| 1. |
- Gyllensten, Hanna, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Comparing Methods for Estimating Direct Costs of Adverse Drug Events
- 2017
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Ingår i: Value in Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 1098-3015 .- 1524-4733. ; 20:10, s. 1299-1310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To estimate how direct health care costs resulting from adverse drug events (ADEs) and cost distribution are affected by methodological decisions regarding identification of ADEs, assigning relevant resource use to ADEs, and estimating costs for the assigned resources. Methods: ADEs were identified from medical records and diagnostic codes for a random sample of 4970 Swedish adults during a 3-month study period in 2008 and were assessed for causality. Results were compared for five cost evaluation methods, including different methods for identifying ADEs, assigning resource use to ADEs, and for estimating costs for the assigned resources (resource use method, proportion of registered cost method, unit cost method, diagnostic code method, and main diagnosis method). Different levels of causality for ADEs and ADEs contribution to health care resource use were considered. Results: Using the five methods, the maximum estimated overall direct health care costs resulting from ADEs ranged from Sk10,000 (Sk = Swedish krona; similar to(sic)1,500 in 2016 values) using the diagnostic code method to more than Sk3,000,000 (similar to(sic)414,000) using the unit cost method in our study population. The most conservative definitions for ADEs contribution to health care resource use and the causality of ADEs resulted in average costs per patient ranging from Sk0 using the diagnostic code method to Sk4066 (similar to(sic)500) using the unit cost method. Conclusions: The estimated costs resulting from ADEs varied considerably depending on the methodological choices. The results indicate that costs for ADEs need to be identified through medical record review and by using detailed unit cost data. Copyright (C) 2017, International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR). Published by Elsevier Inc.
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| 2. |
- Ponnert, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Standardisering som lösning
- 2015
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Ingår i: Människobehandlande organisationer. Villkor för ledning, styrning och professionellt välfärdsarbete.. - 9789127136311 ; , s. 214-230
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Svensson, Maria K., et al.
(författare)
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Decreased systolic blood pressure is associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and renal impairment : A nationwide longitudinal observational study of 27,732 patients based on the Swedish National Diabetes Register
- 2017
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Ingår i: Diabetes & Vascular Disease Research. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD. - 1479-1641 .- 1752-8984. ; 14:3, s. 226-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Previous studies have shown a U-shaped relationship between systolic blood pressure and risk of all-cause of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and renal impairment.Aims: To evaluate the associations between time-updated systolic blood pressure and time-updated change in systolic blood pressure during the follow-up period and risk of all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and renal impairment.Patients and methods: A total of 27,732 patients with type 2 diabetes and renal impairment in the Swedish National Diabetes Register were followed for 4.7years. Time-dependent Cox models were used to estimate risk of all-cause mortality. Time-updated mean systolic blood pressure is the average of the baseline and the reported post-baseline systolic blood pressures.Results: A time-updated systolic blood pressure<130mmHg was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality in patients both with and without a history of chronic heart failure (hazard ratio: 1.25, 95% confidence interval: 1.13-1.40 and hazard ratio: 1.26, 1.17-1.36, respectively). A time-updated decrease in systolic blood pressure>10mmHg between the last two observations was associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality (-10 to -25mmHg; hazard ratio: 1.24, 95% confidence interval: 1.17-1.32).Conclusion: Both low systolic blood pressure and a decrease in systolic blood pressure during the follow-up are associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and renal impairment.
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| 4. |
- Adolfsson, Per I, et al.
(författare)
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Zinc Induces a Bell-shaped Proliferative Dose-response Effect in Cultured Smooth Muscle Cells From Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0090-4295 .- 1527-9995. ; 85:3, s. 704.e15-704.e19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of zinc (Zn(2+)) concentrations on cultured benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation.METHODS: The effects of Zn(2+) were studied in primary cultures of human BPH SMC, stimulated with either 10-μM lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) or LPA in combination with 100-nM testosterone. Deoxyribonucleic acid replication and protein synthesis using [(3)H]-thymidine and [(35)S]-methionine incorporation were measured. Furthermore, studies were performed to evaluate if Zn(2+) could potentiate the inhibitory effect of phosphodiesterase-5 blockers, on BPH SMC proliferation.RESULTS: Zn(2+) generated a bell-shaped concentration response, both regarding deoxyribonucleic acid replication and protein synthesis in cultured BPH SMC. Below a threshold value (approximately 200 μM), a significant mitogenic effect was seen, whereas higher concentrations inhibited SMC proliferation after stimulation with LPA. This effect was even more pronounced after stimulation of LPA in combination with testosterone. Moreover, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, that is, sildenafil blocked LPA-stimulated BPH SMC proliferation. This antiproliferative effect, was significantly potentiated by coincubation with Zn(2+) in an additative manner.CONCLUSION: The bell-shaped concentration response of Zn(2+) on cultured BPH SMC proliferation suggests that changes in prostate Zn(2+) concentrations, during aging, diet, or inflammatory conditions, may be of importance in the pathogenesis of BPH.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Chaffey, Geraint, et al.
(författare)
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The Impact of Point-to-Point VSC-HVDC Protection on Short-Term AC System Voltage
- 2018
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Ingår i: 2018 IEEE pes innovative smart grid technologies conference europe (ISGT-EUROPE). - : IEEE.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whilst point-to-point HVDC systems are presently protected from DC-side faults using circuit breakers at the AC-side of the converter stations, converters are unable to provide reactive power support to the AC system during the fault clearance. Implementing DC circuit breakers within the HVDC system could result in several benefits, including the near-continuous provision of reactive power to the AC systems. This paper compares HVDC system protection sequences using AC-side and DC-side protection, and evaluates the impact of these protection strategies on the AC voltage under varying AC-system configurations and varying power flow conditions.
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| 7. |
- Engh, Lisbet, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish population-based study of pupils showed that foster children faced increased risks for ill health, negative lifestyles and school failure.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 106:10, s. 1635-1641
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: This population-based study explored whether foster children faced a higher risk of health problems than children of the same age who were not in foster care.METHODS: Data for 13 739 pupils aged 10, 13 and 16 years were obtained from the Pupil Health Database in the county of Värmland, Sweden, for the school years 2012/2013 and 2013/2014. These included data on school performance, health, lifestyle and social relationships, based on children's interviews with school nurses.RESULTS: Of all the pupils, 171 (1.2%) were in foster care. Children in foster care were generally unhealthier than other children. Both girls and boys were at higher risk of chronic health problems, daily smoking, use of drugs and school failure. When the girls in foster care were compared to other girls, we found that they faced a higher risk of psychological and psychosomatic symptoms. This difference was not found for boys. Foster children were also more likely to express a more negative view on life.CONCLUSION: We confirmed earlier studies that children in foster care tended to have inferior health and well-being than other children. These findings emphasise that health, risky behaviour and school performance should be considered together when assessing foster children.
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| 8. |
- Glad, Camilla A M, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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The GH receptor exon 3 deleted/full-length polymorphism is associated with central adiposity in the general population.
- 2015
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Ingår i: European journal of endocrinology / European Federation of Endocrine Societies. - 1479-683X .- 0804-4643. ; 172:2, s. 123-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To test the hypothesis that the growth hormone (GH) receptor (GHR) d3/fl polymorphism influences anthropometry and body composition in the general population. Design and Setting: The Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) reference study is a cross-sectional population-based study, randomly selected from a population registry. A sub-group of the population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (MDC-CC) was used as a replication cohort. Methods: The SOS reference study comprises 1135 subjects (46.2% men), with an average age of 49.5 yrs. The MDC-CC includes 5451 successfully genotyped subjects (41.5% men), with an average age of 57.5 yrs. GHR d3/fl genotypes were determined using tagSNP rs6873545. Linear regression analyses were used to test for genotype - phenotype associations. Results: In the SOS reference study, subjects homozygous for the d3-GHR weighed approximately four kilos more (p=0.011), had larger waist-to-hip ratio (WHR, p=0.036), waist circumference (p=0.016) and more fat free mass estimated from total body potassium (TBK, p=0.026) than grouped fl/d3 and fl/fl subjects (d3-recessive genetic model). The association with WHR was replicated in the MDC-CC (p=0.002), but not those with other anthropometric traits. Conclusions: In this population-based study the GHR d3/fl polymorphism was found to be of functional relevance and associated with central adiposity, such that subjects homozygous for the d3-GHR showed an increased abdominal obesity.
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| 9. |
- Huč, Sabina, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Coupled two-dimensional modeling of viscoelastic creep of wood
- 2018
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Ingår i: Wood Science and Technology. - : Springer. - 0043-7719 .- 1432-5225. ; 52:1, s. 29-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three coupled two-dimensional viscoelastic creep models for orthotropic material are analyzed. The models of different complexity are mathematically formulated and implemented in a finite element software. Required viscoelastic material parameters are determined by calibration procedure, where numerical results are compared against experimentally obtained viscoelastic strains caused by tensile or shear loading. Finally, a comparison method is used to evaluate the accuracy of strain predictions of each particular model. The analysis shows that all the models are able to accurately predict viscoelastic creep simultaneously in two perpendicular directions for various periods of time and wood species. Calculated numerical values of the viscoelastic material parameters suitable for the three models and wood species, i.e., Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), Norway spruce (Picea abies), Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa), and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), under constant tensile loading are also given.
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| 10. |
- Huc, Sabina, et al.
(författare)
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Hygro-mechanical analysis of wood subjected to constant mechanical load and varying relative humidity
- 2018
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Ingår i: Holzforschung. - : WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH. - 0018-3830 .- 1437-434X. ; 72:10, s. 863-870
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A hygro-mechanical (H-M) analysis of a wooden specimen sustaining a mechanical load while subjected to varying relative humidity was performed to predict the long-term rheological behavior of wood. The numerical analysis was based on the experimental results of total strains, monitored in two orthotropic material directions on oak wood specimens under constant uniaxial compression and with moisture content (MC) variation. For the moisture analysis, a multi-Fickian moisture transport model (MFMTM) was used to obtain temporal and spatial MC fields, which were the input data in the mechanical analysis. The presented mechanical model assumed a decomposition of the total strains into the elastic, viscoelastic and mechanosorptive strains and the strains due to shrinkage and swelling. The moisture and mechanical analyses required material parameters, which were taken from the literature or were empirically obtained by a fitting procedure. The performed H-M analysis gave accurate numerical predictions of the experimentally obtained total strains in two orthotropic directions simultaneously. Thus, the analysis developed has a high potential for predicting the long-term rheological behavior of timber structures, assuming that the material parameters are determined previously, based on specific, extensive, multidimensional experimental analyses.
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