| 1. |
- Andreen, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Pain relief in dogs with hip dysplasia
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Veterinary Record. - : Wiley. - 0042-4900 .- 2042-7670. ; 162:24, s. 796-796
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Blomkvist, Josefin, et al.
(författare)
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Perspective on Roseroot (Rhodiola rosea) Studies
- 2009
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Ingår i: Planta Medica. - : Verlag KG Stuttgart -New York. - 0032-0943 .- 1439-0221. ; 75:11, s. 1187-1190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rhodiola rosea (roseroot) extract is a commercially successful product, primarily used to reduce the effect of fatigue on physical and mental performance. In this perspective we present our investigation of the most recent studies performed on human subjects. With a focus on the statistical methods we found considerable shortcomings in all but one of the studies that claim significant improvement from roseroot extract. Overall, the study designs have not been well explained. Experimental results have been confused and appear to be in some cases incorrect. Some of the conclusions are based on selected results and contradicting data have not been adequately taken into account. We point to other studies of higher quality performed on roseroot, several that found no significant effect and one that did. We conclude that the currently available evidence for the claimed effects is insufficient and that the effect of Rhodiola rosea is in need of further investigation before therapeutic claims can be made.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Hedman, Katarina
(författare)
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Pooling Data from Similar Randomized Clinical Trials Comparing Latanoprost with Timolol; Medical Results and Statistical Aspects
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Two different principles were studied. 1st - statistical analysis techniques were used to obtain medical results from a patient population. 2nd - the patient population was used to study the statistical analysis techniques. Medical conclusions: latanoprost and timolol treatment showed a statistically significant and clinically useful mean IOP-reduction in a typical worldwide clinical trial population. Latanoprost reduced the IOP 1.6 mm Hg more than timolol. The IOP-reduction was maintained with timolol and slightly enforced with latanoprost up to 6 months of treatment. The mean IOP-reduction was maintained during 2 years of latanoprost treatment. The overall risk of withdrawal due to insufficient IOP-reduction with latanoprost was 8%. The statistical methodological issues are of a general and reoccurring character in trial design of the IOP-reduction: should the statistical hypothesis testing be based on the mean intraocular pressure (IOP) or the proportion of patients who reach a specific IOP level, should the estimate of the IOP or IOP-reduction be based on single eyes, mean of bilaterally eligible and identically treated eyes or the difference between an eye with active treatment and a placebo treated contralateral eye, and is mean of replicated recordings useful? Statistical methodological conclusions: the most effective response variable varies with the selected patient population. Therefore, the trial design process should include a comparison of the variability, test power and required sample size for the possible response variables in a sample of the target population. At minimum a statistical consideration should be done.
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| 6. |
- Hedman, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Which endpoint : mean intraocular pressure or proportion of successful patients?
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of glaucoma. - 1057-0829 .- 1536-481X. ; 12:4, s. 321-332
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A reduction in intraocular pressure in clinical trials can be determined through the mean intraocular pressure, through the proportion of patients who have the intraocular pressure reduced to a specific target intraocular pressure, or both. Since both these possible endpoints measure the shift of 2 intraocular pressure distributions, we recommend that only one of them be tested. In general, testing the difference between mean-values is much more efficient than testing the difference between proportions. However, proportions of successful patients are valuable in showing the clinical implication of a reduction in mean intraocular pressure, particularly when evaluating a moderate pressure reduction. The effect of a small mean intraocular pressure reduction on the probability to reach the target intraocular pressure is pointed out, particularly the fact that it can be substantial even if the mean reduction is smaller than the measurement error.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Pavek, Karel, et al.
(författare)
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Master blood pressure variation in office, by self, and in sleep recordings
- 2007
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Ingår i: Blood Pressure. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-7051 .- 1651-1999. ; 16:5, s. 305-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Variation inherent to each session in any recording situation has to be mastered to obtain informative mean values and differences. Variation due to time trend and unsteady consecutive readings versus inter-arm variations in blood pressure (BP) in the operator-initiated, self-initiated, and sleep recordings were studied by oscillometry. They were small in operator-initiated recordings, increased in self-recordings, and were paramount in sleep. A passive supine patient and simultaneous recordings with cuffs placed in equal horizontal positions are essential conditions for the estimation of a real mean inter-arm difference. The relative variation of pulse pressure (PP), compared with other components, was largest within each situation. Most of the systolic BP (SBP)/diastolic BP (DBP) variation in sleep was due to unequal vertical cuff distances to the heart level. Only sleep PP was independent of the vertical position of cuffs. A plot of inter-arm differences can visualize systematic errors in sequences of sleep SBP/DBP. As is well known, every doubling of variation (SD) requires quadrupling the number of independent recordings in order to retain the same size of confidence interval (CI) for a mean value.
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| 9. |
- Pavek, Karel, et al.
(författare)
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Personality characteristics influencing determinacy of day and night blood pressure and heart rate
- 2009
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Ingår i: Blood Pressure. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-7051 .- 1651-1999. ; 18:1-2, s. 30-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The evidence of emotional impacts on day and night blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and non-dipping of BP remains fragmentary. Personality traits previously tested by self-reports as determinants of office, screening or mean daytime BP produced mixed results. Therefore, we hypothesized that some traits are acting together as modifiers of 24-h and day/night ambulatory BP and HR. A population sample of healthy 47-54 year-old men, n = 85, unaware of their BP status, was evaluated. In multiple regression, 25% of the 24-h systolic BP (SBP) variation was explained by independent augmenting predictors Trait Anger-Anger Expression Styles, Large and Lasting Emotions, and by an attenuating predictor Anxiety. Only Verbal Aggression increased night-time SBP much more than daytime SBP and diminished day-night dipping of SBP. Strong Large/Lasting Emotions and Indirect Aggression increased daytime SBP only. Day and night HR increased with a high Suspicious Hostility (7.4% of variation), in particular with items Distrust/Vulnerability (11.5% of variation). In conclusion, mean levels of HR and BP during a 24-h period are slightly modified by particular personality traits. Some traits appear to affect either daytime or night-time periods more. Day to night carry-over effects on SBP may occur.
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