| 1. |
- Kövesdi, Erzsébet, et al.
(författare)
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Posttraumatic administration of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide in central fluid percussion injury in rats
- 2008
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Ingår i: Neurotoxicity research. - : Springer. - 1029-8428 .- 1476-3524. ; 13:2, s. 71-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several in vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) in focal cerebral ischemia, Parkinson's disease and traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of PACAP administration on diffuse axonal injury (DAI), an important contributor to morbidity and mortality associated with TBI, in a central fluid percussion (CFP) model of TBI. Rats were subjected to moderate (2 Atm) CFP injury. Thirty min after injury, 100 mu g PACAP was administered intracerebroventricularly. DAI was assessed by immunohistochemical detection of beta-amyloid precursor protein, indicating impaired axoplasmic transport, and RMO-14 antibody, representing foci of cytoskeletal alterations (neurofilament compaction), both considered classical markers of axonal damage. Analysis of damaged, immunoreactive axonal profiles revealed significant axonal protection in the PACAP-treated versus vehicle-treated animals in the corticospinal tract, as far as traumatically induced disturbance of axoplasmic transport and cytoskeletal alteration were considered. Similarly to our former observations in an impact acceleration model of diffuse TBI, the present study demonstrated that PACAP also inhibits DAI in the CFP injury model. The finding indicates that PACAP and derivates can be considered potential candidates for further experimental studies, or purportedly for clinical trials in the therapy of TBI.
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| 2. |
- Alafuzoff, Irina, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of beta-amyloid deposits in human brain : a study of the BrainNet Europe Consortium
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta Neuropathologica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0001-6322 .- 1432-0533. ; 117:3, s. 309-320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- beta-Amyloid (A-beta) related pathology shows a range of lesions which differ both qualitatively and quantitatively. Pathologists, to date, mainly focused on the assessment of both of these aspects but attempts to correlate the findings with clinical phenotypes are not convincing. It has been recently proposed in the same way as iota and alpha synuclein related lesions, also A-beta related pathology may follow a temporal evolution, i.e. distinct phases, characterized by a step-wise involvement of different brain-regions. Twenty-six independent observers reached an 81% absolute agreement while assessing the phase of A-beta, i.e. phase 1 = deposition of A-beta exclusively in neocortex, phase 2 = additionally in allocortex, phase 3 = additionally in diencephalon, phase 4 = additionally in brainstem, and phase 5 = additionally in cerebellum. These high agreement rates were reached when at least six brain regions were evaluated. Likewise, a high agreement (93%) was reached while assessing the absence/presence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and the type of CAA (74%) while examining the six brain regions. Of note, most of observers failed to detect capillary CAA when it was only mild and focal and thus instead of type 1, type 2 CAA was diagnosed. In conclusion, a reliable assessment of A-beta phase and presence/absence of CAA was achieved by a total of 26 observers who examined a standardized set of blocks taken from only six anatomical regions, applying commercially available reagents and by assessing them as instructed. Thus, one may consider rating of A-beta-phases as a diagnostic tool while analyzing subjects with suspected Alzheimer's disease (AD). Because most of these blocks are currently routinely sampled by the majority of laboratories, assessment of the A-beta phase in AD is feasible even in large scale retrospective studies.
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| 3. |
- Csepregi, Gyula, et al.
(författare)
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Sülyos koponya-agy sérültek ellátása Magyarországon, 2002-ben : [Management of patients with severe head injury in Hungary, in 2002]
- 2007
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Ingår i: Orvosi Hetilap. - : Akademiai Kiado Rt.. - 0030-6002 .- 1788-6120. ; 148:17, s. 771-777
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Hungary, epidemiological and clinical data regarding brain injury were rather scarce. The Hungarian Society for Neurotrauma aimed to make a nation-wide study about the number and the mortality of patients with severe head trauma, the organization of management, the diagnostics and monitoring in use, and finally about the clinical practice of management. A national survey was carried out with questionnaires asking about data of 2001, and a prospective, three-month-long data collection based on case studies was also executed in 2002. The Hungarian National Ambulance and Emergency Service centralized information gathering on rescue, and transportation. To collect data of hospital care, a network of regional coordinators and hospital communicators was developed. The responders covered 76% of the hospital neurotrauma care in the country. The number of brain trauma patients was close to 14,000 per year: 71.3% mild, 19.4% moderate, and 9.4% severe trauma. According to prospective study the mortality of those patients who were admitted as severe head injury patients was 55% and the mortality of those who got into severe condition later was 35% during the acute care. These data showed much worse outcome than those published in Western European countries and North America. In the background the authors found communication disorder between prehospital and hospital care, extreme long time spent until the patients got to the first CT-exam and to the definitive care. The implementation of Hungarian and international head trauma guidelines did not spread widely.
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| 4. |
- Ma, Ying-Juan, et al.
(författare)
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3D global multi-species Hall-MHD simulation of the Cassini T9 flyby
- 2007
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 34:24, s. L24S10-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The wake region of Titan is an important component of Titan's interaction with its surrounding plasma and therefore a thorough understanding of its formation and structure is of primary interest. The Cassini spacecraft passed through the distant downstream region of Titan on 18: 59: 30 UT Dec. 26, 2005, which is referred to as the T9 flyby and provided a great opportunity to test our understanding of the highly dynamic wake region. In this paper we compare the observational data (from the magnetometer, plasma analyzer and Langmuir probe) with numerical results using a 7-species Hall MHD Titan model. There is a good agreement between the observed and modeled parameters, given the uncertainties in plasma measurements and the approximations inherent in the Hall MHD model. Our simulation results also show that Hall MHD model results fit the observations better than the non-Hall MHD model for the flyby, consistent with the importance of kinetic effects in the Titan interaction. Based on the model results, we also identify various regions near Titan where Hall MHD models are applicable.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Pettkó-Szandtner, Aladár, et al.
(författare)
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Activation of an alfalfa cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor by calmodulin-like domain protein kinase.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Plant Journal. - 0960-7412. ; 46:1, s. 111-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Kip-related proteins (KRPs) play a central role in the regulation of the cell cycle and differentiation through modulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) functions. We have identified a CDK inhibitor gene from Medicago truncatula (Mt) by a yeast two-hybrid screen. The KRPMt gene was expressed in all plant organs and cultured cells, and its transcripts accumulated after abscisic acid and NaCl treatment. The KRPMt protein exhibits seven conserved sequence domains and a PEST motif that is also detected in various Arabidopsis KRPs. In the yeast two-hybrid test, the KRPMt protein interacted with CDK (Medsa;CDKA;1) and D-type cyclins. However, in the pull-down assays, B-type CDK complexes were also detectable. Recombinant KRPMt differentially inhibited various alfalfa CDK complexes in phosphorylation assays. The immunoprecipitated Medsa;CDKA;1/A;2 complex was strongly inhibited, whereas the mitotic Medsa;CDKB2;1 complex was the most sensitive to inhibition. Function of Medsa;CDKB1;1 complex was not inhibited by the KRPMt protein. The mitotic Medsa;CYCB2 and Medsa;CYCA2;1 complexes responded weakly to this inhibitor protein. Kinase complexes from G2/M cells showed increased sensitivity towards the inhibitor compared with those isolated from G1/S-phase cells. In vitro phosphorylation of Medicago retinoblastoma-related protein was also reduced in the presence of KRPMt. Phosphorylation of this inhibitor protein by the recombinant calmodulin-like domain protein kinase (MsCPK3) resulted in enhanced inhibition of CDK function. The data presented emphasize the selective sensitivity of various cyclin-dependent kinase complexes to this inhibitor protein, and suggest a role for CDK inhibitors and CPKs in cross-talk between Ca2+ signalling and regulation of cell-cycle progression in plants.
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