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- Piao, ShuYing, 1965-
(författare)
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Complexity of quasicrystal approximants —The RECd6 and RE13(Zn/Cd)~58 systems
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is focused on the synthesis and structural determination of a series of quasicrystal approximants in the RE13Zn~58 (RE = Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu), Ce13Cd~58 and RECd6 (RE = Tb, Ho, Er, Tm and Lu) systems. Structural studies were performed by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods.The RECd6 phases are 1/1 cubic approximants to the stable icosahedral quasicrystals. The structure of quasicrystals cannot be solved by conventional crystallography due to the lack of periodicity in three-dimensional space. On the other hand, quasicrystal approximants exhibit long-range order, which makes their structural determination possible by standard methods. Since they are believed to display the same local arrangement as the quasicrystals, the structures of the quasicrystal approximants play a key role in understanding quasicrystals.The RE13Zn~58 and Ce13Cd~58 quasicrystal approximants show measurable compositional variations coupled to subtle structural differences. The crystal structures are generally rather more complex than previously reported, and exhibit a number of different ordering and disordering modes.
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| 2. |
- Lund, Kristina, 1976-
(författare)
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Structural and Morphological Studies of Mesoporous Crystals
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mesoporous silica and carbon have been synthesised and characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM) and nitrogen adsorption. Surface structure, size and shape (morphology) of particles have been of special interest in this work. These parameters are of importance in understanding the growth mechanism and structural characteristics of mesoporous materials overall, which has been the main aim of this thesis.The novel synthetic system involving preparation of AMS (anionic surfactant-templated silica) crystals, where the non-toxic N-acyl-amino acids are used as surfactant together with a co-structure directing agent, was investigated in two different surfactant systems. Particle size and shape of AMS solids were controlled through the addition of a polymeric dispersant, which slowed down the system dynamics. However, the response for the two synthetic systems investigated, proved to be different. Nanoparticles of cage-type cubic Fd-3m crystals were obtained in one system, whereas facetted particles formed in a near-to-equilibrium growth in the bicontinuous cubic Ia-3d case. The surface fine structure of mesoporous silica was observed by high resolution SEM, leading to an understanding of the pore accessibility at the particle surface of SBA-15 silica. Furthermore, discrepancies in the XRD patterns of mesoporous tube-type carbon CMK-5 with different pore diameters were observed. XRD patterns displaying accidental extinction of the 10 reflection were observed in CMK-5 samples prepared with the widest pore diameter. An analytical approach was formulated in order to simulate the variation of XRD intensity for carbon crystals with p6mm symmetry. TEM observations of inner and outer diameter of the carbon tubes were used to interpret the diminishing of certain reflections and we observed good agreement between experimental observations and our calculations.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Nina, 1976-
(författare)
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Mesostructured materials : Synthesis towards applications
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A new class of materials with well-defined structures on mesoscopic (2-50 nm) length scales has attracted considerable interest during the last decade. These mesostructured mataterials are formed from the self-assembly of amphiphillic molecules and inorganic precursors. The aim of this thesis has been to develop preparation methods that are scalable, and at the same time allow for efficient structural control coupled with possibility to incorporate different functionalities.Two different industrial processes for production of particles with spherical morphology were successfully tailored for synthesis of well-ordered mesostructured particles. An existing spray drying method for a fast and continuous production was further developed, and for the first time, an emulsion-based method was implemented. The latter method resulted in superior control of both particle size and internal mesostructure.Mesostructured photochromic pigments were synthesised by incorporating photochromic dyes in the organic domains of the surfactant templated inorganic/organic mesostructured silica particles. The pigments were produced using a one-pot synthesis method employing an aerosol reactor, allowing control over both the internal mesostructure and the dye content. We show that transparent photochromic films can be prepared using latex binders and conventional coating technology.Mesoporous magnetic carrier materials were prepared by adding iron oxide nanoparticles during either the emulsion- or aerosol processing. The surfactant templated silica matrix displayed well-ordered internal pore architecture with limited pore blocking caused by the incorporated iron oxide nanoparticles. The iron oxide content was precisely controlled, and the magnetic properties were preserved during the processing. Finally we demonstrate that these materials can be used to magnetically separate water-soluble dyes from solution.
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