| 1. |
- Almborg, Ann-Helene, et al.
(författare)
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Discharged after stroke - important factors for health-related quality of life
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 19:15-16, s. 2196-2206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims. This study examines different correlates to health-related quality (HRQoL) of life after discharge in patients with stroke. Background. HRQoL is an important aspect of life after suffering a stroke. Previous research has revealed several variables associated with poststroke quality of life, including age, gender, depression, fatigue, length of hospital stay, functional status and amount of social participation. However, the time span after stroke varies greatly in the different studies. Although the multiple factors that contribute to short-term postdischarge HRQoL have potential importance for discharge planning, to our knowledge, these factors have not been systematically investigated during the earlier days following discharge. Design. Cross-sectional study. Methods. The sample consisted of 188 consecutively included individuals (mean age 74 years, 56% men) from a stroke unit in southern Sweden. The interviews were performed two to three weeks after discharge and included use of the SF-36, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, the Barthel Index, the Frenchay Activities Index, performance of interests and survey of patients' perceived participation in discharge planning. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify variables associated with HRQoL. Results. Multiple regression analyses with the eight scales of SF-36 as dependent variables revealed eight models, one for each scale, which were statistically significant. Depressive symptoms were associated with lower HRQoL. Ability to perform personal and social activities, interests, younger age, education (elementary school) and shorter hospital stay were related to higher HRQoL. Patients' perceived participation in discharge planning was both positively and negatively associated with HRQoL. Conclusions. Several variables were related to good HRQoL two to three weeks post-discharge, particularly fewer depressive symptoms, participation in social activities such as outdoor activities and performance of interests. Relevance to clinical practice. These results can be used to design needs assessment forms of discharge planning to promote adaptation and recovery after stroke.
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| 2. |
- Almborg, Ann-Helene, et al.
(författare)
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Discharged after stroke - important factors for health-related quality of life.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 19:15-16, s. 2196-2206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: This study examines different correlates to health-related quality (HRQoL) of life after discharge in patients with stroke.BACKGROUND: HRQoL is an important aspect of life after suffering a stroke. Previous research has revealed several variables associated with poststroke quality of life, including age, gender, depression, fatigue, length of hospital stay, functional status and amount of social participation. However, the time span after stroke varies greatly in the different studies. Although the multiple factors that contribute to short-term postdischarge HRQoL have potential importance for discharge planning, to our knowledge, these factors have not been systematically investigated during the earlier days following discharge.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.METHODS: The sample consisted of 188 consecutively included individuals (mean age 74 years, 56% men) from a stroke unit in southern Sweden. The interviews were performed two to three weeks after discharge and included use of the SF-36, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, the Barthel Index, the Frenchay Activities Index, performance of interests and survey of patients' perceived participation in discharge planning. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify variables associated with HRQoL.RESULTS: Multiple regression analyses with the eight scales of SF-36 as dependent variables revealed eight models, one for each scale, which were statistically significant. Depressive symptoms were associated with lower HRQoL. Ability to perform personal and social activities, interests, younger age, education (elementary school) and shorter hospital stay were related to higher HRQoL. Patients' perceived participation in discharge planning was both positively and negatively associated with HRQoL.CONCLUSIONS: Several variables were related to good HRQoL two to three weeks post-discharge, particularly fewer depressive symptoms, participation in social activities such as outdoor activities and performance of interests.RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: These results can be used to design needs assessment forms of discharge planning to promote adaptation and recovery after stroke.
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| 3. |
- Aminoff, A, et al.
(författare)
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Allele-specific regulation of MTTP expression influences the risk of ischemic heart disease.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of lipid research. - 0022-2275 .- 1539-7262. ; 51:1, s. 103-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Promoter polymorphisms in microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) have been associated with decreased plasma lipids but an increased risk for ischemic heart disease (IHD), indicating that MTTP influences the susceptibility for IHD independent of plasma lipids. The objective of this study was to characterize the functional promoter polymorphism in MTTP predisposing to IHD and its underlying mechanism. Use of pyrosequencing technology revealed that presence of the minor alleles of the promoter polymorphisms -493G>T and -164T>C result in lower transcription of MTTP in vivo in the heart, liver, and macrophages. In vitro experiments indicated that the minor -164C allele mediates the lower gene expression and that C/EBP binds to the polymorphic region in an allele-specific manner. Furthermore, homozygous carriers of the -164C were found to have increased risk for IHD as shown in a case-control study including a total of 544 IHD patients and 544 healthy control subjects. We concluded that carriers of the minor -164C allele have lower expression of MTTP in the heart, mediated at least partly by the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein, and that reduced concentration of MTTP in the myocardium may contribute to IHD upon ischemic damage.
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| 4. |
- Enochsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish Registry of Gallstone Surgery and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (GallRiks) : A nationwide registry for quality assurance of gallstone surgery.
- 2013
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Ingår i: JAMA Surgery. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6254 .- 2168-6262. ; 148:5, s. 471-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To describe the process of initiating and organizing a nationwide validated web-based quality registry of gallstone surgery and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and to present some clinical data and the impact the registry has had on the clinical treatment of gallstones.DESIGN: Observational, population-based registry study.SETTING: Data from the nationwide Swedish Registry of Gallstone Surgery and ERCP (GallRiks).PATIENTS: From May 1, 2005, to December 31, 2011, 63 685 cholecystectomies (laparoscopic and open) and 37 860 ERCPs have been prospectively registered in GallRiks.INTERVENTIONS: Cholecystectomies, laparoscopic or conventional, as well as ERCP in a population-based setting.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Registrations of all cholecystectomies and ERCPs are performed online by the surgeon or endoscopist. Thirty-day follow-up of both gallstone surgery and ERCP is mandatory, as is an additional 6-month follow-up of the cholecystectomies. Scores on the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey are registered preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively in elective cholecystectomies at selected units.RESULTS: The 30-day overall complication rate is 6.1% in elective cholecystectomy, 11.2% in urgent cholecystectomy, and 12.0% following ERCP. The use of antibiotic and thromboembolic prophylaxis in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Sweden has decreased by 8.7% and 17.8% (2006-2011), respectively, mainly owing to presentation of GallRiks data both at meetings and published in peer-reviewed publications. The large database has also enabled several research projects, including one demonstrating that the intention to perform intraoperative cholangiography reduced the risk of death after cholecystectomy. The database has reached greater than 90% national coverage and is continuously validated.CONCLUSIONS: GallRiks is a validated national quality registry for gallstone surgery and ERCP, serving as a base for audit of gallstone disease treatment. It also provides a database for clinical research.
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| 5. |
- Grönstedt, Tomas, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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First and Second Law Analysis of Future Aircraft Engines
- 2013
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Ingår i: ASME Turbo Expo, 2013. - 9780791855133 ; 2:GT2013-95516
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An optimal baseline turbofan cycle designed for a performance level expected to be available around year 2050 is established. Detailed performance data are given in take-off, top of climb and cruise to support the analysis. Losses are analyzed based on a combined use of the first and second law of thermodynamics, to establish a basis for discussion on future radical engine concepts and to quantify loss levels of very high performance engines. In the light of the performance of the future baseline engine, three radical cycles designed to reduce the observed major loss sources are introduced. The combined use of a first and second law analysis of an open rotor engine, an intercooled recuperated engine and an engine working with a pulse detonation combustion core is presented. In the past, virtually no attention has been paid to the systematic quantification of the irreversibility rates of such radical concepts. Previous research on this topichas concentrated on the analysis of the turbojet and the turbofan engine. In the framework developed, the irreversibility rates are quantified through the calculation of the exergy destruction per unit time. A striking strength of the analysis is that it establishes a common currency for comparing losses originating from very different physical sources of irreversibility. This substantially reduces the complexity of analyzing and comparing losses in aero engines. In particular, the analysis sheds new light on how the intercooled recuperated engine establishes its performance benefits.
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| 6. |
- Grönstedt, Tomas, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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First and Second Law Analysis of Future Aircraft Engines
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power. - : ASME International. - 1528-8919 .- 0742-4795. ; 136:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An optimal baseline turbofan cycle designed for a performance level expected to be available around year 2050 is established. Detailed performance data are given in take-off, top of climb, and cruise to support the analysis. The losses are analyzed, based on a combined use of the first and second law of thermodynamics, in order to establish a basis for a discussion on future radical engine concepts and to quantify loss levels of very high performance engines. In light of the performance of the future baseline engine, three radical cycles designed to reduce the observed major loss sources are introduced. The combined use of a first and second law analysis of an open rotor engine, an intercooled recuperated engine, and an engine working with a pulse detonation combustion core is presented. In the past, virtually no attention has been paid to the systematic quantification of the irreversibility rates of such radical concepts. Previous research on this topic has concentrated on the analysis of the turbojet and the turbofan engine. In the developed framework, the irreversibility rates are quantified through the calculation of the exergy destruction per unit time. A striking strength of the analysis is that it establishes a common currency for comparing losses originating from very different physical sources of irreversibility. This substantially reduces the complexity of analyzing and comparing losses in aero engines. In particular, the analysis sheds new light on how the intercooled recuperated engine establishes its performance benefits.
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| 7. |
- Höglund, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic variation and structure in Scandinavian red deer (Cervus elaphus) : influence of ancestry, past hunting, and restoration management
- 2013
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Ingår i: Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0024-4066 .- 1095-8312. ; 109:1, s. 43-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the 19th century, the red deer (Cervus elaphus) population in Sweden experienced a rapid decline in numbers and distribution. A small population was, however, remnant in the southernmost province (Skane) of the country, presumably corresponding to the nominate form of red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphusLinnaeus, 1758). After management, reintroductions, and supplementary release during the 20th century the Swedish C.elaphus population recovered. The recovery was partially uncontrolled, and included introductions of C.elaphus of continental origin. In northern central Sweden (Jamtland) the current C.elaphus population may stem from natural colonization from Norway and/or from specimens of Swedish origin that have escaped from enclosures. To evaluate the status of the current, partially separated populations, we investigated variation at microsatellite markers in 157 C.elaphus specimens from ten locations in Sweden and Norway. Analyses suggest that the highest-likelihood phylogenetic structure among the individuals sampled is described four distinct genetic clusters: (1) animals from the province of Vastergotland in south-western Sweden; (2) deer from the southernmost province of Skane; (3) deer from the provinces Jamtland, Blekinge, and Vastmanland; and (4) Norwegian deer. Cervus elaphus from a captive herd at the Skane Zoo cluster with deer from Skane or deer from Vastergotland, depending on the method of analysis. A number of populations in Sweden may genetically match the nominate form of red deer (C.e.elaphus). The recently established C.elaphus population in Jamtland seems to stem mainly from escapees from enclosures, with a mixed ancestry from the wild remnant population in Skane and continental deer, whereas the influx from Norway is minor, if any. Our results show the need for a detailed assessment of genetic differentiation, and emphasize the value of local management plans when planning and managing introductions.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Larsson, Anders
(författare)
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Systematics of Woodsia : Ferns, bioinformatics and more
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ferns are one of the three main clades of vascular plants. They have few easily studied morphological characters, reflected in a historically unstable classification. The fern genus Woodsia is known to have a complex evolutionary history including numerous polyploid taxa and hybrids. It is a cosmopolitan group of small rock loving ferns mainly found in montane areas.This thesis aims at analyzing the patterns of diploid and polyploid evolution in Woodsia and to resolve and classify the relationships of Woodsiaceae and the other families in the large fern clade Eupolypods II.The Eupolypods II family relationships were inferred with DNA sequences from 81 specimens representing all major lineages. This resulted in the first well supported phylogeny of this clade and revealed Woodsiaceae to be non-monophyletic. The genera previously placed in this family were reclassified into five new or resurrected families. Swedish fern genera that have changed family classification are Woodsia (hällebräknar), now in the monogeneric family Woodsiaceae, Athyrium (majbräknar), now in Athyriaceeae and Cystopteris (stenbräknar) and Gymnocarpium (ekbräknar) now in Cystopteridaceae.To analyze the evolution of Woodsia, phylogenies were produced from five plastid and two nuclear regions sequenced from 188 specimens. The results show that most taxa in Woodsia are polyploid. Polyploidization is the most common mode of speciation in the genus with an estimated polyploid speciation rate of 54%. The polyploids are mostly young and many of the polyploid taxa seem to have formed multiple times. The results also address several taxonomic and biogeographic questions.In the process of the work we made methodological advancements and developed 20 new low copy nuclear marker regions as well as a software pipeline for finding primers in transcriptome datasets. The alignment editor software AliView was developed for handling the increasing size datasets in a user friendly way.In conclusion this thesis provides new insights into the complexities of the evolution of a fern genus in which much of the diversity is accommodated in young species formed through polyploidization. It provides a framework of phylogenetic relationships at different levels that both answers long standing questions and generates new ones.
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| 10. |
- Löfstrand, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Feasibility of Electrifying Urban Goods Distribution Trucks
- 2013
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Ingår i: SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles. - : SAE International. - 1946-391X .- 1946-3928. ; 6:1, s. 24-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses the feasibility of electrifying medium to heavy urban goods distribution trucks. As a case study, an existing transport system in the Swedish city of Gothenburg is used. The project is a joint research effort between a vehicle OEM, an electric utility, a fleet operator, the Swedish Transport Administration and two research organizations. One main objective is to determine if and when different electrified powertrains are cost efficient to the end user. The results indicate that by 2015 conventional powertrains are still probably the most cost effective alternative in all applications studied. But in 2025, electrified powertrains are most cost efficient for most transport scenarios. These results indicate a transition in preferred powertrain technology for urban trucks within the coming ten years. It is important to point out that this result may not be general. Driving patterns, energy price developments and technology maturity of components such as batteries and motors greatly influence the total cost of ownership and large regional differences in when such a transition may occur are expected. In addition to the total cost of ownership, important issues for a successful deployment are policies (e.g. restricting access to urban areas for noisy and polluting vehicles), information and communication solutions (e.g. adapted route planning), access to a cost effective charging infrastructure (and low-carbon electricity production) and new business models. These must all be developed in parallel to the vehicle and powertrain technology. The large number of different stakeholders involved in this transition is also a challenge in itself.
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