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| 2. |
- Hydén, Dag, et al.
(författare)
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Impairment of visuo-vestibular interaction in humans exposed to toluene
- 1983
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Ingår i: Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery. - 0301-1569. ; 45:5, s. 262-269
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 15 healthy volunteers were investigated in a vestibulo-oculomotor test battery during toluene exposure. The concentration was comparable to the threshold limit value. The results were compared to an identical air experiment. The intoxication caused an impaired visual suppression during a pseudo-random oscillatory swing test and also an increased saccade speed. Other vestibular-oculomotor parameters were normal. The findings are in accordance with our earlier study on styrene in humans, showing that the visual suppression test and the saccade test are sensitive parameters assessing neurotoxic influences by organic solvents.
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| 3. |
- Larsby, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Balanspåverkan av industriella lösningsmedel
- 1981
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Ingår i: Nordisk Otolaryngologisk Förenings XXI kongress, Åbo 16.8-19.8 1981. ; , s. 98-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Tham, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Electronystagmographic findings in rats exposed to styrene or toluene
- 1982
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Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 93, s. 107-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A previously described experimental model for studying the effect of industrial solvents in the vestibular system of rabbits has been applied to rats. To achieve a constant concentration, the solvent was infused intravenously, dissolved in a lipid emulsion. Arterial blood levels were estimated by gas chromatography. The vestibulo-oculomotor behaviour of rats during repeated rotatory acceleration was investigated by electronystagmography. The effect of two solvents-toluene and styrene-on the rotatory induced nystagmus was examined. Both solvents caused an exaggerated reaction at arterial blood levels above 75 ppm. The investigation indicated that the rat will be suitable species for further electronystagmographic investigation of the influence of organic solvents on the vestibular system, for example in screening studies of the toxicity of these solvents.
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| 6. |
- Tham, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Vestibulo-ocular disturbances in rats exposed to organic solvents
- 1984
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Ingår i: Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0001-6683. ; 54:1, s. 58-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of different kinds of industrial solvents on the vestibular function of rats has been studied by recording nystagmus, induced by accelerated rotation. The effect was related to the blood levels of the solvents. One group of solvents, including halogenated saturated hydrocarbons like dichloromethane, caused depression of the vestibulo-oculomotor reflex (VOR). Another group, including benzene compounds like xylene, toluene, styrene and cumene and halogenated unsaturated hydrocarbons like trichloroethylene caused an excitation of the VOR. The most striking chemical similarity between the different solvents in the last group is the occurence of double-bonds. If the animals were exposed simultaneously to solvents from both groups the excitatory effect prevailed and was even potentiated. It is suggested that solvents cause depression or excitation of the VOR by interaction with central pathways in the reticular formation and the cerebellum.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Ödkvist, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Vestibular and oculomotor disturbances caused by industrial solvents
- 1980
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Ingår i: Journal of Otolaryngology. - 0381-6605. ; 9:1, s. 53-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydrocarbon solvents, xylene, styrene, methylchloroform, and trichlorethylene, given intravenously to rabbits produce a positional nystagmus. Due to their additional influence on rotatory nystagmus, one may conclude that their mode of action takes place in the central nervous system. Optokinetic (OKN) responses in rabbits, cats, and humans were also influenced by styrene. OKN responses have not yet been tested for the other solvents. A comparison is made with the effects of alpha-chloralose and the GABA-antagonists bicuculline and picrotoxin which produced similar disturbances. The GABA agonist, baclofen, prevents positional induced styrene nystagmus. It seems likely therefore that the solvents may act by blocking the cerebellar inhibition of vestibulo-oculomotor reflexes. Solvents given simultaneously in some combinations are either
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| 10. |
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