| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Gou, De Hai, et al.
(författare)
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Inhibition of copper transporter 1 prevents α-synuclein pathology and alleviates nigrostriatal degeneration in AAV-based mouse model of Parkinson's disease
- 2021
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Ingår i: Redox Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2213-2317. ; 38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The formation of α-synuclein aggregates is a major pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease. Copper promotes α-synuclein aggregation and toxicity in vitro. The level of copper and copper transporter 1, which is the only known high-affinity copper importer in the brain, decreases in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease patients. However, the relationship between copper, copper transporter 1 and α-synuclein pathology remains elusive. Here, we aim to decipher the molecular mechanisms of copper and copper transporter 1 underlying Parkinson's disease pathology. We employed yeast and mammalian cell models expressing human α-synuclein, where exogenous copper accelerated intracellular α-synuclein inclusions and silencing copper transporter 1 reduced α-synuclein aggregates in vitro, suggesting that copper transporter 1 might inhibit α-synuclein pathology. To study our hypothesis in vivo, we generated a new transgenic mouse model with copper transporter 1 conditional knocked-out specifically in dopaminergic neuron. Meanwhile, we unilaterally injected adeno-associated viral human-α-synuclein into the substantia nigra of these mice. Importantly, we found that copper transporter 1 deficiency significantly reduced S129-phosphorylation of α-synuclein, prevented dopaminergic neuronal loss, and alleviated motor dysfunction caused by α-synuclein overexpression in vivo. Overall, our data indicated that inhibition of copper transporter 1 alleviated α-synuclein mediated pathologies and provided a novel therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies.
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| 4. |
- Chiang, Cho-Han, et al.
(författare)
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Performance of the European Society of Cardiology 0/1-Hour, 0/2-Hour, and 0/3-Hour Algorithms for Rapid Triage of Acute Myocardial Infarction : An International Collaborative Meta-analysis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Annals of Internal Medicine. - 0003-4819. ; 175:1, s. 101-113
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The 2020 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines recommend using the 0/1-hour and 0/2-hour algorithms over the 0/3-hour algorithm as the first and second choices of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn)-based strategies for triage of patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction (AMI).PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracies of the ESC 0/1-hour, 0/2-hour, and 0/3-hour algorithms.DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and Scopus from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2020. (PROSPERO: CRD42020216479).STUDY SELECTION: Prospective studies that evaluated the ESC 0/1-hour, 0/2-hour, or 0/3-hour algorithms in adult patients presenting with suspected AMI.DATA EXTRACTION: The primary outcome was index AMI. Twenty unique cohorts were identified. Primary data were obtained from investigators of 16 cohorts and aggregate data were extracted from 4 cohorts. Two independent authors assessed each study for methodological quality.DATA SYNTHESIS: A total of 32 studies (20 cohorts) with 30 066 patients were analyzed. The 0/1-hour algorithm had a pooled sensitivity of 99.1% (95% CI, 98.5% to 99.5%) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 99.8% (CI, 99.6% to 99.9%) for ruling out AMI. The 0/2-hour algorithm had a pooled sensitivity of 98.6% (CI, 97.2% to 99.3%) and NPV of 99.6% (CI, 99.4% to 99.8%). The 0/3-hour algorithm had a pooled sensitivity of 93.7% (CI, 87.4% to 97.0%) and NPV of 98.7% (CI, 97.7% to 99.3%). Sensitivity of the 0/3-hour algorithm was attenuated in studies that did not use clinical criteria (GRACE score <140 and pain-free) compared with studies that used clinical criteria (90.2% [CI, 82.9 to 94.6] vs. 98.4% [CI, 88.6 to 99.8]). All 3 algorithms had similar specificities and positive predictive values for ruling in AMI, but heterogeneity across studies was substantial. Diagnostic performance was similar across the hs-cTnT (Elecsys; Roche), hs-cTnI (Architect; Abbott), and hs-cTnI (Centaur/Atellica; Siemens) assays.LIMITATION: Diagnostic accuracy, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and cardiac troponin sampling time varied among studies.CONCLUSION: The ESC 0/1-hour and 0/2-hour algorithms have higher sensitivities and NPVs than the 0/3-hour algorithm for index AMI.PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: National Taiwan University Hospital.
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| 7. |
- Lind, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
- 2021
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Ingår i: eLife. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions.
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| 8. |
- Long, Chang, et al.
(författare)
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Regulating reconstruction of oxide-derived Cu for electrochemical CO2 reduction toward n-propanol
- 2023
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Ingår i: Science Advances. - 2375-2548. ; 9:43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oxide-derived copper (OD-Cu) is the most efficient and likely practical electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction toward multicarbon products. However, the inevitable but poorly understood reconstruction from the pristine state to the working state of OD-Cu under strong reduction conditions largely hinders the rational construction of catalysts toward multicarbon products, especially C-3 products like n-propanol. Here, we simulate the reconstruction of CuO and Cu2O into their derived Cu by molecular dynamics, revealing that CuO-derived Cu (CuOD-Cu) intrinsically has a richer population of undercoordinated Cu sites and higher surficial Cu atom density than the counterpart Cu2O-derived Cu (Cu2OD-Cu) because of the vigorous oxygen removal. In situ spectroscopes disclose that the coordination number of CuOD-Cu is considerably lower than that of Cu2OD-Cu, enabling the fast kinetics of CO2 reaction and strengthened binding of *C-2 intermediate(s). Benefiting from the rich undercoordinated Cu sites, CuOD-Cu achieves remarkable n-propanol faradaic efficiency up to similar to 17.9%, whereas the Cu2OD-Cu dominantly generates formate.
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| 9. |
- Mishra, A, et al.
(författare)
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Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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| 10. |
- Van Vliet, Michelle T. H., et al.
(författare)
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Global river water quality under climate change and hydroclimatic extremes
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Reviews Earth & Environment. - 2662-138X. ; 4, s. 687-702
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change and extreme weather events (such as droughts, heatwaves, rainstorms and floods) pose serious challenges for water management, in terms of both water resources availability and water quality. However, the responses and mechanisms of river water quality under more frequent and intense hydroclimatic extremes are not well understood. In this Review, we assess the impacts of hydroclimatic extremes and multidecadal climate change on a wide range of water quality constituents to identify the key responses and driving mechanisms. Comparison of 965 case studies indicates that river water quality generally deteriorates under droughts and heatwaves (68% of compiled cases), rainstorms and floods (51%) and under long-term climate change (56%). Also improvements or mixed responses are reported owing to counteracting mechanisms, for example, increased pollutant mobilization versus dilution during flood events. River water quality responses under multidecadal climate change are driven by hydrological alterations, rises in water and soil temperatures and interactions among hydroclimatic, land use and human drivers. These complex interactions synergistically influence the sources, transport and transformation of all water quality constituents. Future research must target tools, techniques and models that support the design of robust water quality management strategies, in a world that is facing more frequent and severe hydroclimatic extremes.
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