| 1. |
- Larsson, Anders, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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VCSEL design and integration for high-capacity optical interconnects
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. - 9781510606593 ; 10109, s. 101090M-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers and multi-mode fibers is the dominating technology for short-reach optical interconnects in datacenters and high performance computing systems at current serial rates of up to 25-28 Gbit/s. This is likely to continue at 50-56 Gbit/s. The technology shows potential for 100 Gbit/s.
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| 2. |
- Castro, Jose Manuel, et al.
(författare)
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48.7 Gb/s 4-PAM Transmission over 200 m of High Bandwidth MMF using an 850 nm VCSEL
- 2015
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Ingår i: IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. - 1041-1135 .- 1941-0174. ; 27:17, s. 1799-1801
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate 4-PAM 48.67 Gb/s transmission, using a directly modulated VCSEL, over 50, 100 and 200 m of multimode fiber with partial dispersion compensation properties. The results of our experiments indicate that 200 m reach is achievable with forward error correcting codes with small overhead.
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| 3. |
- Castro, Jose Manuel, et al.
(författare)
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50 Gb/s 4-PAM over 200 m of High Bandwidth MMF using a 850 nm VCSEL
- 2015
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Ingår i: Optical Fiber Communication Conference 2015, Los Angeles, California, United States, 22–26 March 2015. - 9781557529374
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experiments for transmission of 50Gb/s, 4-PAM using direct modulated VCSEL over 100m and 200m of MMF with partial dispersion compensation properties are presented.
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| 4. |
- Castro, J. M., et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of 60 Gb/s 4-PAM Using an 850 nm VCSEL and Multimode Fiber
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 34:16, s. 3825-3836
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate 4-pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) at data rates in the range of 50-60 Gb/s using a directly modulated 850 nm VCSEL and multimode fiber links up to 200 m. The channel conditions in which 4-PAM has performance advantages over traditional ON-OFF keying are evaluated followed by experimental results at data rates of 56.7 Gb/s over distances up to 200 m using equalization and FEC, with a post-FEC bit error rate of 10(-12). The reported analysis is applicable to future Ethernet and Fibre Channel applications requiring 50 Gb/s serial data rates per lane over multimode fibers.
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| 5. |
- Chen, Jingjing, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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An Energy Efficient 56 Gbps PAM-4 VCSEL Transmitter Enabled by a 100 Gbps Driver in 0.25 µm InP DHBT Technology
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 34:21, s. 954-4964
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Datacenters demand higher speed VCSEL-based optical interconnects at low power consumption. As a potential technology enabler, this paper presents a wide bandwidth and energy efficient multilevel PAM VCSEL driver implemented in an InP 0.25 μm double heterojunction bipolar transistor (DHBT) technology. The operational bandwidth of the driver is verified and error-free electrical data transmission up to 56 Gbps PAM-2 and 100 Gbps PAM-4 is demonstrated at a driver energy consumption less than 2 pJ/bit. The driver is integrated and tested with an in-house fabricated 850 nm VCSEL. Error-free 56 Gbps PAM-4 optical transmission at a transmitter energy consumption of 3.7 pJ/bit is demonstrated without equalization. This is the highest data rate reported for an integrated PAM-4 modulated VCSEL transmitter, while being the most energy efficient above 40 Gbps operation. Moreover, the VCSEL driver offers a pre-emphasis feature at PAM-2 operation for improved link throughput and receiver sensitivity.
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| 6. |
- Fougstedt, Christoffer, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Low-Power Low-Latency BCH Decoders for Energy-Efficient Optical Interconnects
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 35:23, s. 5201-5207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since energy dissipation and latency in optical interconnects are of utmost concern, such links are often operated without forward error correction. We propose a low-complexity non-iterative 2-error correcting BCH decoder circuit that significantly relaxes the stringent optical modulation amplitude requirements on the transmitter, which help to reduce laser and laser driver energy. We demonstrate, in a 28-nm CMOS process technology, that the introduction of this BCH circuit in an uncoded link leads to energy-per-bit reductions of 25%, even when impact of code rate on receiver energy dissipation is considered.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Lengyel, Tamas, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of Damping on 50 Gbps 4-PAM Modulation of 25G Class VCSELs
- 2017
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Ingår i: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. - 2162-2701. - 9781943580231 ; , s. paper W3G.2-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the effects of photon lifetime and damping of the modulation response on the quality of 50 Gbps 4-PAM signal generation with directly modulated 25G class VCSELs and identify the appropriate values for the K-factor.
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| 9. |
- Lengyel, Tamas, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of Damping on 50 Gbps 4-PAM Modulation of 25G Class VCSELs
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 35:19, s. 4203-4209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present an investigation into the effects of photon lifetime and the associated damping of the modulation response on 50 Gbps 4-PAM signal generation with directly modulated 25G class VCSELs. While 4-PAM benefits from higher slope efficiency and output power, it is shown that the greater impact of intensity noise and dynamic nonlinearities implies that a VCSEL with a longer photon lifetime and more damped response is needed when transitioning from existing 25 Gbps OOK to 50 Gbps 4-PAM using the 25G VCSEL technology.
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| 10. |
- Lengyel, Tamas, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Sensitivity Improvements in an 850 nm VCSEL-based Link using a Two-tap Pre-emphasis Electronic Filter
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 35:9, s. 1633-1639
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present an investigation of an ISI penalty reduction for On-Off Keying in an 850 nm VCSEL-based short optical link using a two-tap electronic pre-emphasis filter and quantify the improvement relative to an equivalent link without pre-emphasis. Error-free operation is demonstrated at bit rates above the −3 dB modulation bandwidth of the link. Sensitivity improvement up to 9 dB compared to non-emphasized signaling is shown. A maximum error-free bit rate achievable in the link is increased to 57 Gbps, compared to 52 Gbps without the pre-emphasis.
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