| 1. |
- Diamant, Zuzana, et al.
(author)
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Toward clinically applicable biomarkers for asthma : An EAACI position paper
- 2019
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In: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 74:10, s. 1835-1851
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Inflammation, structural, and functional abnormalities within the airways are key features of asthma. Although these processes are well documented, their expression varies across the heterogeneous spectrum of asthma. Type 2 inflammatory responses are characterized by increased levels of eosinophils, FeNO, and type 2 cytokines in blood and/or airways. Presently, type 2 asthma is the best-defined endotype, typically found in patients with allergic asthma, but surprisingly also in nonallergic patients with (severe) asthma. The etiology of asthma with non-type 2 inflammation is less clear. During the past decade, targeted therapies, including biologicals and small molecules, have been increasingly integrated into treatment strategies of severe asthma. These treatments block specific inflammatory pathways or single mediators. Single or composite biomarkers help to identify patients who will benefit from these treatments. So far, only a few inflammatory biomarkers have been validated for clinical application. The European Academy of Allergy & Clinical Immunology Task Force on Biomarkers in Asthma was initiated to review different biomarker sampling methods and to investigate clinical applicability of new and existing inflammatory biomarkers (point-of-care) to support diagnosis, targeted treatment, and monitoring of severe asthma. Subsequently, we discuss existing and novel targeted therapies for asthma as well as applicable biomarkers.
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| 2. |
- Flordelis, Jose, et al.
(author)
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Massive MIMO Performance - TDD Versus FDD : What Do Measurements Say?
- 2018
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In: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 1536-1276 .- 1558-2248. ; 17:4, s. 2247-2261
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Downlink beamforming in Massive MIMO either relies on uplink pilot measurements--exploiting reciprocity and time-division duplexing (TDD) operation, or on the use of a predetermined grid of beams with user equipments reporting their preferred beams, mostly in frequency-division duplexing (FDD) operation. Massive MIMO in its originally conceived form uses the first strategy, with uplink pilots, whereas there is currently significant commercial interest in the second, grid-of- beams. It has been analytically shown that with isotropic scattering (independent Rayleigh fading) the first approach outperforms the second. Nevertheless, there remains controversy regarding their relative performance in practical channels. In this contribution, the performances of these two strategies are compared using measured channel data at 2.6 GHz.
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| 3. |
- Gao, Xiang, et al.
(author)
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Massive MIMO in Real Propagation Environments: Do All Antennas Contribute Equally?
- 2015
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In: IEEE Transactions on Communications. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 0090-6778 .- 1558-0857. ; 63:11, s. 3917-3928
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Massive MIMO can greatly increase both spectral and transmit-energy efficiency. This is achieved by allowing the number of antennas and RF chains to grow very large. However, the challenges include high system complexity and hardware energy consumption. Here we investigate the possibilities to reduce the required number of RF chains, by performing antenna selection. While this approach is not a very effective strategy for theoretical independent Rayleigh fading channels, a substantial reduction in the number of RF chains can be achieved for real massive MIMO channels, without significant performance loss. We evaluate antenna selection performance on measured channels at 2.6 GHz, using a linear and a cylindrical array, both having 128 elements. Sum-rate maximization is used as the criterion for antenna selection. A selection scheme based on convex optimization is nearly optimal and used as a benchmark. The achieved sum-rate is compared with that of a very simple scheme that selects the antennas with the highest received power. The power-based scheme gives performance close to the convex optimization scheme, for the measured channels. This observation indicates a potential for significant reductions of massive MIMO implementation complexity, by reducing the number of RF chains and performing antenna selection using simple algorithms.
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| 4. |
- Gao, Xiang, et al.
(author)
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Multi-Switch for Antenna Selection in Massive MIMO
- 2015
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In: Proc. 2015 IEEE Global Communications Conference, ISBN: 978-147995952-5. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). ; , s. 1-6
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Massive MIMO has been shown to greatly improve spectral and transmit-energy efficiency. When implementing a massive MIMO system, one challenge is high hardware complexity. A solution is to reduce the number of radio frequency (RF) transceiver chains by performing antenna selection. However, a full RF switch that connects the antennas and RF chains can be highly complex and incurs significant loss in output signal quality, especially when the number of antennas and RF chains are large. We therefore propose a simpler solution - binary switching architecture, which is sub-optimal but provides better signal quality, as compared to the full switching network. To evaluate the proposed technique, we compare the sum-rate capacity when using several different configurations of binary switching with the performance of the full switching. Full MIMO performance obtained without antenna selection is also presented as a reference. The investigations in this paper are all based on measured channel data at 2.6 GHz, using a uniform linear array and a cylindrical array, both having 128 antenna elements. It is found that the proposed binary switching gives very competitive performance that are close to the full switching, for the measured channels. The results indicate a potential to simplify massive MIMO hardware by reducing the number of RF chains, and performing antenna selection with simple binary switching architecture.
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| 5. |
- Majid, Asifa, et al.
(author)
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Differential coding of perception in the world's languages
- 2018
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In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424. ; 115:45, s. 11369-11376
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Is there a universal hierarchy of the senses, such that some senses (e.g., vision) are more accessible to consciousness and linguistic description than others (e.g., smell)? The long-standing presumption in Western thought has been that vision and audition are more objective than the other senses, serving as the basis of knowledge and understanding, whereas touch, taste, and smell are crude and of little value. This predicts that humans ought to be better at communicating about sight and hearing than the other senses, and decades of work based on English and related languages certainly suggests this is true. However, how well does this reflect the diversity of languages and communities worldwide? To test whether there is a universal hierarchy of the senses, stimuli from the five basic senses were used to elicit descriptions in 20 diverse languages, including 3 unrelated sign languages. We found that languages differ fundamentally in which sensory domains they linguistically code systematically, and how they do so. The tendency for better coding in some domains can be explained in part by cultural preoccupations. Although languages seem free to elaborate specific sensory domains, some general tendencies emerge: for example, with some exceptions, smell is poorly coded. The surprise is that, despite the gradual phylogenetic accumulation of the senses, and the imbalances in the neural tissue dedicated to them, no single hierarchy of the senses imposes itself upon language.
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| 6. |
- Neij, Lena, et al.
(author)
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Lunds kommuns klimatpolitiska råd: Rapport 2019
- 2019
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Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Lunds kommuns klimatpolitiska råd bildades hösten 2018 med uppdrag attutvärdera hur Lunds kommuns samlade politik är förenlig med de klimatmålsom antagits av kommunfullmäktige. Rådet som är det första lokala klimatpolitiska rådet i Sverige är en unik satsning för främjandet av ett aktivt och framåtsyftande lokalt klimatarbete.Sveriges kommuner har en viktig roll att fylla i klimatarbetet – för såväl minskad klimatpåverkan som anpassning till ett förändrat klimat. Lunds kommun har genom åren visat på handlingskraft inom miljö- och klimatområdet och har antagit ambitiösa klimatmål. I bildandet av ett klimatpolitiskt råd befäster kommunen sin ambition om att bedriva ett kunskapsbaserat klimatarbete. Kommunens vision ”Lund skapar framtiden – med kunskap, innovation och öppenhet” inspirerar även till handling och engagemang i det lokala klimatarbetet. Samarbetet mellan Lunds kommun och akademin har sedan länge stimulerat utvecklingen i Lund och utgör en viktig källa till nytänkande och problemlösning. Rådet ser fram emot uppgiften att utvärdera kommunens klimatarbete men uttrycker samtidigt en ödmjukhet inför komplexiteten i detta arbete. Rådets ambition är att bidra konstruktivt och lösningsorienterat till utvecklingen av det lokala klimatarbetet.Lunds kommuns klimatpolitiska råd kommer årligen att presentera en rapport i vilken rådet granskar Lunds kommuns samlade klimatpolitik. Detta är rådets första rapport och granskningen utgår från de mål som presenteras i LundaEko II under rubrikerna ”Minsta möjliga klimatpåverkan” och ”Klimatanpassning”. I rapporten utvärderar rådet i vilken utsträckning kommunens arbete är tillräckligt för att nå etappmålen för 2020 samt identifierar utmaningar och rekommendationer för arbetet med att nå de övergripande målen för 2030 och 2050. Rådet påbörjade sitt uppdrag först hösten 2018 och har behövt ägna tid åt att lära känna kommunens lokala klimatarbete. Granskningen i rådets första rapport är därför av övergripande karaktär.Ett framgångsrikt klimatarbete förutsätter en bred kunskapsbas. Lunds kommuns klimatpolitiska råd består av forskare med bred tvär- och mångvetenskaplig kompetens från Lunds universitet (LU) och SLU Alnarp. Ett lyckat klimatarbete kräver även ett bredare engagemang, vilket rådet avser bidra till genom god kommunikation och inkluderande dialog.
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| 7. |
- Nilsson, Mikael G., et al.
(author)
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A path loss and shadowing model for multilink vehicle-to-vehicle channels in urban intersections
- 2018
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In: Sensors (Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 1424-8220. ; 18:12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The non line-of-sight (NLOS) scenario in urban intersections is critical in terms of traffic safety—a scenario where Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication really can make a difference by enabling communication and detection of vehicles around building corners. A few NLOS V2V channel models exist in the literature but they all have some form of limitation, and therefore further research is need. In this paper, we present an alternative NLOS path loss model based on analysis from measured V2V communication channels at 5.9 GHz between six vehicles in two urban intersections. We analyze the auto-correlation of the large scale fading process and the influence of the path loss model on this. In cases where a proper model for the path loss and the antenna pattern is included, the de-correlation distance for the auto-correlation is as low as 2–4 m, and the cross-correlation for the large scale fading between different links can be neglected. Otherwise, the de-correlation distance has to be much longer and the cross-correlation between the different communication links needs to be considered separately, causing the computational complexity to be unnecessarily large. With these findings, we stress that vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) simulations should be based on the current geometry, i.e., a proper path loss model should be applied depending on whether the V2V communication is blocked or not by other vehicles or buildings.
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| 8. |
- Peyton, L, et al.
(author)
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Lipopolysaccharide Increases Cortical Kynurenic Acid and Deficits in Reference Memory in Mice
- 2019
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In: International journal of tryptophan research : IJTR. - : SAGE Publications. - 1178-6469. ; 12, s. 1178646919891169-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Kynurenic acid (KYNA), a glial-derived metabolite of tryptophan metabolism, is an antagonist of the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and the glycine-binding site of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Kynurenic acid levels are increased in both the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of several psychiatric disorders including bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer disease. In addition, pro-inflammatory cytokines have been found to be elevated in the blood of schizophrenic patients suggesting inflammation may play a role in psychiatric illness. As both pro-inflammatory cytokines and KYNA can be elevated in the brain by peripheral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection, we therefore sought to characterize the role of neuroinflammation on learning and memory using a well-described dual-LPS injection model. Mice were injected with an initial injection (0.25 mg/kg LPS, 0.50 mg/kg, or saline) of LPS and then administrated a second injection 16 hours later. Our results indicate both 0.25 and 0.50 mg/kg dual-LPS treatment increased l-kynurenine and KYNA levels in the medial pre-frontal cortex (mPFC). Mice exhibited impaired acquisition of CS+ (conditioned stimulus) Pavlovian conditioning. Notably, mice showed impairment in reference memory while working memory was normal in an 8-arm maze. Taken together, our findings suggest that neuroinflammation induced by peripheral LPS administration contributes to cognitive dysfunction.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Van Der Perre, Liesbet, et al.
(author)
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RadioWeaves for efficient connectivity : analysis and impact of constraints in actual deployments
- 2019
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In: Conference record of the Fifty-Third Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems & Computers. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781728143002 - 9781728143019 ; , s. 15-22
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present a new type of wireless access infrastructure consisting of a fabric of dispersed electronic circuits and antennas that collectively function as a massive, distributed antenna array. We have chosen to name this new wireless infrastructure "RadioWeaves" and anticipate they can be integrated into indoor and outdoor walls, furniture, and other objects, rendering them a natural part of the environment. Technologically, RadioWeaves will deploy distributed arrays to create both favorable propagation and antenna array interaction. The technology leverages on the ideas of large-scale intelligent surfaces and cell-free wireless access. Offering close to the service connectivity and computing, new grades in energy efficiency, reliability, and low latency can be reached. The new concept moreover can be scaled up easily to offer a very high capacity in specific areas demanding so. In this paper we anticipate how two different demanding use cases can be served well by a dedicated RadioWeaves deployment: a crowd scenario and a highly reflective factory environment. A practical approach towards a RadioWeaves prototype, integrating dispersed electronics invisibly in a room environment, is introduced. We outline the many and diverse R&D challenges that need to be addressed to realize the great potential of the RadioWeaves technology.
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