but there is little information on how patients experience prehospital emergency care. Design: A reflective lifeworld approach based on phenomenological epistemology was used in an interview study within the context of healthcare science. Methods: Ten elderly patients were interviewed. These depth interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed for meanings. Results: The comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon is: ‘Happy to have been rescued, despite bad experiences as well as good’. The elderly patient is offered care in an open and friendly atmosphere concurrently with feeling anxiety about the treatment. Intervention with streamlined care and treatment can thus simultaneously be beneficial as well as doing harm. Patients experience confusion and the need to ask questions about what really happened in the ambulance. Bad experiences remain unexplained. This study is based on three themes with relevant sub-themes: efficiency, concerned encounters and suffering from care. Conclusions: Our study contribute to this field of discussion, showing that administering drugs which cause side effects in already fragile older people is compatible with neither evidence-based care nor evidenced-based medicine. The side effects of pain relief – however efficient that pain relief may be – are taken seriously. Relevance to clinical practice: Pain relief in the EMS should be individualised. Responsibility for patients’ safety regarding pain relief is emphasised. This development should focus on care that is already good and gradually eradicate compassionless care. Keywords: caring science, hip fracture, lived experiences, phenomenology, emergency medical services, ambulance, care pathway, prehospital emergency nurse
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| 6. |
- Bremer, Anders, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Vårdrum : ett vårdande rum
- 2014
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Ingår i: Akut omhändertagande av trauma. - : Liber. - 9789144086774 ; , s. 23-53
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med detta kapitel är att bidra med fördjupad förståelse av begreppet vårdrum och samtidigt presentera en vårdvetenskaplig ram. I detta kapitel beskrivs skadeplatsens oordnade miljö och skiftande villkor, kännetecken och utmaningar som finns för ambulanspersonal att planera för och upprätta vårdrum för patienter som utsatts för trauma, i samverkan med räddningstjänst och polis. Därefter beskrivs villkor för patienternas och de närståendes vårdrum på akutmottagningen. I kapitlet ges exempel på hur vårdande rum kan främjas och upprättas samt hur vårdrummet kan upplevas av de närvarande, vilket gestaltas utifrån forskning och erfarenheter som gjorts av vårdare, patienter och närstående. Kapitlet bygger främst på vårdvetenskaplig forskning.
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| 7. |
- Ek, Bosse, 1951-
(författare)
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Prioritering vid utlarmning i prehospital vård
- 2014
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is important that ambulances are urgently directed to patients who are in need of immediate help and of quick transportation to a hospital. Because resources are limited, emergency medical dispatch centres (EMD) cannot send ambulances with high priority to all callers. The efficiency of the system is therefore dependent on triage. Increased knowledge about the triage in the prehospital care can make it possible to optimize the use of resources. Traditionally nurses have an important role in triage on emergency departments and in telephone advisory. In Sweden there is a trend towards more triage by nurses at EMDs. It is important to survey experiences of nurses’ of prioritization at EMDs.Aim: The overall aim in this thesis was to measure effectivity in prioritisation of ambulance dispatches, and to elucidate experiences from these prioritizations and decisions.Method: In study I sensitivity and specificity in 4086 dispatches was calculated, by comparison of the priority given by the EMD and the assessment performed by the ambulance-nurse according to Medical Emergency Triage and Treatment System. In study II were 15 nurses interviewed about their experiences from prioritizations at an EMD.Result: The result showed that 84,5 % of the dispatches were correct prioritised and that the sensitivity was high (94,5 %) but the specificity was low (15,4 %). Content analysis was performed and two themes emerged: “Having a profession with opportunities and obstacles” and “Meeting serious and difficult situations”. Conclusions are that over- prioritizations are made concerning patients with low or no need of medical care. Also that nurses with experience from emergency care, who are allowed to make their own decisions independent of the medical index, can improve and nuance the prioritization of resources in prehospital care. However, there is an obvious risk that their assessments will tend to be on the safe side. Important for avoiding this is improving internal support systems at the EMDs and also striving for a blame-free culture, where the nurses are not pushed by threats of being reported.
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| 8. |
- Ekerljung, Lina, 1980-
(författare)
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EGFR- and HER2-Binding Affibody Molecules : Cellular studies of monomeric, dimeric and bispecific ligands
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Abnormal expression and signaling of the ErbB receptors is associated with the development and progression of several forms of cancer. In this thesis, new ErbB-targeting affibody molecules are evaluated regarding their cellular effects in vitro. Since ligand binding to an ErbB receptor might have an impact on the cell it is important to be aware of these effects as they may have consequences for the continued growth of the tumor when used in vivo. The affibody molecules are intended for tumor targeting with the prospect of clinical use in imaging or therapy. Three types of affibody molecules were studied, HER2-binding, EGFR-binding and bispecific binders that target both EGFR and HER2. The HER2-targeting (ZHER2:342)2 showed promising characteristics. It sensitized SKBR-3 cells to irradiation and decreased cell growth to the same extent as the clinically approved antibody Herceptin. The monomeric version, ZHER2:342, did not induce any large effects on intracellular signaling or biological outcome. This makes (ZHER2:342)2 interesting for therapy purposes, while ZHER2:342 may be better suited for imaging. The bispecific affibody molecules were all able to simultaneously bind to both EGFR and HER2, but none of the six constructs resulted in any large effects on cellular outcome. Interestingly, all three monovalent binders are more functional when positioned at the N-terminal part of the construct and the (S4G)3 linker renders higher affinity of the bispecific binders compared to (G4S)3. Tumors that co-express several ErbB receptors are often more aggressive and associated with a worse prognosis, suggesting that the total ErbB expression pattern might be more informative than the expression level of one receptor regarding cancer prognosis and prediction of response to targeted therapies. Bispecific ligands could thus be used as imaging agents with prognostic value. Another aspect of dual targeting is the possibility of increased tumor specificity since tumors are more likely than healthy tissue to express high amounts of two receptors.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Fjæraa Alfredsson, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Ellagic acid induces a dose- and time-dependent depolarization of mitochondria and activation of caspase-9 and -3 in human neuroblastoma cells
- 2014
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Ingår i: Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy. - : Elsevier. - 0753-3322 .- 1950-6007. ; 68:1, s. 129-135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The polyphenol ellagic acid is found in many natural food sources and has been proposed as a candidate compound for clinical applications due to its anti-oxidative capacity and as a potential anti-tumorigenic compound. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the sensitivity to and possible apoptosis mechanism induced by ellagic acid in neuronal tumor cells. As a model the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line was used. The methods applied were bright field and phase contrast microscopy, XTT- and LDH-assays, western blot, and flow cytometric analysis of DNA degradation and mitochondrial membrane potential. Ellagic acid treatment was found to induce a reduction in cell number preceded by alterations of the mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of caspase-9 and -3, DNA-fragmentation and cell death by apoptosis. The apoptotic cell death studied was not due to anoikis since it was significant in the adherent fraction of the cells. We conclude that ellagic acid induces dose- and time-dependent apoptosis, at least partly by the mitochondrial pathway, in an embryonal neuronal tumor cell system. This finding is in agreement with previously reported data on adult carcinoma cells thus suggesting a more general effect of ellagic acid on tumor cells.
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