| 1. |
- Fagerholm, Anna-Sara, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Activism online : Exploring how crises are communicated visually in activism campaigns
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management. - : Wiley. - 0966-0879 .- 1468-5973. ; 31:4, s. 1034-1043
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the past years, activist movements have increasingly turned to social media to raise awareness and critically discuss current development and future scenarios. As a contribution to the discussion of new social movements and activism in the digital age, this study aims to explore and critically discuss how environmental risks and crisis are visually communicated in activism campaigns on Instagram, through a case study on Extinction Rebellion Sweden (XRsv). The study is delimited to the first 334 posts on XRsv's Instagram between November 14, 2018 and March 1, 2020. Methods used are interview and content analysis. In conclusion, XRsv has adopted aspects of design activism including visual tactics of Informing, Activating and Explaining. These three visual aspects are used by XRsv in an online context enabling interactivity and participatory actions, which in turn forms the core of design activism.
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| 2. |
- Hagstrand Aldman, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Biofilm formation is associated with poor outcome in prosthetic joint infections caused by Staphylococcus lugdunensis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2374-4235 .- 2374-4243. ; 55:5, s. 328-332
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Staphylococcus lugdunensis has been described as a pathogen of increasing importance in prosthetic joint infections (PJI). Our aim was to describe the clinical presentation of PJI caused by S. lugdunensis, and to correlate the biofilm-forming ability of the bacterial isolates to clinical outcome. Method: S. lugdunensis isolates from PJI episodes during 2015–2019 were included and analysed for biofilm formation using a microtiter plate assay. Medical records from the corresponding patients were reviewed. Results: We identified 36 patients with PJI caused by S. lugdunensis during the study period. Early postoperative PJIs were most frequent (n = 20, 56%). Surgical intervention was performed in a majority of the patients (n = 33, 92%), and the dominating type of antibiotic treatment was a combination of rifampicin and ciprofloxacin (n = 27, 75%). The treatment success-rate was 81% (n = 29). All isolates causing PJI were able to form biofilm in vitro. Biofilm formation was significantly stronger in isolates causing relapsing vs non-relapsing PJI (mean OD550 3.1 ± 0.23 vs 1.14 ± 0.73 p =.001) and strong biofilm formation was also associated with late acute hematogenic PJI (mean OD550 1.8 ± 0.93 vs. 0.93 ± 0.81, p =.01). Conclusion: Strong biofilm production in S. lugdunensis isolates was associated with relapse in PJI.
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| 3. |
- Kaptoge, S., et al.
(författare)
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Life expectancy associated with different ages at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in high-income countries: 23 million person-years of observation
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology. - : Elsevier. - 2213-8587 .- 2213-8595. ; 11:10, s. 731-742
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing rapidly, particularly among younger age groups. Estimates suggest that people with diabetes die, on average, 6 years earlier than people without diabetes. We aimed to provide reliable estimates of the associations between age at diagnosis of diabetes and all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and reductions in life expectancy. Methods: For this observational study, we conducted a combined analysis of individual-participant data from 19 high-income countries using two large-scale data sources: the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration (96 cohorts, median baseline years 1961–2007, median latest follow-up years 1980–2013) and the UK Biobank (median baseline year 2006, median latest follow-up year 2020). We calculated age-adjusted and sex-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality according to age at diagnosis of diabetes using data from 1 515 718 participants, in whom deaths were recorded during 23·1 million person-years of follow-up. We estimated cumulative survival by applying age-specific HRs to age-specific death rates from 2015 for the USA and the EU. Findings: For participants with diabetes, we observed a linear dose–response association between earlier age at diagnosis and higher risk of all-cause mortality compared with participants without diabetes. HRs were 2·69 (95% CI 2·43–2·97) when diagnosed at 30–39 years, 2·26 (2·08–2·45) at 40–49 years, 1·84 (1·72–1·97) at 50–59 years, 1·57 (1·47–1·67) at 60–69 years, and 1·39 (1·29–1·51) at 70 years and older. HRs per decade of earlier diagnosis were similar for men and women. Using death rates from the USA, a 50-year-old individual with diabetes died on average 14 years earlier when diagnosed aged 30 years, 10 years earlier when diagnosed aged 40 years, or 6 years earlier when diagnosed aged 50 years than an individual without diabetes. Using EU death rates, the corresponding estimates were 13, 9, or 5 years earlier. Interpretation: Every decade of earlier diagnosis of diabetes was associated with about 3–4 years of lower life expectancy, highlighting the need to develop and implement interventions that prevent or delay the onset of diabetes and to intensify the treatment of risk factors among young adults diagnosed with diabetes. Funding: British Heart Foundation, Medical Research Council, National Institute for Health and Care Research, and Health Data Research UK.
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| 4. |
- Myo Min, Kay K, et al.
(författare)
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Desmoglein-2 is important for islet function and β-cell survival
- 2022
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Ingår i: Cell Death & Disease. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-4889. ; 13:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Type 1 diabetes is a complex disease characterized by the lack of endogenous insulin secreted from the pancreatic β-cells. Although β-cell targeted autoimmune processes and β-cell dysfunction are known to occur in type 1 diabetes, a complete understanding of the cell-to-cell interactions that support pancreatic function is still lacking. To characterize the pancreatic endocrine compartment, we studied pancreata from healthy adult donors and investigated a single cell surface adhesion molecule, desmoglein-2 (DSG2). Genetically-modified mice lacking Dsg2 were examined for islet cell mass, insulin production, responses to glucose, susceptibility to a streptozotocin-induced mouse model of hyperglycaemia, and ability to cure diabetes in a syngeneic transplantation model. Herein, we have identified DSG2 as a previously unrecognized adhesion molecule that supports β-cells. Furthermore, we reveal that DSG2 is within the top 10 percent of all genes expressed by human pancreatic islets and is expressed by the insulin-producing β-cells but not the somatostatin-producing δ-cells. In a Dsg2 loss-of-function mice (Dsg2lo/lo), we observed a significant reduction in the number of pancreatic islets and islet size, and consequently, there was less total insulin content per islet cluster. Dsg2lo/lo mice also exhibited a reduction in blood vessel barrier integrity, an increased incidence of streptozotocin-induced diabetes, and islets isolated from Dsg2lo/lo mice were more susceptible to cytokine-induced β-cell apoptosis. Following transplantation into diabetic mice, islets isolated from Dsg2lo/lo mice were less effective than their wildtype counterparts at curing diabetes. In vitro assays using the Beta-TC-6 murine β-cell line suggest that DSG2 supports the actin cytoskeleton as well as the release of cytokines and chemokines. Taken together, our study suggests that DSG2 is an under-appreciated regulator of β-cell function in pancreatic islets and that a better understanding of this adhesion molecule may provide new opportunities to combat type 1 diabetes.
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| 5. |
- Thompson, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Increased short- and long-term mortality amongst patients with early periprosthetic knee joint infection
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2474. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a severe complication in terms of disability, morbidity, and cost. We performed a study to investigate whether early PJI (within 90 days of primary TKA) is associated with increased mortality. Secondary aims were to compare mortality rates over time and between surgical treatment methods. Methods: Patients with suspected PJI were identified by linkage of the Swedish Knee Arthroplasty Register (SKAR) and the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register (SPDR) in 2007–2008 and 2012–2013. Medical records of patients receiving more than 4 weeks of continuous antibiotic therapy were subsequently reviewed to verify the PJI diagnosis. Information on mortality was obtained through the SKAR which is updated daily from the tax agency and patients with PJI were compared to patients without PJI. Results: Four hundred sixty-six patients were diagnosed with PJI within 90 days and compared to 40,362 patients without PJI. Mortality rates were significantly higher for PJI patients in both short- and long term: 2.6% vs. 0.8% at 1 year, 4.9% vs. 1.9% at 2 years, 15.7% vs. 7.1% at 5 years, and 38% vs. 21.4% at 10 years. The difference in mortality rate remained after adjusting for sex, age, diagnosis, and time period for surgery with Hazard Ratio 1.8 (95% CI:1.6–2.1). Mortality rates did not differ between time periods, and we found no correlation to surgical treatment. Conclusion: Patients with early PJI after primary TKA have an increased mortality rate compared to TKA patients without PJI. Improvements in surgical treatment strategy has not resulted in better survival. Long term difference in mortality rates indicates that PJI is not the sole reason for mortality suggesting a general frailty in PJI patients.
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| 6. |
- Thompson, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Joint Infection Rates After and before A National Infection Control Program : A Study of 45,438 Primary Total Knee Arthroplasties
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682. ; 93, s. 3-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose — Strenuous efforts to minimize postoperative infection rates have been made, including the Swedish nationwide initiative Prosthesis Related Infections Shall be Stopped (PRISS). This study calculated the incidence rate of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) before and after PRISS. Patients and methods — All 45,438 primary TKAs registered in the Swedish Knee Arthroplasty Register (SKAR) during 2007–2008 and 2012–2013 were included. Matched data on antibiotic prescriptions were obtained from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register (SPDR). All patients with ≥ 28 days of continuous antibiotic treatment within 2 years of primary surgery had their medical charts reviewed to identify cases of PJI. The incidence rate was calculated by dividing the number of PJIs by the total time at risk during each time period and presented as percentages with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results — 644 PJIs were identified, equaling a 2-year incidence rate of 1.45% (CI 1.34–1.57). The incidence rate was 1.44% (CI 1.27–1.61) before PRISS and 1.46% (CI 1.31–1.61) after. Diagnosis was made within 30 days of primary TKA in 52%, and within 90 days in 73% of cases. 603 cases were reoperated on or revised. Median time from operation to diagnosis was 29 days (1–716), for both time periods. Debridement with exchange of the insert was performed in 32% and 63% of cases before and after PRISS, respectively. Interpretation — We found similar incidence rates before and after the PRISS initiative without any statistically significant difference. Time to diagnosis was similar during both time periods. The project may have contributed to increased compliance with treatment protocols.
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| 7. |
- Thompson, Olof
(författare)
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Periprosthetic Joint Infections. Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects.
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Periprostheteic joint infection (PJI) is a rare complication of arthroplasty with severe consequences for the affected patients. PJI most often necessitates additional surgery and prolonged courses of antibiotic treatment, leading to worse functional results and increased societal costs. Evaluating treatment of PJI as well as preventive efforts are essential to increase our understanding of PJI and to enable improved approaches in the future.In this thesis four studies covering different aspects of PJI are included. PJIs caused by streptococci and enterococci were investigated in papers I and II, respectively. Patients in Skåne with growth of either streptococci or enterococci in sterile cultures from prosthetic joints were included and data from the medical records were reviewed retrospectively. The aim was to describe the affected populations, surgical and antimicrobial treatments and treatment outcome. Paper I showed that streptococcal PJIs were often acute hematogenous infections treated with surgical debridement. Successful outcome was achieved in 89% of cases. Paper II showed that enterococcal PJI were often early postoperative infections in elderly fragile patients, where enterococci were found as a part of a polymicrobial flora. Overall cure was reached in 67% of cases. However, when complete cure, defined as preservation of a functional joint and eradication of infection, was the treament intention, this was achieved in 80% of cases. In paper III the effect of a national infection control programme on the incidence of PJI after primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was evaluated. Through matching of 45,438 primary TKAs from the Swedish Knee Arthroplasty Register to the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register, 2505 TKAs were identified as having received ≥28 days of continuous antibiotic treatment within 2 years of TKA. Subsequent review of medical records identified 644 PJIs, giving a cumulative 2 year incidence of 1.45%. PJI incidence rates were similar during both time-periods. In paper IV mortality of patients with PJI after primary TKA was compared to patients without PJI using data aquired in paper III and mortality data from the tax agency. Results showed a significantly increased mortality for PJI patients in both short- and long-term. This thesis shows that patients with streptococcal PJI have a relatively good prognosis. Patients with enterococcal PJI, on the other hand, are challanging to cure. However, the results do suggest acceptable success rates for a subset of enterococcal PJI-patients where complete cure is a viable option. Further, this thesis shows that incidence rates of PJI were similar before and after a national project to reduce infection rates. The lack of effect of the prevention programme, however, remains to be explained. Patients undergoing primary TKA with PJI have a higher mortality rate than non-infected patients. This effect remains long-term, indicating that mortality is not related to PJI alone, perhaps reflecting a general frailty in the PJI population.
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| 8. |
- Vogel, Jacob W., et al.
(författare)
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Four distinct trajectories of tau deposition identified in Alzheimer’s disease
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 27:5, s. 871-881
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the spread of tau pathology throughout the cerebral cortex. This spreading pattern was thought to be fairly consistent across individuals, although recent work has demonstrated substantial variability in the population with AD. Using tau-positron emission tomography scans from 1,612 individuals, we identified 4 distinct spatiotemporal trajectories of tau pathology, ranging in prevalence from 18 to 33%. We replicated previously described limbic-predominant and medial temporal lobe-sparing patterns, while also discovering posterior and lateral temporal patterns resembling atypical clinical variants of AD. These ‘subtypes’ were stable during longitudinal follow-up and were replicated in a separate sample using a different radiotracer. The subtypes presented with distinct demographic and cognitive profiles and differing longitudinal outcomes. Additionally, network diffusion models implied that pathology originates and spreads through distinct corticolimbic networks in the different subtypes. Together, our results suggest that variation in tau pathology is common and systematic, perhaps warranting a re-examination of the notion of ‘typical AD’ and a revisiting of tau pathological staging. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.
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| 9. |
- Voisin, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
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Exercise is associated with younger methylome and transcriptome profiles in human skeletal muscle
- 2024
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Ingår i: Aging Cell. - 1474-9726. ; , s. 1-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exercise training prevents age-related decline in muscle function. Targeting epigenetic aging is a promising actionable mechanism and late-life exercise mitigates epigenetic aging in rodent muscle. Whether exercise training can decelerate, or reverse epigenetic aging in humans is unknown. Here, we performed a powerful meta-analysis of the methylome and transcriptome of an unprecedented number of human skeletal muscle samples (n = 3176). We show that: (1) individuals with higher baseline aerobic fitness have younger epigenetic and transcriptomic profiles, (2) exercise training leads to significant shifts of epigenetic and transcriptomic patterns toward a younger profile, and (3) muscle disuse "ages" the transcriptome. Higher fitness levels were associated with attenuated differential methylation and transcription during aging. Furthermore, both epigenetic and transcriptomic profiles shifted toward a younger state after exercise training interventions, while the transcriptome shifted toward an older state after forced muscle disuse. We demonstrate that exercise training targets many of the age-related transcripts and DNA methylation loci to maintain younger methylome and transcriptome profiles, specifically in genes related to muscle structure, metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Our comprehensive analysis will inform future studies aiming to identify the best combination of therapeutics and exercise regimes to optimize longevity.
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