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- Jardemark, Kent, et al.
(författare)
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Dopamine D3 and D4 receptor antagonists in the treatment of schizophrenia.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Curr Opinion in Investigational Drugs. ; 3:1, s. 101-5
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Forskningsöversikt (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The findings that dopamine D3 and D4 receptors are highly expressed in limbic and cortical areas (D4 more than D3), and the fact that the atypical drug clozapine has preferential affinity for the D4 receptors have suggested an involvement of these receptors in schizophrenia. Subsequently, many pharmaceutical companies have pursued the approach of developing selective dopamine D3 or D4 antagonists as potential antipsychotics. This review will discuss the current status of selective dopamine D3 and D4 receptor antagonists for the treatment of schizophrenia.
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- Odberg Pettersson, Karen, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of an adapted model of the World Health Organization partograph used by Angolan midwives in a peripheral delivery unit
- 2000
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Ingår i: Midwifery. - Edinburgh : Churchill Livingstone. - 0266-6138 .- 1532-3099. ; 16:2, s. 82-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The addition of laboratory bilirubin readings to an algorithm based on pH alone improves prediction of feeding tube location; although reliable pH-teststrips are available, there is no bedside test to measure bilirubin in feeding tube aspirates.Objectives:This study was designed to test the efficacy of a bilirubin teststrip with a newly developed scale in measuring the bilirubin content in feeding tube aspirates, and to determine the effectiveness of a combination of readings from pH and bilirubin teststrips in predicting feeding tube location.Methods:A total of 631 gastrointestinal specimens for concurrent pH and bilirubin testing were obtained from adult, acutely ill patients with newly inserted feeding tubes (nasogastric, n = 328; nasointestinal, n = 303) within 5 minutes of radiographs taken to determine tube location. In addition, 225 respiratory specimens were tested. Bilirubin was measured with a teststrip incorporating a newly developed colorimetric visual bilirubin (VBIL) scale, and by a laboratory assay, pH was measured with a teststrip and a pH-meter. Results from the bilirubin and pH tests were read by research assistants and staff nurses and compared with tube location as determined by radiography.Results:The correlation between readings made from the 5-point VBIL scale and the trimmed laboratory bilirubin was 0.93, with dichotomized readings correlating 0.87 and kappa equal to 0.86. A pH greater than 5 and a bilirubin less than 5 mg/dL successfully identified 100% of the 225 respiratory cases. In the category of pH 5 or less and bilirubin less than 5 mg/dL, 98% of the cases were gastric cases. In the category of pH greater than 5 and bilirubin 5 or higher mg/dL, nearly 88% of the cases were intestinal cases.Conclusions:The newly developed VBIL scale is effective in determining the bilirubin content in feeding tube aspirates. Furthermore, compared with predicting tube location from pHpaper alone, dichotomized readings from the VBIL scale/bilirubin teststrip used in combination with a pH-teststrip improved the ability to differentiate between respiratory and gastrointestinal tube placement, as well as between gastric and intestinal tube placement. Refinement of the VBIL scale is indicated to increase its accuracy.
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- Odberg Pettersson, Karen, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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The lived experiences of autonomous Angolan midwives working in midwifery-led maternity units
- 2001
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Ingår i: Midwifery. - Edinburgh : Churchill Livingstone. - 0266-6138 .- 1532-3099. ; 17:2, s. 102-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: to describe the lived experiences of autonomous midwives working in Angolan midwifery-led maternity units.Design: a qualitative approach using semi-structured, audiotaped interviews, in Portugese. Data were analysed in a six-step process.Setting: three midwifery-led maternity units in the most densely populated suburbs in the capital of Angola, Luanda. The average number of deliveries per unit was 2500 per year.Participants: II midwives from the three maternity units.Findings: four main areas emerged: society/culture, significant others, personal self and professional self. Sub-areas, concepts and supporting statements were defined in each area.Key conclusions: the midwives served within a population living in rough circumstances but which maintained strong traditional roots. The midwives did not support homebirths, but did assist when needed,The midwives described their professional role as a 'calling: which was very independent, Cure, was considered more important than care, and strong emotions were expressed when discussing cases of failure,The partograph was viewed as an important instrument and continuous learning as crucial in their role as autonomous midwives.Implications for practice: the model of a midwifery-led delivery unit described in this study may be used in other countries facing the same problems as Angola, Difficulties concerning transfer should be seriously considered as well as adequate education for the midwives. A pre-requisite in order for peripheral maternity units to have any impact on maternal morbidity and mortality, is a well-organised first-referral level.
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