| 1. |
- Bolmsjö, Gunnar, 1955-, et al.
(author)
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Collaborative Robots to Support Flexible Operation in a Manufacturing System
- 2012
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In: Flexible Automation and Intelligent Manufacturing, FAIM 2012. - Tampere, Finland : Tampere University. - 9789521527838 - 9789521527845 ; , s. 531-538
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Collaborative robotic systems where human(s) and robot(s) cooperate in performing a common task is an attractive solution to introduce automation combined with high flexibility for tasks that have a high complexity and characterized by low volume or down to one-off. By introducing collaboration in robotics systems, the operator can complement with cognitive capacity and skill in order to gain in flexibility and agility in the task operation. This paper describes on-going work related to work on collaboration between operator and robot. User scenarios are outlined together with methods, software components and hardware to support collaboration, where some of these are under development. As the standards related to collaborative robotic systems are soon to be completed, it is expected that this type of semi-automatic systems will be important for flexible and agile automation of production which otherwise cannot be automated.
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| 2. |
- Carlsson, Henrik, 1979-, et al.
(author)
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Methods for Reliable Simulation-Based PLC Code Verification
- 2012
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In: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - 1941-0050 .- 1551-3203. ; 8:2, s. 267-278
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Simulation-based programmable logic controller (PLC) code verification is a part of virtual commissioning, where the control code is verified against a virtual prototype of an application. With today's general OPC interface, it is easy to connect a PLC to a simulation tool for, e. g., verification purposes. However, there are some problems with this approach that can lead to an unreliable verification result. In this paper, four major problems with the OPC interface are described, and two possible solutions to the problems are presented: a general IEC 61131-3-based software solution, and a new OPC standard solution.
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| 3. |
- Danielsson, Fredrik, 1972-, et al.
(author)
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A Flexible Lean Automation Concept for Robotized Manufacturing Industry
- 2010
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In: MESM 2010. - Ostend : Eurosis. - 9789077381595 ; , s. 101-104
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper describes a general virtual manufacturing concept for industrial control systems. Our virtual manufacturing concept provides a distinct advantage; programming, verification and optimisation of complex real-time dependent control functions described by real control code, which can be directly transferred to the real manufacturing system. To achieve this distinct advantage, a time synchronised virtual manufacturing system is a necessity. The aim of this paper is thus to present and to describe in detail, our proposed virtual manufacturing concept. To the authors’ knowledge no such general virtual manufacturing concept, i.e. one that can correctly handle complex real-time dependent control functions, currently exists. To summarise previous work related to virtual manufacturing and industrial control systems, several critical issues have been identified. The virtual manufacturing concept proposed in this paper addresses these issues. To verify that our concept can manage these critical issues found and further is suitable in industrial applications a virtual manufacturing test case is also presented. The test case, that includes motion control (i.e. servo), complex control functions, real control systems etc., was carried out with success.
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| 4. |
- Danielsson, Fredrik, 1972-, et al.
(author)
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A flexible lean automation concept for robotized manufacturing industry
- 2011
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In: Proceedings of the 4th International Swedish Production Symposium. - Lund : Swedish Production Academy. ; , s. 361-367
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Due to constant changesin the market there is a need for low-cost and low-volume manufacturing.Usually this type of production is difficult to automate due to the time ittakes to become profitable and the inflexibility of such solutions. Therefore, flexible automation solutions needto be addressed together with cost effective aspects. In this paper, a newconcept for the design of a flexible, robotized solution based on leanautomation is presented and simulated. The proposed lean automation concept isformed of standardized robot stations, human-robot collaboration and costeffective level of automation. The main goals are flexible automated productionsystem and reduced production cost. This paper shows that the proposed flexiblelean automation concept has some key advantages compared to the traditionalrobot cells; a longer lifetime for the robot cell as well as being easier tore-balance, introduce new parts to and expand the cell. Further, it also showsthat the proposed concept reduces the cost for automation of products with low volume.
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| 5. |
- Danielsson, Fredrik, 1972-, et al.
(author)
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A Simulation-Based Optimization Approach for Holonic Manufacturing Systems
- 2012
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In: Flexible Automation and Intelligent Manufacturing, FAIM 2012. - Tampere University, Finland : Tampere University of Technology. - 9789521527838 - 9789521527845 ; , s. 515-522
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Holonic Manufacturing System (HMS) is an integrated multi-agent technology that represents the developing direction in the automation field. HMS can be represented as a non-hierarchical manufacturing architecture with no or limited supervision. However, it is a challenge for a single holon in a non-hierarchical system to make globally optimal decisions. This paper presents a simulation-based optimization method for HMS by introducing a new wizard holon. A wizard holon collects the necessary information from the entire HMS and uses Discrete Event System (DES) simulation to evaluate the cost of different decisions. Since a non-hierarchical approach is used the wizard input is only treated as an advice to achieve more globally optimal decisions. The decisions are still taken by the local holon. Even for an experienced operator it might be hard to predict the outcome of a decision in a critical situation. Hence, wizard advices are valuable for all types holons, including machines, robots, and operators.
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| 6. |
- Danielsson, Fredrik, 1972-, et al.
(author)
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Flexible Robotized Automation in Manufacturing Systems
- 2011
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In: The 21st International Conference on Flexible Automation and Intelligent Manufacturing. - 9789868729100 ; , s. 207-214
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Due to constant changes in the market there is a need for low-cost and low-volume manufacturing. Usually this type of production is difficult to automate due to the time it takes to become profitable and the inflexibility of such solutions. Therefore, flexible automation solutions need to be addressed together with cost effective aspects. In this paper, a new concept for the design of a flexible, robotized solution based on lean automation is presented and simulated. The proposed lean automation concept is formed of standardized robot stations, human-robot collaboration and cost effective level of automation. The main goals are flexible automated production system and reduced production cost. This paper shows that the proposed flexible lean automation concept has some key advantages compared to the traditional robot cells; a longer lifetime for the robot cell as well as being easier to re-balance, introduce new parts to and expand the cell. Further, it also shows that the proposed concept reduces the cost for automation of products with low volume.
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| 7. |
- Danielsson, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
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Integration of humans into a multi-agent system
- 2013
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In: ESM'2013 The 2013 European Simulation and Modelling Conference. - Ostend, Belgien : EUROSIS-ETI Publication. - 9789077381793 ; , s. 257-259
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to describe on-going work in the integration of humans in automated manufacturing systems. The intention is to achieve a flexible manufacturing system to meet the rapid developing and changing of today’s industry. The approach is based on a control concept with multi-agents. Humans, which are considered as a valuable factor in industrial production, are proposed as flexible agent resources for the automated manufacturing system.A test case was performed on a manufacturing system where three different groups of humans where integrated in the system; inspection, carrier and recovery. The P-SOP agent generator was used to automatically generate IEC 61131-3 PLC control code for the system.
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| 8. |
- Glorieux, Emile, et al.
(author)
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A Constructive Cooperative Coevolutionary Algorithm Applied to Press Line Optimisation
- 2014
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In: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Flexible Automation and Intelligent Manufacturing. - Lancaster, PA, USA : DEStech Publications, Inc.. - 9781605951737 ; , s. 909-916
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Simulation-based optimisation often considers computationally expensive problems. Successfully optimising such large scale and complex problems within a practical time frame is a challenging task. Optimisation techniques to fulfil this need to be developed. A technique to address this involves decomposing the considered problem into smaller subproblems. These subproblems are then optimised separately. In this paper, an efficient algorithm for simulation-based optimisation is proposed. The proposed algorithm extends the cooperative coevolutionary algorithm, which optimises subproblems separately. To optimise the subproblems, the proposed algorithm enables using a deterministic algorithm, next to stochastic genetic algorithms, getting the flexibility of using either type. It also includes a constructive heuristic that creates good initial feasible solutions to reduce the number of fitness calculations. The extension enables solving complex, computationally expensive problems efficiently. The proposed algorithm has been applied on automated sheet metal press lines from the automotive industry. This is a highly complex optimisation problem due to its non-linearity and high dimensionality. The optimisation problem is to find control parameters that maximises the line’s production rate. These control parameters determine velocities, time constants, and cam values for critical interactions between components. A simulation model is used for the fitness calculation during the optimisation. The results show that the proposed algorithm manages to solve the press line optimisation problem efficiently. This is a step forward in press line optimisation since this is to the authors’ knowledge the first time a press line has been optimised efficiently in this way.
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| 9. |
- Glorieux, Emile, et al.
(author)
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Optimisation of Interacting Production Stations using a Constructive Cooperative Coevolutionary Approach
- 2014
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In: Proceedings of 2014 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE). - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 2161-8070 .- 2161-8089. - 9781479952830 - 9781479952823 ; , s. 322-327
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Simulation-based optimisation carries the burden of computationally expensive fitness calculations. It is very often used to tackle large-scale optimisation problems with a relatively high level of complexity. Therefore, it is of interest to have optimisation techniques dedicated to simulation-based optimisation. This paper proposes a simulation-based optimisation approach, called Constructive Cooperative Coevolutionary (C3) search procedure, to optimise the control of interacting production stations. An optimisation algorithm is embedded in the C3 search procedure to optimise subproblems separately. It includes a novel constructive heuristic that creates a feasible solution for the considered problem efficiently. It also incorporates an extended version of the existing cooperative coevolutionary method that can handle large-scale optimisation problems. Furthermore, this paper presents a case study considering a sheet metal press line as an example of interacting production stations. In this case study, the performance of the proposedC3 search procedure is evaluated and compared with other optimisation algorithms. This shows that the C3 search procedure is able to successfully optimise the press line within a given number of fitness calculations, outperforming existing algorithms. Also, it is shown that C3 can be embedded with either stochastic or deterministic optimisation algorithms, without sacrificing performance.
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| 10. |
- Glorieux, Emile, et al.
(author)
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Optimised Control of Sheet Metal Press Lines
- 2014
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In: Proceedings of the 6th International Swedish Production Symposium 2014. - 9789198097412 ; , s. 1-9
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Determining the control parameters for sheet metal press lines is a large scale and complex optimisation problem. These control parameters determine velocities, time constants, and cam values of critical interactions between the equipment. The complexity of this problem is due to the nonlinearities and high dimensionality. Classical optimisation techniques often underperform in solving this kind of problems within a practical timeframe. Therefore, specialised techniques need to be developed for these problems. An existing approach is simulation-based optimisation, which is to use a simulation model to evaluate the trial solutions during the optimisation. In this paper, an efficient simulation-based optimisation algorithm for large scale and complex problems is proposed. The proposed algorithm extends the cooperative coevolutionary algorithm, which optimises subproblems separately. Hence, the optimisation problem must be decomposed into subproblems that can be evaluated separately. To optimise the subproblems, the proposed algorithm allows using embedded deterministic algorithms, next to stochastic genetic algorithms, getting the flexibility of using either type. It also includes a constructive heuristic that creates good initial feasible solutions to expedite the optimisation. The extension enables solving complex, computationally expensive problems efficiently. The proposed algorithm has been applied on an automated sheet metal press line from the automotive industry. The objective is to find control parameters that maximise the line’s production rate. The results show that the proposed algorithm manages to find optimal control parameters efficiently within the practical timeframe. This is a step forward in press line optimisation since to the authors’ knowledge this is the first time a press line has been optimised efficiently in this way.
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