| 1. |
- Degirmenci, Niyazi Cem, et al.
(författare)
-
A Unified Numerical Simulation of Vowel Production That Comprises Phonation and the Emitted Sound
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association, INTERSPEECH 2017. - : The International Speech Communication Association (ISCA). ; , s. 3492-3496
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A unified approach for the numerical simulation of vowels is presented, which accounts for the self-oscillations of the vocal folds including contact, the generation of acoustic waves and their propagation through the vocal tract, and the sound emission outwards the mouth. A monolithic incompressible fluid-structure interaction model is used to simulate the interaction between the glottal jet and the vocal folds, whereas the contact model is addressed by means of a level set application of the Eikonal equation. The coupling with acoustics is done through an acoustic analogy stemming from a simplification of the acoustic perturbation equations. This coupling is one-way in the sense that there is no feedback from the acoustics to the flow and mechanical fields. All the involved equations are solved together at each time step and in a single computational run, using the finite element method (FEM). As an application, the production of vowel [i] has been addressed. Despite the complexity of all physical phenomena to be simulated simultaneously, which requires resorting to massively parallel computing, the formant locations of vowel [i] have been well recovered.
|
|
| 2. |
- Friberg, Anders, Professor, et al.
(författare)
-
Prediction of three articulatory categories in vocal sound imitations using models for auditory receptive fields
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 0001-4966 .- 1520-8524. ; 144:3, s. 1467-1483
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vocal sound imitations provide a new challenge for understanding the coupling between articulatory mechanisms and the resulting audio. In this study, we have modeled the classification of three articulatory categories, phonation, supraglottal myoelastic vibrations, and turbulence from audio recordings. Two data sets were assembled, consisting of different vocal imitations by four professional imitators and four non-professional speakers in two different experiments. The audio data were manually annotated by two experienced phoneticians using a detailed articulatory description scheme. A separate set of audio features was developed specifically for each category using both time-domain and spectral methods. For all time-frequency transformations, and for some secondary processing, the recently developed Auditory Receptive Fields Toolbox was used. Three different machine learning methods were applied for predicting the final articulatory categories. The result with the best generalization was found using an ensemble of multilayer perceptrons. The cross-validated classification accuracy was 96.8 % for phonation, 90.8 % for supraglottal myoelastic vibrations, and 89.0 % for turbulence using all the 84 developed features. A final feature reduction to 22 features yielded similar results.
|
|
| 3. |
- Guasch, Oriol, et al.
(författare)
-
Some current challenges in unified numerical simulations of voice production : from biomechanics to the emitted sound
- 2017
-
Ingår i: ISSP 2017 Proceedings. - Tianjin, China : Institute of linguistics, CASS. ; , s. 87-89
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Voice production all the way from muscle activation to sound - are we there yet? Three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulations of the entire process of voice generation appear to be very challenging. Muscle activations position the articulators, which define a vocal tract geometry and posture the vocal folds. Air emanating from the lungs induces self-oscillations of the vocal folds, which result in aeroacoustic sources and the subsequent propagation of acoustic waves inside the vocal tract (VT). There, many things could happen. For instance, the air could resonate to generate vowels, or, at constrictions, airflow may be accelerated to create turbulent sounds such as fricatives. The vocal tract walls are flexible and react to the inner acoustic pressure. Also, articulators can change the vocal tract geometry to generate vowel-vowel utterances or syllables. Sound is finally radiated from the mouth.Attempting unified 3D numerical simulations of all the above processes, which involve coupling of a biomechanical model and the mechanical, fluid and acoustic fields, may seem unwise. Most research to date has addressed a few selected aspects of voice production. Unified approaches have been shunned for their daunting complexity and high-performance parallel computation requirements. This situation now seems to be changing. In this paper, we briefly review recent approaches towards 3D realistic voice simulation that unify, at least to some extent, some of the involved physical fields. Remaining challenges will be highlighted. We will focus on those works which end with the production of a given sound, thus leaving aside the huge amount of literature solely devoted to the complex simulation of phonation.
|
|
| 4. |
- Gustafsson, Joakim Körner, et al.
(författare)
-
Voice use in daily life studied with a portable voice accumulator in individuals with Parkinson’s disease and matched healthy controls
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research. - 1092-4388 .- 1558-9102. ; 62:12, s. 4324-4334
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this work was to study how voice use in daily life is impacted by Parkinson’s disease (PD), specifically if there is a difference in voice sound level and phonation ratio during everyday activities for individuals with PD and matched healthy controls. A further aim was to study how variations in environmental noise impact voice use. Method: Long-term registration of voice use during 1 week in daily life was performed for 21 participants with PD (11 male, 10 female) and 21 matched healthy controls using the portable voice accumulator VoxLog. Voice use was assessed through registrations of spontaneous speech in different ranges of environmental noise in daily life and in a controlled studio recording setting. Results: Individuals with PD use their voice 50%-60% less than their matched healthy controls in daily life. The difference increases in high levels of environmental noise. Individuals with PD used an average voice sound level in daily life that was 8.11 dB (female) and 6.7 dB (male) lower than their matched healthy controls. Difference in mean voice sound level for individuals with PD and controls during spontaneous speech during a controlled studio registration was 3.0 dB for the female group and 4.1 dB for the male group. Conclusions: The observed difference in voice use in daily life between individuals with PD and matched healthy controls is a 1st step to objectively quantify the impact of PD on communicative participation. The variations in voice use in different levels of environmental noise and when comparing controlled and variable environments support the idea that the study of voice use should include methods to assess function in less controlled situations outside the clinical setting.
|
|
| 5. |
- Gustafsson, J., et al.
(författare)
-
Motor-Learning-Based Adjustment of Ambulatory Feedback on Vocal Loudness for Patients With Parkinson's Disease
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Voice. - : Elsevier. - 0892-1997 .- 1873-4588. ; 30:4, s. 407-415
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate how the direct biofeedback on vocal loudness administered with a portable voice accumulator (VoxLog) should be configured, to facilitate an optimal learning outcome for individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD), on the basis of principles of motor learning. Study Design: Methodologic development in an experimental study. Methods: The portable voice accumulator VoxLog was worn by 20 participants with PD during habitual speech during semistructured conversations. Six different biofeedback configurations were used, in random order, to study which configuration resulted in a feedback frequency closest to 20% as recommended on the basis of previous studies. Results: Activation of feedback when the wearer speaks below a threshold level of 3dB below the speaker's mean voice sound level in habitual speech combined with an activation time of 500ms resulted in a mean feedback frequency of 21.2%. Conclusions: Settings regarding threshold and activation time based on the results from this study are recommended to achieve an optimal learning outcome when administering biofeedback on vocal loudness for individuals with PD using portable voice accumulators.
|
|
| 6. |
- Körner Gustafsson, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-term effects of Lee Silverman Voice Treatment on daily voice use in Parkinson’s disease as measured with a portable voice accumulator
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Logopedics, Phoniatrics, Vocology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1401-5439 .- 1651-2022. ; 44:3, s. 124-133
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines the effects of an intensive voice treatment focusing on increasing voice intensity, LSVT LOUD¯ Lee Silverman Voice Treatment, on voice use in daily life in a participant with Parkinson’s disease, using a portable voice accumulator, the VoxLog. A secondary aim was to compare voice use between the participant and a matched healthy control. Participants were an individual with Parkinson’s disease and his healthy monozygotic twin. Voice use was registered with the VoxLog during 9 weeks for the individual with Parkinson’s disease and 2 weeks for the control. This included baseline registrations for both participants, 4 weeks during LSVT LOUD for the individual with Parkinson’s disease and 1 week after treatment for both participants. For the participant with Parkinson’s disease, follow-up registrations at 3, 6, and 12 months post-treatment were made. The individual with Parkinson’s disease increased voice intensity during registrations in daily life with 4.1 dB post-treatment and 1.4 dB at 1-year follow-up compared to before treatment. When monitored during laboratory recordings an increase of 5.6 dB was seen post-treatment and 3.8 dB at 1-year follow-up. Changes in voice intensity were interpreted as a treatment effect as no significant correlations between changes in voice intensity and background noise were found for the individual with Parkinson’s disease. The increase in voice intensity in a laboratory setting was comparable to findings previously reported following LSVT LOUD. The increase registered using ambulatory monitoring in daily life was lower but still reflecting a clinically relevant change.
|
|
| 7. |
- Lã, Filipa M.B. 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Flow ball-assisted training : immediate effects on vocal fold contacting
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Pan-European Voice Conference 2019. - : University of Copenhagen. ; , s. 50-51
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The flow ball is a device that creates a static backpressure in the vocal tract while providing real-time visual feedback of airflow. A ball height of 0 to 10 cm corresponds to airflows of 0.2 to 0.4. L/s. These high airflows with low transglottal pressure correspond to low flow resistances, similar to the ones obtained when phonating into straws with 3.7 mm diameter and of 2.8 cm length. Objectives: To investigate whether there are immediate effects of flow ball-assisted training on vocal fold contact. Methods: Ten singers (five males and five females) performed a messa di voce at different pitches over one octave in three different conditions: before, during and after phonating with a flow ball. For all conditions, both audio and electrolaryngographic (ELG) signals were simultaneously recorded using a Laryngograph microprocessor. The vocal fold contact quotient Qci (the area under the normalized EGG cycle) and dEGGmaxN (the normalized maximum rate of change of vocal fold contact area) were obtained for all EGG cycles, using the FonaDyn system. We introduce also a compound metric Ic ,the ‘index of contact’ [Qci × log10(dEGGmaxN)], with the properties that it goes to zero at no contact. It combines information from both Qci and dEGGmaxN and thus it is comparable across subjects. The intra-subject means of all three metrics were computed and visualized by colour-coding over the fo-SPL plane, in cells of 1 semitone × 1 dB. Results: Overall, the use of flow ball-assisted phonation had a small yet significant effect on overall vocal fold contact across the whole messa di voce exercise. Larger effects were evident locally, i.e., in parts of the voice range. Comparing the pre-post flow-ball conditions, there were differences in Qci and/or dEGGmaxN. These differences were generally larger in male than in female voices. Ic typically decreased after flow ball use, for males but not for females. Conclusion: Flow ball-assisted training seems to modify vocal fold contacting gestures, especially in male singers.
|
|
| 8. |
- Murphy, Damian T., et al.
(författare)
-
Articulatory vocal tract synthesis in Supercollider
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Proc. of the 18th Int. Conference on Digital Audio Effects (DAFx-15). - : Norwegian University of Science and Technology. ; , s. 307-313
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The APEX system enables vocal tract articulation using a reduced set of user controllable parameters by means of Principal Component Analysis of X-ray tract data. From these articulatory profiles it is then possible to calculate cross-sectional area function data that can be used as input to a number of articulatory based speech synthesis algorithms. In this paper the Kelly-Lochbaum 1-D digital waveguide vocal tract is used, and both APEX control and synthesis engine have been implemented and tested in SuperCollider. Accurate formant synthesis and real-time control are demonstrated, although for multi-parameter speech-like articulation a more direct mapping from tract-to-synthesizer tube sections is needed. SuperCollider provides an excellent framework for the further exploration of this work.
|
|
| 9. |
- Pabon, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Future Perspectives
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Oxford Handbook of Singing. - : Oxford University Press. - 9780199660773
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter, through examining several emerging or continuing areas of research, serves to look ahead at possible ways in which humans, with the help of technology, may interact with each other vocally as well as musically. Some of the topic areas, such the use of the Voice Range Profile, hearing modeling spectrography, voice synthesis, distance masterclasses, and virtual acoustics, have obvious pedagogical uses in the training of singers. Others, such as the use of 3D printed vocal tracts and computer music composition involving the voice, may lead to unique new ways in which singing may be used in musical performance. Each section of the chapter is written by an expert in the field who explains the technology in question and how it is used, often drawing upon recent research led by the chapter authors.
|
|
| 10. |
- Pabon, Peter, 1956-
(författare)
-
Mapping Individual Voice Quality over the Voice Range : The Measurement Paradigm of the Voice Range Profile
- 2018
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The acoustic signal of voiced sounds has two primary attributes: fundamental frequency and sound level. It has also very many secondary attributes, or ‘voice qualities’, that can be derived from the acoustic signal, in particular from its periodicity and its spectrum. Acoustic voice analysis as a discipline is largely concerned with identifying and quantifying those qualities or parameters that are relevant for assessing the health or training status of a voice or that characterize the individual quality. The thesis presented here is that all such voice qualities covary essentially and individually with the fundamental frequency and the sound level, and that methods for assessing the voice must account for this covariation and individuality. The central interest in the "voice field" measurement paradigm becomes to map the proportional dependencies that exist between voice parameters. The five studies contribute to ways of doing this in practice, while the framework text presents the theoretical basis for the analysis model in relation to the practical principles.
|
|
