| 1. |
- Swiderski, L., et al.
(författare)
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Boron-10 loaded BC523A liquid scintillator for neutron detection in the border monitoring
- 2007
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Ingår i: 2007 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium & Medical Imaging Conference. - : IEEE. - 1424409233 - 9781424409235 ; , s. 1389-1395
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A BC523A liquid scintillator loaded with boron-10 was tested as a detector for both fast and thermal neutrons. Pulse shape discrimination (PSD) method based on a zero-crossing principle was applied to distinguish between neutron and gamma radiation. High quantum efficiency Photonis XP5500B photomultiplier was used to enhance light detection from the scintillator. This allowed a good registration of the energy spectrum of neutron capture events on boron-10, corresponding to about 60 keVee. The applied PSD method proved to be useful for n/γ discrimination. A good resolving power of the method was achieved even without gating on neutron capture events. A comparison with a standard BC501A liquid scintillator was done to evaluate thermal neutrons detection efficiency in BC523A.
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| 2. |
- Swiderski, L., et al.
(författare)
-
Boron-10 Loaded BC523A Liquid Scintillator for Neutron Detection in the Border Monitoring
- 2008
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-9499 .- 1558-1578. ; 55:6, s. 3710-3716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A BC523A liquid scintillator loaded with boron-10 was tested as a detector for both fast and thermal neutrons. A pulse shape discrimination (PSD) method based on a zero-crossing principle was applied to distinguish between neutron and gamma radiation. High quantum efficiency Photonis XP5500B photomultiplier was used to enhance light detection from the scintillator. This allowed a good registration of the energy spectrum of neutron capture events on boron-10, corresponding to about 60 keV gamma-rays. The applied PSD method proved to be useful for n/gamma discrimination. A good resolving power of the method was achieved even without gating on neutron capture events. A comparison with a standard BC501A liquid scintillator was done to evaluate thermal neutrons detection efficiency in BC523A.
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| 3. |
- Swiderski, L., et al.
(författare)
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Further study of Boron-10 loaded liquid scintillators for detection of fast and thermal neutrons
- 2008
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Boron-10 loaded liquid scintillators were studied in order to improve n/γ separation. Pulse shape discrimination (PSD) was done by means of a zero-crossing (ZC) method to distinguish between γ-rays and fast/slow neutrons. A significant progress was achieved for BC523A2 and EJ339A2 loaded with reduced amount of ,10B (2% and 2.5%, respectively), as compared to the results obtained earlier with BC523A loaded with 5% of 10B. The improvement was probably caused by the reduction of 10B content, as indicated in the latter study. A 10B loaded scintillator EJ309B5 based on a non-flammable liquid was also studied, showing the best separation of thermal neutron capture events from fast neutrons, γ-rays and noise.
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| 4. |
- Klamra, Wlodzimierz, et al.
(författare)
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Light yield non-proportionality of undoped YAP scintillator
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - : IOP Publishing. - 1748-0221. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scintillation properties of undoped YAP crystal were studied. The emission spectra show a very intense light component at 360 nm. Analysis of the light pulse shape resulted in five components, four of them, with time constants of 38+/-2 ns, 92+/-3 ns, 7.5+/-0.5 mu s and 24+/-3 mu s, representing high light intensity. The light yield was found to be temperature dependent, N-ph=3090+/-130 ph/MeV at liquid nitrogen temperature and N-ph=1440+/-60 ph/MeV at room temperature. Also the light yield non-proportionality shows temperature dependence and is more pronounced at room temperature.
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| 5. |
- Klamra, Wlodzimierz, et al.
(författare)
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Properties of CdWO4 and ZnWO4 at Liquid Nitrogen Temperature
- 2009
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Ingår i: 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5. - 9781424439614 ; , s. 1561-1565
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two samples of 10 mm diameter and 10 mm height CdWO4 (CdWO) and ZnWO4 (ZnWO) scintillators were studied at room (RT) and liquid nitrogen (LN2) temperature. At room temperature the crystals were coupled to a Photonis XP3212 photomultiplier. During experiments in liquid nitrogen a Large Area Avalanche Photodiode (LAAPD) was used as a photodetector. Measurements of light output, non-proportionality of the light yield and intrinsic resolution as a function of gamma-ray energies were performed at both temperatures. The non-proportionality for the two crystals, likely CaWO4, reveals temperature dependence, to reach the same values at LN2 temperature. Intrinsic energy resolution for both crystals was also changed at LN2 comparing to the data collected at RT. The intrinsic energy resolution was improved below 100 keV and deteriorated for higher energies.
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| 6. |
- Swiderski, Lukasz, et al.
(författare)
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Scintillation properties of undoped CsI and CsI doped with CsBr
- 2008
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. - 0018-9499 .- 1558-1578. ; 55:3, s. 1241-1245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The light output, energy resolution, and nonproportionality characteristics were measured for undoped CsI and several samples of CsI with different doping by CsBr. A correlation between nonproportionality of the light yield and the intrinsic energy resolution was confirmed. Contrary to previously published results the light yield of the tested samples was found to be degraded with increasing bromine concentration. The inspection of light pulse shapes was done by the single photon coincidence method. Decay times of the scintillation pulse were measured for undoped and bromine doped crystals, showing the main scintillation in tens of nanoseconds range.
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| 7. |
- Syntfeld-Kazuch, A., et al.
(författare)
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Non-proportionality and Energy Resolution of CsI(Tl)
- 2007
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Ingår i: 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record. - : IEEE. - 1424405610 - 9781424405619 ; , s. 1144-1149
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimental studies of CsI(Tl) crystals with different amount of Tl activator are presented. Such properties like non-proportionality, energy resolution and number of photoelectrons per 1 MeV-γ were inspected at two different shaping time constants, i.e. 3 and 12 μs. A CsT(Tl) crystal was coupled to the XP5212 PMT with a photocathode blue sensitivity of 12.2μA/lmF. Six GsI(Tl) crystals of different size were tested. Among them three samples were of known Tl concentration which amounted roughly 0.05, 0.1 and 0.25 mol%. The data analysis showed much more proportional character of the crystal response, higher number of photoelectrons/MeV-γ, and what follows better overall energy resolution obtained for 12 μs time constant for all tested samples. Calculated intrinsic resolution improved at longer shaping time constant as well, indicating that for CsI(Tl) crystals more proportional response implies better intrinsic energy resolution of the host crystal. In contrast, intrinsic resolution at low energy region (below about 30 keV) deteriorated for the longer shaping time constant. An α/γ ratio was also measured for each tested CsI(Tl) crystal in order to find any indication to an explanation of the intrinsic resolution deterioration for low energy photons at the 12 μs integration time.
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