| 1. |
- Nerini, Francesco Fuso, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable Development in the Wake of Covid-19
- 2024
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The ´decade of action´ to achieve the ambitious 17 Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 is off to a very challenging start. With progress on the achievement of most SDGs already lagging behind even before the Covid-19 crisis – our analysis finds that the pandemic negatively affects the achievement of 144 targets (almost 90%) of the SDGs. However, 66 targets (ca. 40%) could potentially benefit from the changes spurred by the crisis, given that the appropriate decisions are made. Holistic response and leadership are needed to ensure an inclusive economic recovery while protecting the environment. Furthermore, our analysis of the literature documents the unprecedented speed of the international community to assess the impacts of the pandemic. Future research should gather data to better understand the impacts of the pandemic locally and globally, and produce long-term analyses to inform the sustainable recovery across all SDGs.
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| 2. |
- Daoudy, Marwa, et al.
(författare)
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Migration and the 2030 Agenda
- 2022
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Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 5:8, s. 838-840
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The migration of people poses many challenges but also opportunities and has strong implications for the success and delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Conversely, the 2030 Agenda consti-tutes a vital opportunity to improve migrants' lives. This Voices asks: how should migration be integrated into, and actioned within, the SDG framework to maximize positive, and minimize negative, outcomes?
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| 3. |
- Döring, Stefan, 1986-
(författare)
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Cooperation and Conflict amid Water Scarcity
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Over two billion people remain without safe drinking water and more than four billion lack basic access to sanitation. Safely managing water is key for livelihoods, food security, energy production, and overall socio-economic development. This dissertation analyzes how scarce water resources affect cooperation and conflict. First, I study water scarcity in relation to communal violence. Second, I consider how water scarcity can be a source of cooperative behavior, a key ingredient to peace.This dissertation contributes to research on peace and conflict issues and across other disciplines, studying the consequences of water scarcity. Essay I shows how lacking groundwater access increases incidences of communal violence. This is the first study on armed conflict that combines data on groundwater, surface water, and precipitation. Essay II analyzes spatial spillover processes of conflict-inducing factors. The study introduces a theoretical framework explaining spillover dynamics of communal conflict. Furthermore, the analysis shows that drought explains violence not locally but through wider neighborhood exposure. Essay III suggests drought-prone regions could be harbingers for water cooperation even in places with a history of violence. This research is also the first to analyze water cooperation at the sub-national level, thereby providing more detailed insights into peaceful hydropolitics. Essay IV shifts to the individual level. Studying the effect of exposure to water scarcity on altruism, the essay contributes to our understanding of microdynamics in conflict and adds to social psychological research on altruism.In sum, the dissertation makes four broader contributions. First, the findings suggest we need to look beyond resource scarcity as a cause for conflict. Instead we ought to study the potential of peaceful resource sharing and cooperation. Second, the dissertation addresses political actions by both individuals and groups, while also considering those in relation to government action. Addressing different group levels is key because conflict or cooperation dynamics address different spheres of action (individual, group, state). Third, the dissertation covers Africa, the Southern Mediterranean, and parts of the Middle East, thereby showing relevant findings for a larger geographic area than many previous studies. Lastly, the dissertation contributes to research on water issues by focusing on access to groundwater, which has been largely neglected in previous research. The findings can provide insights into our understanding of sustainable water management and environmental peacebuilding. Climate change challenges how we engage with water and, therefore, we must find more sustainable ways to use this resource.
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| 4. |
- Döring, Stefan, Dr, et al.
(författare)
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Integrating socio-hydrology, and peace and conflict research
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Hydrology. - : Elsevier. - 0022-1694 .- 1879-2707. ; 633
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Socio-hydrology strives to incorporate 'the social' into the understanding of hydrological processes, aiming to enrich the analysis of water systems by considering human interactions. While there is a broader interest in integrating socio-political processes into hydrology, our paper specifically emphasizes the significant contributions of peace and conflict research to understanding the complex social dynamics surrounding water. We conduct a brief review of key literature on interstate water sharing, international norms on water, and domestic water disputes, drawing extensively from empirical studies within peace and conflict research—a field with a rich tradition of examining the interplay of water systems and social dynamics. Building on this foundation, we propose ways to weave insights from peace research, especially environmental peacebuilding, into the realm of socio-hydrology. We also highlight the crucial role of power, politics, and social factors in shaping water-related interactions and conflicts. By fostering a dialogue between socio-hydrology and peace and conflict research, we advocate for a more nuanced understanding of water management and governance. This interdisciplinary approach, we argue, is essential for promoting sustainable and equitable water use, and for addressing the challenges posed by water-related conflicts in a rapidly changing global context.
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| 5. |
- Grech-Madin, Charlotte, 1992-
(författare)
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The Water Taboo : Restraining the Weaponisation of Water in International Conflict
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Why do nation states in conflict with one another refrain from weaponising water? Water has long been a standard weapon of armed conflict. In the post-World War II period, however, nation states in international conflict have made concerted efforts to restrain its weaponisation. This is puzzling given the absolute vitality of water to an adversary, a long historical record of water weaponisation, and water’s heightened military utility in the face of rising scarcity. Distinct from existing scholarship, this study contends that water has become embedded in a global normative inhibition – a “water taboo” – that denounces its weaponisation as morally unacceptable. Through qualitative case research involving elite interviewing and historical analysis, this study examines the water taboo. Three focal points include its existence, how it evolved over time, and most importantly, how it influences states’ decisions on whether or not to weaponise water. The study first outlines the water taboo. Next it analyses the taboo’s historical origins, and later its strengthening from the 1950s to the present via a confluence of broader humanitarian and environmental protection movements. It then examines the taboo’s influence in a “hard” case of India in the 1999 Kargil War, and “deviant” case of the US in the 1991 Gulf War. Altogether, the study contributes that: (i) a moral aversion to weaponising water exists; (ii) it has evolved through multiple phases of norm strengthening in the past seventy years; and (iii) it influences state behaviour at an instrumental level and, in some cases, more internalised level of compliance. Where the taboo is not fully internalised, this study finds that the taboo’s influence is mediated by levels of military necessity, operational dependence of the military on politicians, and embeddedness of belligerents in the international community. These findings firmly extend IR and Peace and Conflict literature into the domain of water, and suggest future avenues for research and policy to charter long-term peace and security around water.
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| 6. |
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Handbook of Security and the Environment
- 2021
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- This comprehensive Handbook tackles the increasingly urgent problem of the impact of climate change on conflict and human security. It analyses the ways in which scarcity of resources leads to food, water and health insecurities, resulting in population migration. Featuring contributions from leading international scholars, chapters cover how these contribute globally to societal insecurity and violent conflict in a growing number of regions.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Kim, Kyungmee
(författare)
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Civil Resistance in the Shadow of War : Explaining popular mobilization against dams in Myanmar
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Why do some conflict-affected communities collectively resist dam-building while others do not? State-backed development projects such as hydropower dams have been the subject of societal resistance in countries around the world. In armed conflict areas, local populations who organize nonviolent resistance through collective action against these high-impact projects face additional challenges, such as being targeted for violence and coercion by the authorities. Some of these communities succeed in mobilizing widespread, long-term resistance, but others do not. This dissertation investigates this puzzle by focusing on Kachin, Karen, and Ta’ang minority communities in Myanmar affected, respectively, by the planned Myitsone, Hatgyi, and Shweli dams. Empirical material collected during 13 months of fieldwork in Myanmar reveals that the social-psychological legacies of armed conflict between the central government and minority groups have shaped the dam-opposition campaigns’ collective responses. The variation in community reactions to planned dam projects can be explained by the varying salience and boundaries of collective identities, derived largely from the population’s conflict experiences. Identity formation in conflict-affected societies was influenced by the population’s conflict experiences, collective memories, and trauma passed on between generations. Collective victimhood, in particular, was found to be embedded in identity, which was instrumental for forming a cognitive-affective repertoire for the local population who recognized the dam as collective harm that must be faced through community solidarity. Conflict dynamics and a community’s organizational capacity further affected the patterns of social mobilization and spread of resistance. The research findings contribute to a better understanding of civil resistance in armed conflict areas by broadening the scope of threats that civilian populations face in conflict settings. It conceptualizes negative social and environmental impacts of dams and other state interventions as a cause of civil resistance. This research also highlights the linkage between armed conflict and social mobilization through the shared experiences of local communities. The findings have policy implications as they suggest the importance of a cautionary approach when promoting development in post-conflict environments. The results also imply that community-level peacebuilding should seriously engage with local communities in efforts to better understand the legacies of war and shared identity.
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| 9. |
- Krampe, Florian, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental Peacebuilding
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Oxford Handbook of Peacebuilding, Statebuilding, and Peace Formation. - New York : Oxford University Press. - 9780190904418 - 9780190904425 ; , s. 563-577
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For international and domestic actors, postconflict situations constitute one of the most difficult policy arenas to understand and operate within. In this context, the sustainable management of natural resources to prevent conflict and build peace—before, during, or after conflict—has received increasing scholarly attention over the past three decades. Emphasizing the potential for environmental cooperation to support peace and stability, researchers have focused on the ecological foundations for a socially, economically, and politically resilient peace. This chapter takes stock of the current state of the art on environmental peacebuilding, providing a summary of the most common definitions before looking back at the development of environmental peacebuilding along the two most noticeable perspectives and the remaining challenges and pathways for future research.
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| 10. |
- Krampe, Florian, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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The Environment and Human Security : a Water-Food-Energy Nexus Approach
- 2022
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Ingår i: Routledge Handbook of Environmental Security. - Abingdon ; New York : Routledge. - 9781138092297 - 9781032149806 - 9781315107592 ; , s. 250-259
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To understand the link between the environment and human security, the water–food–energy nexus is critical. Indeed, a growing body of literature shows how environmental degradation and change fundamentally affect the livelihood of people around the world, especially through pathways related to water, food, and energy. In fragile and conflict-affected states, environmental change, in particular, exacerbates societal instability and is linked to sustained conflict. In this chapter, we provide a state-of-the-art overview of the interlinkages of the environment and human security by looking at both the risks and opportunities. We provide specific linkages to the key determinants of human security, namely food, water, and energy, and illustrate the connection with case studies.
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