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- Söderquist, Pär, et al.
(författare)
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Admixture between released and wild game birds: a changing genetic landscape in European mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Biophysics Journal. - : Springer Verlag (Germany). - 0175-7571 .- 1432-1017. ; 63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Disruption of naturally evolved spatial patterns of genetic variation and local adaptations is a growing concern in wildlife management and conservation. During the last decade, releases of native taxa with potentially non-native genotypes have received increased attention. This has mostly concerned conservation programs, but releases are also widely carried out to boost harvest opportunities. The mallard, Anas platyrhynchos, is one of few terrestrial migratory vertebrates subjected to large-scale releases for hunting purposes. It is the most numerous and widespread duck in the world, yet each year more than three million farmed mallard ducklings are released into the wild in the European Union alone to increase the harvestable population. This study aimed to determine the genetic effects of such large-scale releases of a native species, specifically if wild and released farmed mallards differ genetically among subpopulations in Europe, if there are signs of admixture between the two groups, if the genetic structure of the wild mallard population has changed since large-scale releases began in the 1970s, and if the current data matches global patterns across the Northern hemisphere. We used Bayesian clustering (Structure software) and Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) to analyze the genetic structure of historical and present-day wild (n = 171 and n = 209, respectively) as well as farmed (n = 211) mallards from six European countries as inferred by 360 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Both methods showed a clear genetic differentiation between wild and farmed mallards. Admixed individuals were found in the present-day wild population, implicating introgression of farmed genotypes into wild mallards despite low survival among released farmed mallards. Such cryptic introgression would alter the genetic composition of wild populations and may have unknown long-term consequences for conservation.
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- Bozovic, Gracijela, et al.
(författare)
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Exocrine pancreatic function is preserved in systemic sclerosis
- 2019
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Ingår i: Arthritis Research & Therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1478-6354 .- 1478-6362. ; 21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) has been suggested to cause exocrine pancreatic dysfunction. However, a case-control-based autopsy study failed to associate systemic sclerosis with any pancreatic histopathology. The primary objective of this study was to examine the exocrine pancreatic function in consecutive SSc patients in relation to an age- and sex-matched control group. A secondary objective was to relate exocrine pancreatic function to radiological, laboratory, and clinical SSc characteristics. Methods: One hundred twelve consecutive patients fulfilling the 2013 American Congress of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism criteria for SSc and 52 control subjects were matched for sex and age. Exocrine pancreatic function was assessed by ELISA-based measurement of fecal elastase, and levels <= 200g/g were considered pathological, i.e., representing exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Patients were characterized regarding SSc manifestations including gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary function, by use of laboratory and clinical examinations. Pancreas parenchyma characteristics were evaluated by high-resolution computer tomography (HRCT). Results: A similar proportion of subjects exhibited pathological levels of fecal elastase among SSc patients (6/112; 5.4%) and control subjects (3/52; 5.8%). Patients with fecal elastase <= 200g/g did not differ from other SSc patients with respect to laboratory and clinical characteristics, including malnutrition. SSc subjects with low levels of fecal elastase displayed significantly lower pancreas attenuation on HRCT examinations compared to the control subjects. Conclusions: In this study encompassing 112 consecutive SSc patients and 52 matched control subjects, we were unable to associate systemic sclerosis with clinically significant exocrine pancreatic dysfunction.
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- Elmberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Farmed European mallards are genetically different and cause introgression in the wild population following releases
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The practice of restocking already viable populations to increase harvest potential has since long been common in forestry, fisheries and wildlife management. The potential risks of restocking native species have long been overshadowed by the related issue of invasive alien species. However, during the last decade releases of native species with potentially non-native genome have received more attention. A suitable model to study genetic effects of large-scale releases of native species is the Mallard Anas platyrhynchos, being the most widespread duck in the world, largely migratory, and an important quarry species. More than 3 million unfledged hatchlings are released each year around Europe to increase local harvest. The aims of this study were to determine if wild and released farmed Mallards differ genetically, if there are signs of previous or ongoing introgression between wild and farmed birds, and if the genetic structure of the wild Mallard population has changed since large-scale releases started in Europe in the 1970s. Using 360 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) we found that the genetic structure differed among historical wild, present-day wild, and farmed Mallards in Europe. We also found signs of introgression in the wild Mallard population, that is, individuals with a genetic background of farmed stock are part of the present free-living population. Although only a small proportion of the released Mallards appears to survive to merge with the free-living breeding population, their numbers are still so large that the genetic impact may have significance for the wild population in terms of individual survival and longterm fitness.
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| 5. |
- Elmberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Farmed European mallards are genetically different and cause introgression in the wild population following releases
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The practice of restocking already viable populations to increase harvest potential has since long been common in forestry, fisheries and wildlife management. The potential risks of restocking native species have long been overshadowed by the related issue of invasive alien species. However, during the last decade releases of native species with potentially non-native genome have received more attention. A suitable model to study genetic effects of large-scale releases of native species is the Mallard Anas platyrhynchos, being the most widespread duck in the world, largely migratory, and an important quarry species. More than 3 million unfledged hatchlings are released each year around Europe to increase local harvest. The aims of this study were to determine if wild and released farmed Mallards differ genetically, if there are signs of previous or ongoing introgression between wild and farmed birds, and if the genetic structure of the wild Mallard population has changed since large-scale releases started in Europe in the 1970s. Using 360 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) we found that the genetic structure differed among historical wild, present-day wild, and farmed Mallards in Europe. We also found signs of introgression in the wild Mallard population, that is, individuals with a genetic background of farmed stock are part of the present free-living population. Although only a small proportion of the released Mallards appears to survive to merge with the free-living breeding population, their numbers are still so large that the genetic impact may have significance for the wild population in terms of individual survival and longterm fitness.
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- Hayden, Jane M., et al.
(författare)
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Does intraperitoneal ropivacaine reduce postoperative inflammation? A prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 63:8, s. 1048-1054
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Postoperative inflammation is a common consequence of surgery and the ensuing stress response. Local anesthetics have anti-inflammatory properties. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate if LA administrated intraperitoneally perioperatively might inhibit expression of inflammatory cytokines. Methods: This was a, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study (ClinicalTrial.gov reg no: NCT02256228) in patients undergoing surgery for ovarian cancer. Patients were randomized to receive: intraperitoneal ropivacaine (Group IPLA) or saline (Group P) perioperatively. Except for study drug, patients were treated similarly. At the end of surgery, a multi-port catheter was inserted intraperitoneally, and ropivacaine 2mg/mL or 0.9% saline, 10mL was injected intermittently every other hour during 72hours postoperatively. Systemic expression of cytokines and plasma ropivacaine were determined before and 6, 24, and 48hours after surgery. Stress response was measured by serum glucose, cortisol, and insulin. Results: Forty patients were recruited, 20 in each group. There was no statistical significant difference in systemic cytokine between the groups at any time point. Serum cortisol was significantly lower in the IPLA group at 6hours, median 103nmol/L (IQR 53-250) compared to placebo, median 440nmol/L (IQR 115-885), P=0.023. Serum glucose and insulin were similar between the groups. Total and free serum concentrations of ropivacaine were well below toxic concentrations. Conclusion: In this small study, perioperative intraperitoneal ropivacaine did not reduce the systemic inflammatory response associated with major abdominal surgery. Total and free ropivacaine concentrations were below known toxic concentrations in humans. © 2019 The Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
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- Kraus, R.H.S., et al.
(författare)
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Freigelassenes Federwild führt zu kontinent-weiter genetischer Introgression : die sich ändernde genetische Landschaft der Stockente Anas platyrhynchos in Europa
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Es ist eine seit langem übliche Praxis in Forstwirtschaft, Fischerei und allgemeinem Wildtiermanagement, Wildtierbestände gezielt aufzustocken. In den letzten ca. zehn Jahren haben aber solche Programme Aufmerksamkeit erregt, in denen lokale Bestände von Tierarten mit Individuen der gleichen Art, aber aus anderen Regionen und damit potentiell nicht-nativen Genomen aufgestockt wurden. Die Stockente Anas platyrhynchos ist ein geeignetes Modell um die genetischen Effekte solcher großskaligen Freisetzungen auf den einheimischen Genpool zu untersuchen, weil sie die am weitesten verbreitete und zahlreichste Entenart der Welt ist, über weite Strecken migrieren kann und gleichzeitig global das wichtigste Federwild darstellt. In vielen europäischen Ländern wird die Stockente seit etwa den frühen 1970er Jahren auch auf speziellen Farmen gezüchtet und zu Jagdzwecken ausgesetzt. So gehen aktuelle Schätzungen davon aus, dass jährlich etwa drei Millionen junge Enten nur zum Zweck der Aufstockung zur Jagd an europäischen Gewässern ausgesetzt werden. Die Ziele unserer Studie waren herauszufinden, ob sich Enten von Farmpopulationen genetisch von wilden Enten unterscheiden lassen, ob es Anzeichen früherer oder anhaltender genetischer Introgression zwischen diesen beiden Gruppen gibt und ob sich die genetische Struktur der wilden Entenpopulationen seit der großskaligen Entenaufstockung verändert hat. Dazu verwendeten wir 360 SNP Marker (Single Nucleotide Polymorhpism) um die genetische Struktur von historischen wilden Stockenten (Museumsproben), zeitgenössischen wilden Stockenten und Farm-Enten zu vergleichen (N = 591). Wir fanden klare genetische Unterschiede zwischen wilden Stockenten und Farm-Enten in mehreren Ländern Europas. Ebenfalls konnten wir genetische Introgression von Genen der Farm-Enten in die wilde Stockentenpopulation zeigen. Die Vermischung scheint bisher zwar messbar aber noch gering zu sein, da auf Farmen gezüchtete Stockenten in der Wildnis geringe Überlebensraten aufweisen. Dennoch sollte die weitere Einkreuzung von Farm-Enten in die wilden Stockentenpopulationen so gering wie möglich gehalten werden, da durch anhaltende genetische Introgression möglicherweise in Zukunft lokale Anpassungen der wilden Stockenten geschwächt werden, was eine Bedrohung dieser Bestände darstellen könnte.
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