| 1. |
- Schoch, Conrad L., et al.
(författare)
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Finding needles in haystacks: linking scientific names, reference specimens and molecular data for Fungi
- 2014
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Ingår i: Database: The Journal of Biological Databases and Curation. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1758-0463. ; 2014:bau061, s. 1-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DNA phylogenetic comparisons have shown that morphology-based species recognition often underestimates fungal diversity. Therefore, the need for accurate DNA sequence data, tied to both correct taxonomic names and clearly annotated specimen data, has never been greater. Furthermore, the growing number of molecular ecology and microbiome projects using high-throughput sequencing require fast and effective methods for en masse species assignments. In this article, we focus on selecting and re-annotating a set of marker reference sequences that represent each currently accepted order of Fungi. The particular focus is on sequences from the internal transcribed spacer region in the nuclear ribosomal cistron, derived from type specimens and/or ex-type cultures. Re-annotated and verified sequences were deposited in a curated public database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), namely the RefSeq Targeted Loci (RTL) database, and will be visible during routine sequence similarity searches with NR_prefixed accession numbers. A set of standards and protocols is proposed to improve the data quality of new sequences, and we suggest how type and other reference sequences can be used to improve identification of Fungi.
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| 2. |
- Antov, Dago, et al.
(författare)
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European road users' risk perception and mobility : the SARTRE 4 survey
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The SARTRE (Social Attitudes to Road Traffic Risk in Europe) project started in 1991. It consists of a European wide survey about knowledge of road traffic laws and road traffic risks, attitudes regarding road safety issues, reported road traffic behaviours, transport habits and needs in several European countries. Various topics related to road safety are in the focus of the project such as alcohol, drugs, or phone use while driving, speeding, use of advanced driver assistance systems and the transport infrastructure and environment.
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| 3. |
- Daldorff, Lars K. S., et al.
(författare)
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Two-way coupling of a global Hall magnetohydrodynamics model with a local implicit particle-in-cell model
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Computational Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9991 .- 1090-2716. ; 268, s. 236-254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Computational models based on a fluid description of the plasma, such as magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and extended magnetohydrodynamic (XMHD) codes are highly efficient, but they miss the kinetic effects due to the assumptions of small gyro radius, charge neutrality, and Maxwellian thermal velocity distribution. Kinetic codes can properly take into account the kinetic effects, but they are orders of magnitude more expensive than the fluid codes due to the increased degrees of freedom. If the fluid description is acceptable in a large fraction of the computational domain, it makes sense to confine the kinetic model to the regions where kinetic effects are important. This coupled approach can be much more efficient than a pure kinetic model. The speed up is approximately the volume ratio of the full domain relative to the kinetic regions assuming that the kinetic code uses a uniform grid. This idea has been advocated by [1] but their coupling was limited to one dimension and they employed drastically different grid resolutions in the fluid and kinetic models. We describe a fully two-dimensional two-way coupling of a Hall MHD model BATS-R-US with an implicit Particle-in-Cell (PIC) model iPIC3D. The coupling can be performed with identical grid resolutions and time steps. We call this coupled computational plasma model MHD-EPIC (MHD with Embedded PIC regions). Our verification tests show that MHD-EPIC works accurately and robustly. We show a two-dimensional magnetosphere simulation as an illustration of the potential future applications of MHD-EPIC.
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| 4. |
- Huttner, Hagen B, et al.
(författare)
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The age and genomic integrity of neurons after cortical stroke in humans
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature Neuroscience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1097-6256 .- 1546-1726. ; 17:6, s. 801-803
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been unclear whether ischemic stroke induces neurogenesis or neuronal DNA rearrangements in the human neocortex. Using immunohistochemistry; transcriptome, genome and ploidy analyses; and determination of nuclear bomb test-derived (14)C concentration in neuronal DNA, we found neither to be the case. A large proportion of cortical neurons displayed DNA fragmentation and DNA repair a short time after stroke, whereas neurons at chronic stages after stroke showed DNA integrity, demonstrating the relevance of an intact genome for survival.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Schwarcz, Attila, et al.
(författare)
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Minimálisan invazív, instrumentált gerincsebészeti technika alkalmazása degeneratív vagy traumás eredetű ágyéki betegségekben : [Application Of Minimally Invasive Instrumental Spine Surgery Technique In Lumbal Diseases]
- 2013
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Ingår i: Ideggyogyaszati Szemle. - : Literatura Medica Kiado. - 0019-1442 .- 2498-6208. ; 66:3-4, s. 121-126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Paradigm change has recently taken place in spine surgery with the application of minimally invasive techniques. Minimally invasive techniques have several advantages over the open traditional techniques: less blood loss, preservation of spine muscle integrity, shorter hospitalization, early mobilization, reduced pain levels, lower risk of infection. The presented cases cover following lumbar pathologies: segmental spinal instability, LV-SI grade II. spondylolisthesis, degenerative spondylolisthesis, spine trauma. Unilateral or bilateral mini-open technique was employed in the degenerative cases, depending on symptoms and signes. If unilateral symptoms pathology was identified, screws and rod were implanted percutaneously on the side contralateral to the pathology. The segmental fusion between vertebral bodies was always assured by a cage and autologous bone. The presented trauma case involved combined AO type A2 and B fractures. The anterior column was strengthened with vertebral body stents filled with bone cement, the posterior column was fixed with a percutaneously implanted screw rod system. Insertion of stents in the collapsed vertebra significantly increased the vertebral body height and also improved the stability of the spine. Minimally invasive spine surgery techniques appear more advantageous over the traditional open spine surgery that necessitates for large midline approaches.
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| 7. |
- Székely, Éva, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesizing expressive speech from amateur audiobook recordings
- 2012
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Ingår i: Spoken Language Technology Workshop (SLT). ; , s. 297-302
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Freely available audiobooks are a rich resource of expressive speech recordings that can be used for the purposes of speech synthesis. Natural sounding, expressive synthetic voices have previously been built from audiobooks that contained large amounts of highly expressive speech recorded from a profes- sionally trained speaker. The majority of freely available au- diobooks, however, are read by amateur speakers, are shorter and contain less expressive (less emphatic, less emotional, etc.) speech both in terms of quality and quantity. Synthesiz- ing expressive speech from a typical online audiobook there- fore poses many challenges. In this work we address these challenges by applying a method consisting of minimally su- pervised techniques to align the text with the recorded speech, select groups of expressive speech segments and build expres- sive voices for hidden Markov-model based synthesis using speaker adaptation. Subjective listening tests have shown that the expressive synthetic speech generated with this method is often able to produce utterances suited to an emotional mes- sage. We used a restricted amount of speech data in our exper- iment, in order to show that the method is generally applicable to most typical audiobooks widely available online.
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| 8. |
- Toth, Arnold, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging in the acute and sub-acute phase of mild traumatic brain injury : can we see the difference?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurotrauma. - : Mary Ann Liebert. - 0897-7151 .- 1557-9042. ; 30:1, s. 2-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods were shown to be able to detect the subtle structural consequences of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The objective of this study was to investigate the acute structural alterations and recovery after mTBI, using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to reveal axonal pathology, volumetric analysis, and susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) to detect microhemorrhage. Fourteen patients with mTBI who had computed tomography with negative results underwent MRI within 3 days and 1 month after injury. High resolution T1-weighted imaging, DTI, and SWI, were performed at both time points. A control group of 14 matched volunteers were also examined following the same imaging protocol and time interval. Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) were performed on DTI data to reveal group differences. T1-weighted images were fed into Freesurfer volumetric analysis. TBSS showed fractional anisotropy (FA) to be significantly (corrected p<0.05) lower, and mean diffusivity (MD) to be higher in the mTBI group in several white matter tracts (FA=40,737; MD=39,078 voxels) compared with controls at 72 hours after injury and still 1month later for FA. Longitudinal analysis revealed significant change (i.e., normalization) of FA and MD over 1 month dominantly in the left hemisphere (FA=3408; MD=7450 voxels). A significant (p<0.05) decrease in cortical volumes (mean 1%) and increase in ventricular volumes (mean 3.4%) appeared at 1 month after injury in the mTBI group. SWI did not reveal microhemorrhage in our patients. Our findings present dynamic micro- and macrostructural changes occurring in the acute to sub-acute phase in mTBI, in very mildly injured patients lacking microhemorrhage detectable by SWI. These results underscore the importance of strictly defined image acquisition time points when performing MRI studies on patients with mTBI.
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