| 1. |
- Rohdin, Patrik, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Barriers to and drivers for energy efficiency in the Swedish foundry industry
- 2007
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Ingår i: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4215 .- 1873-6777. ; 35:1, s. 672-677
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the need for increased industrial energy efficiency, studies indicate that cost-efficient energy conservation measures are not always implemented, explained by the existence of barriers to energy efficiency. This paper investigates the existence of different barriers to and driving forces for the implementation of energy efficiency measures in the energy intensive Swedish foundry industry. The overall results from a questionnaire show that limited access to capital constitutes by far the largest barrier to energy efficiency according to the respondents. A comparison between group-owned and privately owned foundries shows that, except for limited access to capital, they face different high-ranked barriers. While barriers within group owned companies are more related to organizational problems, barriers within private foundries are more related to information problems. This study also found that energy consultants or other actors working with energy issues in foundries are of major importance in overcoming the largest barriers, as the foundries consider them trustworthy. They may thus help the foundries overcome organizational problems such as lack of sub-metering and lack of budget funds by quantifying potential energy efficiency investments. The two, by far, most important drivers were found to be people with real ambition and long-term energy strategies.
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| 2. |
- Persson, Jörgen Lars, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Hinder och drivkrafter för energieffektivisering i svensk industri - två fallstudier
- 2005
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Ingår i: Arbetsnotat Program Energisystem.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Energy efficiency provides a tool for Swedish industry in order to strengthen market positions and increase profits. Energy efficiency measures may not be implemented, despite the fact that investments are cost effective. There are thus barriers and driving forces to energy efficiency. The aim of this work has been to identify barriers and driving forces to energy efficiency in the Swedish industry.Two case studies have been conducted within this work, using in-depth interviews. Case 1 studied energy efficiency within the non energy intensive manufacturing industry. Case 2 studied the use of data in the process industry.The main barriers in Case 1 were: lack of time or other priorities, costs and technical risks related to production disruptions, lack of reliable information regarding energy performance of bought equipment, unsatisfactory measuring (which constitute a barrier when quantifying an energy saving measure), energy related investments are not prioritised, split incentives with outsourcing and Facilities Management, short pay-back criteria and lack of long term strategy. The study also identified a number of driving forces to energy efficiency: a motivated person with power over investment decisions, long term strategy regarding energy efficient technology, knowledge about the site and where site specific energy efficiency measures could be found, environmental values and access to capital.In Case 2 the use of data in pulp mills was studied in an efficiency perspective. These mills collect large amounts of data and the question arises whether these data could be used more efficiently. The main barriers to a more effective use of data were: unreliable data were found to have a negative impact, as analyses and proposed measures also become unreliable. Lacks of time when analyses and proposed measures are handled are closely related to cuts in staff and that production oriented issues are stressed. This barrier implies that an important driving force to energy efficiency are motivated staffs who stress energy efficiency. Other barriers were risk of production disruptions, risk with uncertain future conditions and lack of motivation. Several of the interviewees claimed significant efficiency figures, however no unified conclusion could be drawn. There are both similarities and differences between the two cases. The common barriers were lack of time and costs for production disruptions. Furthermore, a motivated person has been distinguished as a key driving force both in both studies. Other barriers were: lack of long term strategy, technology lock in, low priority of the energy issue and unsatisfactory measuring. Conclusions whether lack of reliable information regarding energy performance of bought equipment is a problem could not be drawn from the two studies as different results were gained.
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| 3. |
- Rohdin, Patrik, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Barriers to and driving forces for energy efficiency in the non-energy-intensive manufacturing industry in Sweden
- 2006
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Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 31:12, s. 1836-1844
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The manufacturing industry is facing tougher competition which increases the demand to implement cost-effective energy efficiency measures. However, studies have indicated that obvious cost-efficient measures are not always undertaken. This is explained by the existence of barriers to energy efficiency. The aim of this study is to investigate the existence and importance of different barriers to the implementation of energy efficiency measures in the Swedish non energy intensive manufacturing industry. Results from this study highlight a number of factors that inhibit the degree of implementation, such as the cost and risk associated with production disruptions, lack of time and other priorities, lack of sub-metering in larger organizations, etc. The study also finds a number of drivers, such as the existence of people with real ambition and a long-term energy strategy at site level.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Thollander, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Energy policies for increased industrial energy efficiency : Evaluation of a local energy programme for manufacturing SMEs
- 2007
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Ingår i: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier. - 0301-4215 .- 1873-6777. ; 35:11, s. 5774-5783
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The most extensive action targeting the adoption of energy efficiency measures in small- and medium-sized manufacturing industries in Sweden over the past 15 years was project Highland. This paper presents an evaluation of the first part of this local industrial energy programme, which shows an adoption rate of more than 40% when both measures that have already been implemented and measures that are planned to be implemented are included. A comparison between this programme and another major ongoing programme for the Swedish energy-intensive industry indicates that the approach used in project Highland aimed at small- and medium-sized industries is an effective way to increase energy efficiency in the Swedish industry. The major barriers to energy efficiency among the firms were related to the low priority of the energy efficiency issue.
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| 6. |
- Palm, Jenny, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Applying an interdisciplinary perspective on industrial energy efficiency
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Scientific Conference on Energy and IT at Alvsjo fair. - Västerås/Eskilstuna : Mälardalen University. - 9789197749343 ; , s. 97-110
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to combine engineering- and social-science-approaches in order to enhance the understanding of energy efficiency in industry and enable a widened perspective of policy making in Europe. Can a new mutual (interdisciplinary) perspective addressing new questions contribute to increased energy efficiency in European industry? It is important to approach barriers or hindrances from another perspective, using non-traditional analytical tools that can contribute new understandings or questions of why a particular barrier is perceived as important in a company. To analyze a company's energy culture, that is to understand the context in which energy-efficiency goals and measures are discussed, is important to be able to take energy efficiency a step further in industry. In this paper we have shown that the very perception of a barrier may be a barrier itself to the implementation of cost-effective energy efficiency measures in industry. For example, if it is argued that all barriers fit into the category of non-market failure barriers, this may lead to the non-adoption of policies towards these types of barriers. The perception of barriers, as outlined by social science researchers, may thus not be neglected and should be further emphasized in the future work of aiming towards a more energy efficient economy.
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| 7. |
- Solding, Petter, et al.
(författare)
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Improved energy-efficient production using discrete event simulation
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Simulation. - Hants : Palgrave Macmillan. - 1747-7778. ; 3:4, s. 191-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is currently considerable debate concerning increasing energy prices. For Swedish industry electricity prices have increased rapidly during the last 6 years, roughly doubling the cost. This situation has been the catalyst for significant increases in energy research and the research work presented in this paper is part of this growing body. The paper reports an approach to analyse and reduce energy use within energy-intensive industry, whereby a Swedish iron foundry is used as a test case. The results show that by using a customized simulation model a company can lower its overall energy costs through improved planning of the production process. The method formulated enables the disaggregating of energy parameters into groupings and provides examples of how the simulation model can be realized in order to account for energy usage. Different aspects of energy and power usage as well as the corresponding costs are analysed.
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| 8. |
- Thollander, Patrik, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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An energy-efficient Swedish pulp and paper industry : exploring barriers to and driving forces for cost-effective energy efficiency investments
- 2008
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Ingår i: Energy Efficiency. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1570-646X .- 1570-6478. ; 1:1, s. 21-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the need for increased industrial energy efficiency, studies indicate that cost-effective energy efficiency measures are not always implemented, which is explained by the existence of barriers to energy efficiency. This paper investigates whether this holds for the Swedish pulp and paper industry, and if so, investigates the barriers inhibiting and the driving forces stressing cost-effective energy efficiency investments. By so, this case study covers about 2% of the EU-25 industrial end-use of energy. The overall results from a questionnaire show that there is an energy efficiency gap in the sector and that the largest barriers were technical risks such as risk of production disruptions, cost of production disruption/hassle/inconvenience, technology inappropriate at the mill, lack of time and other priorities, lack of access to capital, and slim organization. As regards the driving forces for energy efficiency, the highest ranked driving forces were cost reductions resulting from lower energy use, people with real ambition, long-term energy strategy, the threat of rising energy prices, the electricity certificate system, the PFE. The results show that many of the barriers and driving forces were not solely market-related, e.g., lack of time or other priorities, slim organization, other priorities for capital investments, lack of staff awareness, and long decision chains indicate that firm-specific barriers plays an important role. These barriers may not be overcome by market-related public policy instruments but is rather a consequence of how the energy issue is organized within the firms. The second and the third largest driving forces, people with real ambition and a long-term energy strategy further support this.
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| 9. |
- Thollander, Patrik
(författare)
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Designing energy policies for swedish non-energy-intensive and small-and medium-sized manufacturing industries
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Energy, Environment and Economics. - Hauppauge NY : Nova Science Publishers. - 1054-853X. ; 16:4, s. 371-379, s. 1-340
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the early 1990s, industrial energy end-use policy activity in Sweden has been scarce, in particular towards small- and medium-sized industrial enterprises (SMEs) and non-energy-intensive manufacturers. While the other Nordic states have taken considerable actions towards the industrial sector, Sweden has not. Rising electricity prices in Sweden and the Energy End-use Efficiency and Energy Services Directive (ESD), among other things, address the need for the Swedish authorities to design and adopt energy policies towards the non-energy-intensive and SME industrial sectors. This chapter aims to explore this by discussing plausible policy solutions, based on current research on barriers to energy efficiency and industrial energy programs. Initially, results from the three available Swedish studies on barriers to energy efficiency for these sectors are outlined. Then, a few examples of successful and less successful actions towards the industry and in particular SMEs are presented and finally, a discussion is held regarding plausible energy end-use polices, based on the presented research. In conclusion, a highly useful approach towards non-energy-intensive manufacturers and SMEs in particular is to provide energy audits free of charge and involve the local authority energy consultants.
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| 10. |
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