| 1. |
- Johansen, JD, et al.
(författare)
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Hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde-known as Lyral (R): quantitative aspects and risk assessment of an important fragrance allergen
- 2003
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 48:6, s. 310-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde, also known as Lyral(R), is a fragrance ingredient identified as the cause of contact allergic reactions in 2-3% of eczema patients undergoing patch testing. Lyral(R) has been included in the standard patch test series in many clinics due to its importance as an allergen. It has been used without restrictions in cosmetic products, until now. In the present study, the dose-response relationship of Lyral(R) contact allergy was studied with doses relevant for normal exposure in cosmetic products. 18 eczema patients, who previously had given a positive patch test to Lyral(R) 5% petrolatum, were included along with 7 control subjects. All cases were tested with a serial dilution of Lyral(R) in ethanol 6% to 6 p.p.m and subjected to a 2-week, repeated open application test with a low dose of Lyral(R) in ethanol. In the case of no reaction, this was followed by another 2 weeks of testing with a higher dose. The test was performed at the volar aspect of the forearm. In 16 of 18 cases (89%), a positive use test developed, 11 reacting to the low and 5 to the high concentration. None reacted to the vehicle control of ethanol applied to the contralateral arm. All controls were negative to both the test solutions of Lyral(R) and the ethanol control. The difference between the test and the control group was statistically significant (Fisher's test, P < 0.001). It is concluded that Lyral(R) at the current usage levels is inducing sensitization in the community. The same levels were shown to elicit allergic contact dermatitis in almost all sensitized individuals. A significant reduction in usage concentrations is recommended to prevent contact allergic reactions.
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| 2. |
- Tanaka, S, et al.
(författare)
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Contact allergy to isoeugenol and its derivatives: problems with allergen substitution
- 2004
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 51:5-6, s. 288-291
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A total of 2261 (808 male, 1453 female) consecutive patients attending contact dermatitis clinics were patch tested to isoeugenol and its derivatives listed in the EU Inventory of Fragrance Ingredients. Positive reactions were found to isoeugenol in 40, transisoeugenol in 40, isoeugenyl acetate in 19, isoeugenyl benzoate in 4, isoeugenyl phenylacetate in 16, isoeugenyl methyl ether in 6 and benzyl isoeugenyl ether in 2 patients. There was a concomitant reaction to isoeugenol in 36/40 of those positive to transisoeugenol, 13/19 of those to isoeugenyl acetate, 3/4 of those to isoeugenyl benzoate and 15/16 of those to isoeugenyl phenylacetate but in none of those 6 positive to isoeugenyl methyl ether and in neither of those 2 positive to benzyl isoeugenyl ether. Concomitant contact allergy between isoeugenol and its derivatives may occur through chemical cross-reactivity or local skin metabolism of the derivatives. It is more commonly observed with the esters rather than the ethers. Isoeugenyl acetate has been proposed as an alternative to isoeugenol, but there is a high degree of concomitant reactivity with isoeugenol.
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| 3. |
- Tillman, C, et al.
(författare)
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Traumatic fat necrosis: A case report
- 2003
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Ingår i: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1651-2057 .- 0001-5555. ; 83:3, s. 227-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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