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- Canova, C R, et al.
(författare)
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Increased prevalence of perennial allergic rhinitis in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
- 2004
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Ingår i: Respiration. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-0356 .- 0025-7931. ; 71:2, s. 138-143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Impaired nasal breathing is a risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether atopy to perennial allergens and existence of perennial allergic rhinitis was a risk factor for OSAS. Methods: In a case-control study, we compared the proportions of OSAS patients with atopy to perennial allergens and perennial allergic rhinitis to the proportions in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Seventy-two OSAS patients (mean age 60.7 years; 79.4% male) and 44 COPD patients (mean age 63.6 years; 88.6% male) were selected from a hospital outpatients' clinic in Switzerland. All patients completed a respiratory symptom questionnaire, performed spirometry and had a skin prick test for atopy. Results: OSAS patients were significantly heavier than COPD patients (BMI 32.4 +/- (SD) 6.6 vs. 29.2 +/- 6.6 kg/m(2), p = 0.04) and had a better lung function than COPD patients (FEV1% predicted 91.3 +/- 19.2 vs. 51.6 +/- 18.9%, p < 0.001). Patients with OSAS were more likely to be sensitized to perennial allergens such as house dust mite (23.6 vs. 4.5%, p = 0.009) and dog (18 vs. 4.5%, p = 0.04) than the COPD patients. Perennial allergic rhinitis ( having nose problems [ nasal obstruction and/or runny nose and/or sneezing] all year and being atopic to at least one perennial allergen) was reported in 11% of OSAS patients but in only 2.3% of COPD patients (p = 0.15). Conclusion: We conclude that subjects with OSAS may have an increased risk of being allergic to perennial allergens and suffer from perennial rhinitis. Awareness of this risk may have important consideration in the clinical situation.
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| 3. |
- Huang, Ping, et al.
(författare)
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Photo-induced oxidation of a dinuclear Mn-2(II,II) complex to the Mn-2(III,IV) state by inter- and intramolecular electron transfer to Ru-III tris-bipyridine
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry. - 0162-0134 .- 1873-3344. ; 91:1, s. 159-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To model the structural and functional parts of the water oxidizing complex in Photosystem 11, a dimeric manganese(II,11) complex (1) was linked to a ruthenium(II)tris-bipyridine (Ru-II(bpy)3) complex via a substituted L-tyrosine, to form the trinuclear complex 2 [J. Inorg. Biochem. 78 (2000) 15]. Flash photolysis of 1 and Ru-II(bpy), in aqueous solution, in the presence of an electron acceptor, resulted in the stepwise extraction of three electrons by Ru-III(bpy), from the Mn-2(II,II) dimer, which then attained the Mn-2(III,IV) oxidation state. In a similar experiment with compound 2, the dinuclear Mn complex reduced the photo-oxidized Ru moiety via intramolecular electron transfer on each photochemical event. From EPR it was seen that 2 also reached the Mn-2(III,IV) state. Our data indicate that oxidation from the Mn-2(II,II) state proceeds stepwise via intermediate formation of Mn-2(II,III) and Mn-2(III,III). In the presence of water, cyclic voltammetry showed an additional anodic peak beyond Mn-2(II,III/III,III) oxidation which was significantly lower than in neat acetonitrile. Assuming that this peak is due to oxidation to Mn-2(III,IV), this suggests that water is essential for the formation of the Mn-2(III,IV) oxidation state. Compound 2 is a structural mimic of the water oxidizing complex, in that it links a Mn complex via a tyrosine to a highly oxidizing photosensitizer. Complex 2 also mimics mechanistic aspects of Photosystem 11, in that the electron transfer to the photosensitizer is fast and results in several electron extractions from the Mn moiety.
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